1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试历年真题试卷汇编 6及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording t
2、wice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will
3、hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear e
4、ach piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What was the first step in fighting against infectious disease? （ A） The discovery of a vaccine. （ B） A powerful injection. （ C） The help of a milkmaid. （ D） The help from government. 12 Who first showed that germs caused disease? （ A） Edward Jenner. （ B） Lady Montague. （ C）
5、Louis Pasteur. （ D） Robert Koch. 13 When was a rabies vaccine developed? （ A） In 1976. （ B） In 1867. （ C） In 1881. （ D） In 1882. 14 Trees in rainforests have broad leaves. The advantage is （ A） to accept more sun light （ B） to encourage the heavy rain to run off the leaves （ C） to shade their roots
6、（ D） to hide their trunk 15 If we see some plants close their leaf pores, we can deduce that they are living in （ A） rainy area （ B） hot area （ C） drought area （ D） windy area 16 In this monologue, we can learn plants may develop mechanisms and adaptations （ A） to protect themselves from disasters （
7、 B） to avoid being hurt by human being （ C） to fight against the hostile environment （ D） to benefit the environment 17 What s Tom s purpose of speaking to Mr. Clinton? （ A） Asking for housing. （ B） Asking for a promotion. （ C） Asking for a raise. （ D） Asking for some help for work. 18 What s Mr. Cl
8、inton s comment on his work? （ A） He does his job enthusiastically, though he has not much efficiency. （ B） He didn t want to persist on his job from the beginning. （ C） He does his job adequately, but he doesn t do it well enough to deserve a raise. （ D） He should be dismissed anyway. 19 What does
9、Mr. Clinton suggest that Tom should do? （ A） Take more initiative and show more enthusiasm for the job. （ B） Don t neglect the duty any more. （ C） Wait for some time patiently. （ D） Study more knowledge about his subject. 20 What does Tom threaten to do if he cant get what he wants? （ A） To shout ou
10、t in front of the others. （ B） Not to leave the boss s office. （ C） To accuse the company. （ D） To quit his job. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 In 1942, the HMS Ed
11、inburgh was sunk in the Barents Sea. It was on its【 C1】_back to Britain with ninety-one boxes of Russian gold.【 C2】 _thirty-nine years it lay there, too deep for divers to【 C3】 _. No one was allowed to explode it, either, since the bodies of sixty of the crew also lay in the【 C4】 _. Then, in 1981, a
12、n ex-diver called Jessop decided to try using new diving techniques. 【 C5】 _he could not afford to finance the【 C6】 _which was going to cost four million pounds, he had to look for people who were【 C7】 _to take the risk.【 C8】_, they were not even sure the gold was going to be there! First a Scottish
13、 diving company, then a German shipping company agreed to join in the retrieval【 C9】_Not long after that, Jessop【 C10】 _a fourth company to take a【 C11】_. Since the gold was the【 C12】 _of the British and the Soviet governments, they both hoped to make a【 C13】 _, too! The biggest problem was how to g
14、et【 C14】 _the gold. Fortunately, they were able to examine the Edinburghs sister ship, the HMS Belfast, to【 C15】 _out the exact location of the bomb room,【 C16】 _the gold was stored. They knew it was to be an extremely difficult and dangerous undertaking. To reach the gold, they would have to cut a
15、large square【 C17】 _the body of the ship, go through the empty fuel tank and down to the bomb room. After twenty-eight dives, they【 C18】 _to find the first bar. Everyone worked【 C19】 _the clock, helping to clean and stack the gold,【 C20】 _as to finish the job as quickly as possible. 21 【 C1】 （ A） ro
16、ad （ B） path （ C） way （ D） passage 22 【 C2】 （ A） During （ B） For （ C） At （ D） Since 23 【 C3】 （ A） find （ B） discover （ C） dive （ D） reach 24 【 C4】 （ A） wreck （ B） ruin （ C） relic （ D） waste 25 【 C5】 （ A） Although （ B） Unless （ C） As （ D） If 26 【 C6】 （ A） research （ B） operation （ C） movement （ D） se
17、arch 27 【 C7】 （ A） willing （ B） luckly （ C） committed （ D） engaged 28 【 C8】 （ A） All in all （ B） In addition （ C） In case （ D） After all 29 【 C9】 （ A） assignment （ B） temptation （ C） attempt （ D） commission 30 【 C10】 （ A） introduced （ B） persuaded （ C） associated （ D） stimulated 31 【 C11】 （ A） chanc
18、e （ B） look （ C） measure （ D） choice 32 【 C12】 （ A） business （ B） estate （ C） obligation （ D） property 33 【 C13】 （ A） profit （ B） benefit （ C） success （ D） welfare 34 【 C14】 （ A） about （ B） around （ C） to （ D） from 35 【 C15】 （ A） get （ B） take （ C） work （ D） try 36 【 C16】 （ A） which （ B） where （ C）
