1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 208及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is Freuds contributions to psychology? （ A） Human personality （ B） His conscious theory （ C） His free will （ D） Personality theory 12 What did Freud think about one of his patients remarks “Ill pay you later, Dr. Freud. “? （ A） He was joking with Freud. （ B） He played in F
5、reuds office. （ C） He unconsciously revealed his intention of refusing to pay. （ D） He only made his empty promise to Freud. 13 What was Freud primarily interested in? （ A） Money （ B） Jewish independence （ C） University setting （ D） Theory 14 What is the origin of Kwanzaa related to? （ A） Religion.
6、（ B） Family life. （ C） Agriculture. （ D） Community. 15 Which of the following colors is used for decoration in Kwanzaa? （ A） Yellow. （ B） Green. （ C） White. （ D） Blue. 16 What do the seven candies stand for? （ A） Principles. （ B） Cultures. （ C） Tribes. （ D） Colors. 17 In which situation Indians woul
7、dnt use sign language according to the passage? （ A） When they wanted to kill an enemy. （ B） When they wanted to identify a stranger. （ C） When they wanted to tell the time of the day. （ D） When they wanted to send a message to a person far away. 18 Which of the following could NOT be used by Indian
8、s to make a signal? （ A） A small horse （ B） Cigarettes （ C） A mirror （ D） Fire arrows 19 What would an Indian do when he wanted to show that he saw many animals? （ A） He would run away to hide. （ B） He would send signals with a mirror. （ C） He would set a fire. （ D） He would ride a small horse in a
9、large circle. 20 Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? （ A） A small horse （ B） Mirror signals （ C） Indian sign language （ D） Clever Indians 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B
10、, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 21 , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others 22 to t
11、hemselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 23 the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 24 being classified as “English“. Even in England there are many 25 in regional character and speech. The chief 26 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 27 going from Bristol to London,
12、 people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, 28 there are local variations. Further north, regional speech is usually “ 29 “ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are 30 to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more 31 . They are openhearted and hospitab
13、le; foreigners often find that they make friends with them 32 Northerners generally have hearty 33 : the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous 34 at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands 35 a gradual change from the southern
14、 to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound 36 by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pronounced in words in which it would be 37 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, 38 inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Cel
15、tic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently 39 as being more “fiery“ than the English. They are 40 a race that is quite distinct from the English. （ A） In consequence （ B） In brief （ C） In general （ D） In fact （ A） confine （ B） attach （ C） refer （ D） add （ A） as （ B） whic
16、h （ C） for （ D） so （ A） with （ B） by （ C） at （ D） for （ A） similarities （ B） differences （ C） certainties （ D） features （ A） factor （ B） virtue （ C） privilege （ D） division （ A） line （ B） row （ C） border （ D） scale （ A） who （ B） when （ C） though （ D） for （ A） wider （ B） broader （ C） rarer （ D） scarc
17、er （ A） used （ B） apt （ C） possible （ D） probable （ A） perfect （ B） notorious （ C） superior （ D） thorough （ A） swiftly （ B） promptly （ C） immediately （ D） quickly （ A） appetites （ B） tastes （ C） interests （ D） senses （ A） helpings （ B） offerings （ C） fillings （ D） findings （ A） represent （ B） design
18、ate （ C） demonstrate （ D） reckon （ A） delivered （ B） denoted （ C） depicted （ D） defined （ A） quiet （ B） obscure （ C） faint （ D） silent （ A） rather （ B） still （ C） somehow （ D） even （ A） rendered （ B） thought （ C） impressed （ D） described （ A） with （ B） of （ C） among （ D） against Part B Directions: R
19、ead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 A multinational corporation is a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches that it owns or controls ar
20、ound the world. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. The less developed countries often welcome the multinationals because they
21、are a source of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks, for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host countries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriented to the needs of the outsiders) profits are frequently
22、 exported rather than reinvested; and local benefits go mainly to a small ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of their own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries control of their own econ
23、omies. It seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the historical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that societies undergo during this process. The world-system m
24、odel reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose outcome favors the stronger parties. Today, the less developed countries are struggling to achieve in the course of a few years the mate
25、rial advantages that the older industrialized nations have taken generations to gain. The result is often a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the sentiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The responses have taken many different forms:military overthrow
26、by army officers determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religious movements urging a return to absolute moralities and certainties of the past;nationalism as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not
27、 evolutionary, but revolutionary. 41 Why do the less developed countries welcome the multinationals? （ A） Because multinationals are more developed. （ B） Because multinationals bring investment and jobs. （ C） Because multinationals conduct their operations through branches. （ D） Because multinationa
28、ls are wealthier. 42 Which of the following is NOT the problems brought by multinationals? （ A） They limit the host countries control of their own economies. （ B） Profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested. （ C） Various industries develop in the host country. （ D） They increase the host
29、countries export dependency. 43 Which of the following is most likely to benefit from the fierce international political and economic competition? （ A） The host industries. （ B） the local people. （ C） Those stronger and richer countries. （ D） The local ruling group. 44 what does the word“tug-of-war“
30、probably refer to? （ A） Serious social disorder. （ B） Military overthrow by army officers. （ C） Fierce international political and economic competition. （ D） Struggle between modernization and the sentiments of tradition. 45 What is the root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed coun
31、tries? （ A） Violent social change. （ B） Military overthrow. （ C） Nationalism. （ D） Fundamentalist religious movements. 45 How efficient is our system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we ask of itconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British tr
32、ail system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day
33、, on the dramatic cross examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our “adversarial“ system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the continental “inquisitorial“ system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. In early times,
34、in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial by “ordeal“especially a religious eventwas the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this way eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the continent church-trained legal officials took over
35、the function of both prosecuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the Justice of the Peace and the jurymen who were illiterate and this meant that all the evidence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evid
36、ence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pretrial looks very undramaticj much of it is just a public checking of the written
37、 records already gathered. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the U. S. A. has virt
38、ually no contempt of court laws to prevent pretrial publicity in the newspaper and on television, American lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced are empane
39、lled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defense lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the backgr
40、ound. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witness beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defense work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides
41、, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely beca
42、use they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. 46 “British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. “ It implies that_. （ A） the British legal system can do the basic job wellconvicting the guilty and acquitting the innoc
43、ent （ B） the British legal system is worse than the continental legal system （ C） the British legal system is often considered to be not very fair （ D） the British legal system is very efficient 47 Which of the following sentences is NOT true? （ A） Oral evidence was unnecessary in France because the
44、 judges and prosecutors could read. （ B） When trial by ordeal was finally abandoned throughout Europe, trial by jury was introduced in Britain. （ C） In the adversarial system, it is the lawyers who play the leading roles. （ D） Lawyers in Britain are prepared to lie in order to win their cases. 48 In
45、 Britain, newspapers_. （ A） do the same as American newspapers do （ B） are not interested in publishing details about the trial before it takes place （ C） are not allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes place （ D） are allowed to publish details about the trial before it takes plac
46、e 49 We can infer that American lawyers_. （ A） do not attempt to familiarize themselves with cases （ B） prepare the cases themselves （ C） tend to be more passionately involved in their cases （ D） tend to approach cases dispassionately 50 The passage_. （ A） questions whether the system of trial by ju
47、ry can ever be completely efficient （ B） suggests a number of reforms which should be made to the legal system of various countries （ C） describes how the British legal system works and compares it favourably with other systems （ D） compares the legal systems of a number of countries and discusses t
48、heir advantages and disadvantages 50 The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in eff
49、ect supported the medical principle of “double effect“, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patients. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “unt
