1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 186及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What major did Ms. Kophal got when she graduated from the University of Rostock last year? （ A） Medical science （ B） Political science （ C） Biology （ D） Production management 12 What is the national average percent of unemployment? （ A） 9 percent （ B） 12 percent （ C） 16 percent
5、 （ D） 18 percent 13 What are the two classic jobs that people will take in Rostock, besides working at McDonalds? （ A） Becoming a physicist （ B） Becoming a school teacher （ C） Becoming a taxi driver （ D） Becoming a magazine production manager 14 Why Sonora Louise Smart Dodd wanted to celebrate Fathe
6、rs day? （ A） Because she thought man and woman should be equal. （ B） Because the president Washington asked her to do so. （ C） Because she wanted to show respect to her father who brought up six children. （ D） Because she could not celebrate Mothers day. 15 What day did Sonora choose as Fathers Day?
7、 （ A） June 19th （ B） the third Sunday in June （ C） the second Sunday in June （ D） June 13th 16 Which president in the United States establish Fathers Day as a permanent national observance? （ A） George Washington （ B） Calvin Coolidge （ C） Richard Nixon （ D） Lybdon Johnson 17 Megan Delia Selva, who h
8、as already traded e-mail messages with her mom, just to say hi, is a_. （ A） freshman （ B） sophomore （ C） junior （ D） senior 18 What is the relationship between Maria Minkarah and Megan Delia Selva? （ A） Teacher and student （ B） Sisters （ C） Good friends （ D） Mother and daughter 19 According to the r
9、eport, what is the most striking thing? （ A） The tone students had when talking about their parents: fond, warm and admiring. （ B） The young women keep in close touch with their families, discussing matters big and small, academic and personal. （ C） Many students turn to their parents for help with
10、everything from roommate troubles to how to improve the paper they e-mailed home. （ D） Not all college students are closely connected with their parents. 20 Which has a lot to do with what university administrators and parents alike say has been a big change over the last decade, besides cellphones?
11、 （ A） Web access （ B） Stronger presence of parents on campus （ C） Offices created to deal with parents queries and concerns （ D） E-mail 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
12、 20 Most people would be 21 by the high quality of medicine 22 to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 23 to the individual, a 24 a-mount of advanced technical equipment, and 25 effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 26
13、 in the courts if they 27 things badly. But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 28 health care is organized and 29. 30 to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not 31 the les
14、s fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, 32 this year will eat up 84. 5 billion dollars more than 10 percent of the U. S. Budget large number of Americans are left 33 These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limit
15、s 34 income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 35 the health system. There is no 36 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has sh
16、ot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is 37 up. Two thirds of the population 38 covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 39 that the insurance company will pay the bill. The ris
17、ing cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health bill climbed 15. 9 percent about twice as fast as prices 40 general. （ A） compressed （ B） impressed （ C） obsessed （ D） repressed （ A） available （ B） attainable （ C） achievable （ D
18、） amenable （ A） extension （ B） retention （ C） attention （ D） exertion （ A） countless （ B） titanic （ C） broad （ D） vast （ A） intensive （ B） absorbed （ C） intense （ D） concentrated （ A） run into （ B） encounter （ C） face （ D） defy （ A） treat （ B） deal （ C） maneuver （ D） handle （ A） which （ B） that （ C）
19、 what （ D） when （ A） to finance （ B） financed （ C） the finance （ D） to be financed （ A） Contrary （ B） Opposed to （ C） Averse （ D） Objected （ A） looking for （ B） looking into （ C） looking after （ D） looking over （ A） which （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it （ A） over （ B） out （ C） off （ D） away （ A） for （ B
20、） in （ C） with （ D） on （ A） over （ B） on （ C） under （ D） behind （ A） boundary （ B） restriction （ C） confinement （ D） limit （ A） to pay （ B） paying （ C） pay （ D） to have paid （ A） is being （ B） are （ C） have been （ D） is （ A） knowing （ B） to know （ C） they know （ D） known （ A） in （ B） with （ C） on （
21、D） for Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three of four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. We
22、ather forecasts are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original char
23、acteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an
24、 enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States weather Bureau issues information a-bout approaching storms, floods, frosts, drough
25、ts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook“ which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels with often set the stage for the develop
26、ment of air masses, fronts, and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few me
27、teorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional oro-graphical precipit
28、ation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements. 41 One characteristic of weather maps not mentioned by the author in this passage is_. （ A） wind speed （ B） thermal changes （ C） fronts （ D） barometric pre
29、ssure 42 The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_. （ A） upper air levels （ B） satellite reports （ C） changing fronts （ D） daily air maps 43 The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it_. （ A） gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise
30、（ B） enables man to alter the weather （ C） uses electronic instruments （ D） is modern 44 A weather map is synoptic because it_. （ A） summarizes a great deal of information （ B） can be interpreted accurately （ C） appears daily （ D） shows changing fronts 45 At the present time, experiments are being c
31、onducted in_. （ A） 30-day “outlook“ （ B） controlling storms （ C） satellites （ D） manipulating weather 45 Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation.
32、People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and p
33、unishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist; in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Societys econo
34、mic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $ 10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $ 10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them. In such a world, the chances that the h
35、uman species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but
36、an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations coloured by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a
37、social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good“ and others are “bad“, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our
38、emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals when perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such flying fighter
39、 planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts. 46 The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that （ A） they would not be able to tell the texture of objects （ B） they would not know what was beneficia
40、l and what was harmful to them （ C） they would not be happy with a life without love （ D） they would do things that hurt each others feeling 47 According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because they_. （ A） believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive （ B） ben
41、efit from rewarded for doing the right thing （ C） know what is vital to progress of society （ D） enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing 48 It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on_. （ A） the ability to make money （ B） the will to work for pl
42、easure （ C） the capacity to enjoy incentives （ D） the categorizations of our emotional experiences 49 Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because _ （ A） they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects （ B） they are the basis for the social feeling of ag
43、reement by which society is maintained （ C） they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements （ D） they generate more love than hate among people 50 The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they_. （ A） help society exploit its members for profit （
44、 B） encourage us to perform important tasks （ C） help to perfect the legal and penal system （ D） help us adapt our behaviour to the world surrounding us 50 Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV. The first difference is that a policemans real life
45、 revolves round criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone h
46、e wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in chatting, he will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes. Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as h
47、es arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching. Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that
48、 he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law; secondly, as expensive public servants they ha
49、ve to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways. If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness as he sees it of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that thi
