1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 315及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twi
2、ce. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 PART C Directions: You will he
3、ar three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear eac
4、h piece ONLY ONCE. 11 How many people applied but didnt ran the race? （ A） 16,000. （ B） 10,000. （ C） 67,000.00 （ D） 54,000.00 12 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Most competitors did not finish the race within two hours. （ B） Most competitors were interested in the race. （ C） Most competitor
5、s were trying to run as fast as they could. （ D） Most competitors wanted to know if they could run 26 miles. 13 Where did one of the runners fall down? （ A） 50 meters from the end. （ B） 15 meters from the end. （ C） 10 meters from the end. （ D） 5 meters from the end. 14 Which of the following is cove
6、red in BCD International programs? （ A） Interviews with radio producers. （ B） A large variety of pop songs. （ C） News from the music library. （ D） Stories about the good old days. 15 Which program gives us the ideas behind the pop songs? （ A） The History of Pop. （ B） The Road to Music. （ C） Pop Word
7、s. （ D） About the Big Hits. 16 For native speakers understanding English pop songs is （ A） effortless. （ B） impossible. （ C） difficult. （ D） unnecessary. 17 Whats the main topic of this passage? （ A） Its about the tests of a new airliner before its flying. （ B） Its about how to protect a new airline
8、r. （ C） Its about how to train a new pilot. （ D） Its about what the airliner engineers should do. 18 Why air must be pumped into the plane? （ A） Because without air the plane cant fly. （ B） Because the plane needs air for its fuel. （ C） Because the passengers lives depend on air. （ D） Because the pa
9、ssengers have paid for it. 19 What would happen if a small part of the plane were to crack? （ A） The plane would not go forward. （ B） The plane would explode. （ C） The plane would fall down. （ D） The plane would fly slowly. 20 For what purpose does the pilot shut off all the engines? （ A） To find ou
10、t exactly what happens （ B） To save fuel. （ C） To fly more slowly. （ D） To keep balance. Part A 20 Some doctors are taking an unusual new approach to communicate better with patients they are letting【 B1】 _read the notes that physicians normally share only with each other. After meeting with patient
11、s, doctors typically jot【 B2】 _notes on a range of topics, from musings about possible diagnoses to observations about【 B3】 _a patient is getting along with a spouse. The notes are used to justify the bill, and may be audited. But the main idea is to have a written record【 B4】 _insights into the pat
12、ient s condition for the next visit or for other doctors to see. A study currently under way,【 B5】 _the OpenNotes project, is looking at what happens【 B6】 _doctors-notes become available for a patient to read, usually【 B7】 _electronic medical records. In a report on the early stages of the study, pu
13、blished Tuesday in the Annals of Internal Medicine, researchers say that inviting patients to review the【 B8】 _ can improve patients understanding of their own health and get them to stick to their treatment regimens【 B9】 _closely. But researchers also point to possible downsides: Patients may panic
14、 if their doctor speculates【 B10】 _ writing about cancer or heart disease, leading to a flood of follow-up calls and emails. And doctors say they worry that some medical terms can be taken the【 B11】 _way by patients. For instance,【 B12】 _phrase “the patient appears SOB“【 B13】 _ to shortness of breat
15、h, not a derogatory designation. And OD is short for oculus dexter, or right eye,【 B14】 _for overdose. Medical providers have been stepping up efforts to improve doctor-patient communication, in part【 B15】 _studies show it can result in better patient outcomes. The introduction of electronic medical
16、 records in recent years has helped to achieve that. 21 【 B1】 22 【 B2】 23 【 B3】 24 【 B4】 25 【 B5】 26 【 B6】 27 【 B7】 28 【 B8】 29 【 B9】 30 【 B10】 31 【 B11】 32 【 B12】 33 【 B13】 34 【 B14】 35 【 B15】 Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C
17、 or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 35 The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of whats to come. Heres how to protect your good name. HERES THE SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the Feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims cou
18、ld have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $
19、 60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $ 3 million and rising. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 American
20、s have their credit hijacked every year. Its one of crimes biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number which can often be found on the Web is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that reven
21、ue to fraud, so theres little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, its up to you to protect your identity. The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of the
22、m go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved“ credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later. But the most effecti
23、ve way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at equifax. com), Trans-Union () and Experian (experian. com). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail he
24、ll on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found Trans-Unions website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If youre lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you
25、 are entitled to one free report a year by law. Otherwise its going to cost $ 8 to $ 14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $ 70; thats $ 10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think youre a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud aler
26、ts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at www. consumer, gov/idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocking. Just dont expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of th
27、e fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught. 36 What is the trend of credit-theft crime? （ A） Tightly suppressed. （ B） More frightening. （ C） Rapidly increasing. （ D） loosely controlled. 37 The expression “inside job“ (Line 3, Paragraph 2) most probably means “_. （ A） a crime that is com
28、mitted by a person working for the victim （ B） a crime that should be punished severely （ C） a crime that does great harm to the victim （ D） a crime that poses a great threat to the society 38 The creditors can protect their identity in the following ways except_. （ A） destroying your junk mail （ B）
29、 leaving your Social Security card at home （ C） visiting the credit-report website regularly （ D） obtaining the free report from the government 39 Why is it easy to have credit-theft? （ A） More people are using credit service. （ B） The application program is not safe enough. （ C） Creditors usually d
30、isclose their identity. （ D） Creditors are not careful about their identity. 40 What is the best title of the text? （ A） The danger of credit-theft （ B） The loss of me creditors （ C） How to protect your good name （ D） Why the creditors lose their identity 40 In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial
31、intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, theyre nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for human like behavior. Ne
32、ver mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the Shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid. A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is th
33、at AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new -movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which: naturally dame up with intellig
34、ence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation-instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather man digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar,
35、and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field. Imitating the brains neural (神经的 ) network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence.
36、“People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors“, he explains, “but its not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.“ Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brains capabilities stem fr
37、om the pattern recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build and artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills. Right now, the option that conventional computers and software are fun
38、damentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town. 41 The author says that the powerful computers of today_. （ A） are capable of reli
39、ably recognizing the shape of an object （ B） are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior （ C） are not very different in their performance from those of the 50s （ D） still cannot communicate with people in a human language 42 The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from （ A） the shift
40、of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objects （ B） the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs （ C） the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child （ D） the efforts made by scientists in the s
41、tudy of the similarities between transistors and brain cells 43 Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to _. （ A） find a roundabout way to design powerful computers （ B） build a computer using a clever network of switches （ C） find out how intelligence developed in
42、nature （ D） separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought 44 Whats the authors opinion about the new AI movement? （ A） It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers, but it will soon die out. （ B） Its a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes. （ C） Its m
43、ore like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort. （ D） It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects. 45 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “the only game in town“ (Line 3, Para. 4)? （ A） The only approach to building an
44、artificially intelligent computer. （ B） The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research. （ C） The only area worth studying in computer science. （ D） The only game they would like to play in town. 45 Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for ev
45、ery 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will b
46、e an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certa
47、in death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone. There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide; stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities,
48、very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is ha
49、ppening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes. For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No
