1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 191及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What has cloning bypassed? （ A） The nuclear transfer （ B） The process taking DNA （ C） The normal reproductive process （ D） The creation of cells 12 Whats the big breakthrough with Dolly, the first cloned animal? （ A） It makes a clone from an ordinary, adult cell. （ B） It makes
5、the first normal and healthy cloned animal. （ C） It paves the way to the cloning of human beings. （ D） It makes a cloned animal with only mother. 13 Which country first passed the law banning human cloning? （ A） The United States （ B） The United Kingdom （ C） Switzerland （ D） Russia 14 What is the ta
6、rget group for this years “No Tobacco Day“? （ A） Children under 16 （ B） Men between 20 and 33 years old （ C） Women （ D） Old people with serious diseases 15 What is the recent important development observed in developing countries? （ A） The number of smokers has been falling about 2 percent a year. （
7、 B） The number of smokers has been rising 20 percent a year. （ C） The number of smokers has been rising 2 percent a year. （ D） The number of smokers has been falling 20 percent a year. 16 What is the good of the World Health Organization? （ A） To set a “smoke-free“ world （ B） To teach the people in
8、developing countries a lesson （ C） To forbid farmers to grow tobacco （ D） To forbid smokers to buy tobacco products 17 Which word may best describe two speakers positions on intermarriage? （ A） Comparison （ B） Contrast （ C） Causality （ D） Bias 18 Why does marriage usually thrive concerning customs a
9、nd traditions? （ A） On a give-and-take policy （ B） Beyond a give-and-take policy （ C） In the manner of each others adaptation （ D） Due to religious beliefs 19 The cultural differences arise_. （ A） at the wedding （ B） before intermarriage （ C） after people get married （ D） until recently 20 What nega
10、tive effects may the intermarriage most probably cause? （ A） A quick divorce （ B） Cultural shock （ C） A big gap between parents and children （ D） Much suffering in childrens minds 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered bl
11、ank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: 21 it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; 22 the workers in government offices who 23 our health, our food, our water, and all 24 things that we can no
12、t do for ourselves. By 25 of taxation, we pay for things that we need as 26 as we need somewhere to live and something to eat. In most countries, a direct tax on persons, 27 is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay 28 , and the percentage of tax grows gr
13、eater as the taxpayers 29 grows. In England, for example, the tax on the 30 peo-ple goes up as high as ninety-five percent! But countries with direct taxation nearly always have 31 taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or“duties“. 32 , it is the men and women who buy
14、the imported things in the shops who really 33 pay the duties, in the 34 of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax 35 things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer 36. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur
15、 coats are taxed, 37 is obtained, but the tax is fairer, as the 38 pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, 39 with a direct on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is 40 arrangement. （ A） because of （ B） instead of （ C） with （ D） without （ A） so （ B） nor （ C） not （ D） al
16、l （ A） look after （ B） sympathize （ C） consider （ D） see （ A） other （ B） others （ C） the other （ D） many （ A） mean （ B） means （ C） a means （ D） the means （ A） many （ B） well （ C） more （ D） much （ A） which （ B） what （ C） that （ D） it （ A） a lot （ B） most （ C） nothing （ D） more （ A） income （ B） popula
17、tion （ C） tax （ D） amount （ A） poor （ B） working （ C） rich （ D） richest （ A） no （ B） income （ C） indirect （ D） direct （ A） However （ B） So （ C） Of course （ D） By chance （ A） have to （ B） will （ C） are willing to （ D） should （ A） way （ B） form （ C） name （ D） terms （ A） about （ B） on （ C） for （ D） for
18、m （ A） least （ B） highly （ C） less （ D） most （ A） less money （ B） more money （ C） fewer money （ D） most money （ A） people （ B） poor （ C） rich （ D） country （ A） including （ B） along （ C） dealing （ D） and （ A） the best （ B） the worst （ C） good （ D） better Part B Directions: Read the following four tex
19、ts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. W
20、ith remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foods fruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoes is the bodys best weapon in thwarting many health-related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the sa
21、me healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones. Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and min
22、imized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they cur
23、rently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot stronger several years ago than it does now,“ says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition
24、 education at the American Institute for Cancer Research. The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources of calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery
25、and fragile. Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you dont absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these r
26、equirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesnt produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily amount is 1,200 mg, most adults dont eat more than 500 mg. One reason may have been the perception that calcium-r
27、ich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,“ says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D. , of Peachtree Orthopaedics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing
28、 skim milk or low-fat yogurt. “ Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium. If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. Theyre a
29、potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getting the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the
30、suns rays. 41 Which kind of food is recommended to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones? （ A） Calcium-rich food （ B） Plant-based and starchy staples food （ C） High-fat, high-calorie food （ D） Vitamin D-rich food 42 The underlined word “thwart“ (Para. 1
31、) most probably means “_“. （ A） destroy （ B） forbid （ C） cure （ D） prevent 43 _percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles. （ A） 30-40 （ B） 40-50 （ C） 50-60 （ D） 60-70 44 According to the passage, c
32、ancers may take some healthy steps other than_. （ A） stop smoking （ B） exercise regularly （ C） take non-fat diet （ D） control their weight 45 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-f
33、at yogurt. （ B） Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. （ C） You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium. （ D） If you want to absorb calcium, you should expose yourself to the suns rays. 45 A multinational corporation is
34、a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches that it owns or controls around the world. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of the
35、m are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. The less developed countries often welcome the multinationals because they are a source of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host
36、countries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriented to the needs of the outsiders) profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested; and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of th
37、eir own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries control of their own economies. It seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the hist
38、orical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that societies undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose o
39、utcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are struggling to achieve in the course of a few years the material advantages that the older industrialized nations have taken generations to gain. The result is often a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the se
40、ntiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The responses have taken many different forms:military overthrow by army officers determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religious movements urging a return to absolute moralities and certainties of the past;nationalism
41、 as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not evolutionary, but revolutionary. 46 Why do the less developed countries welcome the multinationals? （ A） Because multinationals are more developed. （ B） Because mul
42、tinationals bring investment and jobs. （ C） Because multinationals conduct their operations through branches. （ D） Because multinationals are wealthier. 47 Which of the following is NOT the problems brought by multinationals? （ A） They limit the host countries control of their own economies. （ B） Pr
43、ofits are frequently exported rather than reinvested. （ C） Various industries develop in the host country. （ D） They increase the host countries export dependency. 48 Which of the following is most likely to benefit from the fierce international political and economic competition? （ A） The host indu
44、stries. （ B） the local people. （ C） Those stronger and richer countries. （ D） The local ruling group. 49 what does the word“tug-of-war“probably refer to? （ A） Serious social disorder. （ B） Military overthrow by army officers. （ C） Fierce international political and economic competition. （ D） Struggl
45、e between modernization and the sentiments of tradition. 50 What is the root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed countries? （ A） Violent social change. （ B） Military overthrow. （ C） Nationalism. （ D） Fundamentalist religious movements. 50 Hawaiis native minority is demanding a grea
46、ter degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea. The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 an
47、d since then Hawaiis native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some
48、degree of autonomy. But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian n-atives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives
49、are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) , a state a-gency set up in 1978 to represent to natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 wants full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater aut