19、here （ D） there 37 【 C17】 （ A） on （ B） in （ C） among （ D） along 38 【 C18】 （ A） managed （ B） achieved （ C） succeeded （ D） fulfilled 39 【 C19】 （ A） before （ B） by （ C） with （ D） round 40 【 C20】 （ A） that （ B） much （ C） far （ D） so Part A 40 No man has been more harshly judged than Machiavelli, especia
20、lly in the two centuries following his death. But he has since found many able champions and the tide has turned. The prince has been termed a manual for tyrants, the effect of which has been most harmful. But were Machiavellis doctrines really new? Did he discover them? He merely had the frankness
21、and courage to write down what everybody was thinking and what everybody knew. He merely gives us the impressions he had received from a long and intimate intercourse with princes and the affairs of state. It was Lord Bacon who said that Machiavelli tells us what princes do, not what they ought to d
22、o. When Machiavelli takes Caesar Borgia as a model, he does not praise him as a hero at all, but merely as a prince who was capable of attaining the end in view. The life of the state was the primary object. It must be maintained. And Machiavelli has laid down the principles, based upon his stud-y a
23、nd wide experience, by which this may be accomplished. He wrote from the view-point of the politician not of the moralist. What is good politics may be bad morals, and in fact, by a strange fatality, where morals and politics clash, the latter generally gets the upper hand. And will anyone contend t
24、hat the principles set forth by Machiavelli in his Prince or his Discourses have entirely perished from the earth? Has diplomacy been entirely stripped of fraud and duplicity? Let anyone read the famous eighteenth chapter of The Prince: “ In what Manner Princes should Keep their Faith, “ and he will
25、 be convinced that what was true nearly four hundred years ago, is quite as true today. Of the remaining works of Machiavelli the most important is the History of Florence written between 1521 and 1525, and dedicated to Clement VII. This book is merely a rapid review of the Middle Ages, and as part
26、of it the history of Florence. Machiavellis method has been criticized for adhering at times too closely to the chroniclers of his time, and at others rejecting their testimony without apparent reason, while in its details the authority of his History is often questionable. It is the straightforward
27、 , logical narrative, which always holds the interest of the reader, that is the greatest charm of the History. 41 It can be inferred from the beginning of the text that 42 Lord Bacons remarks on Machiavelli is quoted as 43 In the case of Caesar Borgia, the author holds that 44 According to the auth
28、or, a politicians morality 45 The authors opinion on Machiavellis History of Florence is that Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 45 Competition for admission to the countrys top privat
29、e schools has always been tough, but this year Elisabeth realized it had reached a new level. Her wake-up call came when a man called the Dalton School in Manhattan, where Elisabeth is admissions director, and inquired about the age cutoff for their kindergarten program. After providing the informat
30、ion, she asked about the age of his child. The man paused for an uncomfortably long time before answering. “Well, we dont have a child yet. Were trying to figure out when to conceive a child so the birthday is not a problem. “ Worries are spreading from Manhattan to the rest of the country. Precise
31、current data on private schools are unavailable, but interviews with representatives of independent schools all told the same story: an oversupply of applicants, higher rejection rates. “We have people calling us for spots two years down the road, “said Marilyn of the Seven Hills School in Cincinnat
32、i. “We have grandparents calling for pregnant daughters. “ Public opinion polls indicate that Americans No. 1 concern is education. Now that the long economic boom has given parents more disposable income, many are turning to private schools, even at price tags of well over $ 10, 000 a year. “Were g
33、etting applicants from a broader area geographically than we ever have in the past, “ said Betsy of the Latin School of Chicago, which experienced a 20 percent increase in applications this year. The problem for the applicants is that while demand has increased, supply has not. “ Every year, there a
34、re a few children who do not find places, but this year, for the first time that I know of, there are a significant number without places, “said Elisabeth. So what can parents do to give their 4-year-old an edge? Schools know there is no easy way to pick a class when children are so young. Many scho
35、ols give preference to children of their graduates. Some make the choice by drawing lots. But most rely on a mix of subjective and objective measures: tests that at best identify developmental maturity and cognitive potential, interviews with parents and observation of applicants in classroom settin
36、gs. They also want a diverse mix. Children may end up on a waiting list simply because their birthdays fall at the wrong time of year, or because too many applicants were boys. The worst thing a patent can do is to pressure preschoolers to perform for example, by pushing them to read or do math exer
37、cises before theyre ready. Instead, the experts say, parents should take a breath and look for alternatives. Another year in preschool may be all thats needed. 46 From this text we learn that it is （ A） harder to make a choice between public and private schools. （ B） harder to go to private schools
38、this year than before. （ C） more difficult to go to public schools than to private schools. （ D） as difficult to go to private schools this year as before. 47 The sentence“We have people.down the road“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2)probably means （ A） we have people calling us for parking space two years ahe
39、ad of time. （ B） people called us for permission to use the places two years ago. （ C） we received calls from people down the road two years ago. （ D） people called us for school vacancies two years in advance. 48 The text indicates that private schools are very selective because they （ A） have no r
40、eliable methods to pick students for a class. （ B） want a good mixture of boys and girls for classes. （ C） encounter more demand than they can cope with. （ D） prefer to enroll children of their relatives. 49 From the text, we can infer that the author （ A） favors the idea of putting children on a wa
41、iting list. （ B） agrees to test preschoolers cognitive potentials. （ C） thinks children should be better prepared academically （ D） disapproves of the undue pressure on preschoolers. 50 Which of the following can serve as a title of this text? （ A） Hard Time for the Preschoolers （ B） Prosperity of P
42、rivate Schools （ C） The Problem for Public Schools （ D） Americanss No 1 Concern 50 William Shakespeare described old age as“second childishness“ no teeth, no eyes, no taste. In the case of taste he may, musically speaking, have been more perceptive than he realised. A paper in Neurology by Giovanni
43、Frisoni and his colleagues at the National Centre for Research and Care of Alzheimerss Disease in Italy, shows that frontotemporal dementia can affect musical desires in ways that suggest a regression, if not to infancy, then at least to a patients teens. Frontotemporal dementia, a disease usually f
44、ound with old people, is caused, as its name suggests, by damage to the front and sides of the brain. These regions are concerned with speech, and with such“ higher“ functions as abstract thinking and judgment. Two of such patients intrigued Dr Frisoni. One was a 68-year-old lawyer, the other a 73-y
45、ear-old housewife. Both had undamaged memories, but displayed the sorts of defect associated with frontotemporal dementia a diagnosis that was confirmed by brain scanning. About two years after he was first diagnosed, the lawyer, once a classical music lover who referred to pop music as“ mere noise“
46、 , started listening to the Italian pop band “883“. As his command of language and his emotional attachments to friends and family deteriorated, he continued to listen to the band at full volume for many hours a day. The housewife had not even had the lawyers love of classical music, having never en
47、joyed music of any sort in the past. But about a year after her diagnosis she became very interested in the songs that her 11-year-old granddaughter was listening to. This kind of change in musical taste was not seen in any of the Alzheimers patients, and thus appears to be specific to those with fr
48、ontotemporal dementia. And other studies have remarked on how frontotemporal-dementia patients sometimes gain new talents. Five sufferers who developed artistic abilities are known. And in another case, one woman with the disease suddenly started composing and singing country and western songs. Dr F
49、risoni speculates that the illness is causing people to develop a new attitude towards novel experiences, Previous studies of novelty-seeking behaviour suggest that it is managed by the brains right frontal lobe. A predominance of the right over the left frontal lobe, caused by damage to the latter, might thus lead to a quest for new experience. Alternatively, the damage may have affected some specific nervous system that is needed to appreciate certain
