1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 45及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twic
2、e. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 PART B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 Women held a high place in the
3、10th and 11th centuries in southern 7 The woman was protected in those societies by a 8 The decimum was the wifes right to receive a tenth of all 9 A wifes position in a family was equal 10 A husband could sell his wifes inheritance if PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues.
4、Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 What is the
5、main thought expressed in this appeal? （ A） The museums are a financial success. （ B） People are leaving New York rapidly. （ C） The public should support cultural institutions. （ D） Crocker Bank wants new depositors. 12 Why are the citys museums economically important? （ A） They have hotels and stor
6、es. （ B） Tourists are brought to the city by them to spend money. （ C） Hotels are beside the museums. （ D） They need money to build the museums. 13 What are people encouraged to do? （ A） Leave New York to minorities. （ B） Go after success when they visit the museums. （ C） Give financial help to the
7、museums. （ D） Go to the museums every day. 14 What was the attitude in the 19th century toward resources of the sea? （ A） Declined. （ B） Depleted. （ C） Limited. （ D） Unlimited. 15 What does the speaker emphasize as the reason for maintaining sea resources? （ A） It is important for food resources. （
8、B） The great fisheries are to be exhausted. （ C） The noted biologist insisted on it. （ D） Fishes are fewer than Indian tigers. 16 What does the speaker believe about sea resources? （ A） The Indian tiger and American eagle are important. （ B） None of the great sea fisheries are to be exhausted. （ C）
9、Fish supply has no effects on people. （ D） Sea resources are important to people. 17 What is the basic honor in taking part in the Olympic Games? （ A） To win medals. （ B） To break world records. （ C） To win first places. （ D） To take part in the Games. 18 What is the most obvious feature of the para
10、de in the opening ceremony? （ A） The runner enters the stadium with the torch. （ B） Teams of different countries put on a wonderful display. （ C） The host country marches in last. （ D） There must be both men and women in all teams. 19 The Olympic Games are not only sport games but also _. （ A） world
11、 celebrations of sports （ B） world-wide movements for peace （ C） great displays of the best sportsmen （ D） chances for women to be equal with men 20 When were womens swimming events first introduced? （ A） In 1900. （ B） In 1912. （ C） In 1928. （ D） In 1930. 一、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Di
12、rections: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Here is the story of rubber. From the earliest time it was common knowledge to the Peruvians(秘鲁人 )that when a cut was made in the outside skin of a rubber tree, a white liquid
13、like milk came out, and that from 【 21】 _ a sticky mass of rubber might be made. This rubber is 【 22】 _ when warm, so that it is possible to give it any 【 23】 _ . The Peruvians made the 【 24】 _ that it was very good for keeping out the wet. Then in the early 1800s, the Americans made use of it for t
14、he first time. First they made overshoes to 【 25】 _ their feet dry. Then came a certain Mr. Mackintosh, who made coats of cloth covered with natural rubber. From that day to this we have been coating cloth with rubber as Mr. Mackintosh 【 26】 _ , and our raincoats are still named after 【 27】 _ . Thes
15、e first rubber overshoes and raincoats were all soft and sticky 【 28】 _ summer, and hard and inelastic (没有弹性的 )in the winter 【 29】 _ it was cold. 【 30】 _ the rubber we have today is soft and elastic, it is very strong 【 31】_ in the warmer summer and the colder winter. This was made possible by a man
16、 【 32】 _ Goodyear. After many 【 33】 _ , he found that nitric acid(NHO3) made the rubber 【 34】 _ better, but it is not hard and strong enough. Then strange thing 【 35】 _ . A friend of his, Nicholas Hayward, had the 【 36】 _ in his sleep that rubber might be made hard and strong if mixed 【 37】 _ sulphu
17、r and put in the sun. Goodyear put this idea to the test, and saw that it did have more or less the desired 【 38】 _ though somewhat less than more. The only effect it had was on the outside of the rubber. 【 39】 _ is common knowledge now that the way to make rubber hard and strong is by heating it wi
18、th sulphur. It took Goodyear four more years to find this heating method. When 【 40】 _ he did it, he had nothing at all. Everything of the smallest value had been used to get money, even his sons school-books. 21 【 21】 （ A） those （ B） this （ C） these （ D） them 22 【 22】 （ A） soft （ B） hard （ C） shiny
19、 （ D） strong 23 【 23】 （ A） sort （ B） type （ C） kind （ D） form 24 【 24】 （ A） discovery （ B） invention （ C） search （ D） research 25 【 25】 （ A） maintain （ B） remain （ C） keep （ D） continue 26 【 26】 （ A） does （ B） did （ C） had done （ D） was doing 27 【 27】 （ A） her （ B） them （ C） him （ D） it 28 【 28】 （ A
20、） by （ B） at （ C） within （ D） in 29 【 29】 （ A） which （ B） though （ C） where （ D） when 30 【 30】 （ A） Although （ B） As （ C） So （ D） For 31 【 31】 （ A） still （ B） even （ C） yet （ D） too 32 【 32】 （ A） being called （ B） calling （ C） called （ D） having called 33 【 33】 （ A） experiences （ B） experiments （ C）
21、 explanations （ D） examples 34 【 34】 （ A） much （ B） many （ C） largely （ D） mainly 35 【 35】 （ A） took time （ B） took office （ C） took the floor （ D） took place 36 【 36】 （ A） word （ B） suggestion （ C） advice （ D） idea 37 【 37】 （ A） under （ B） on （ C） with （ D） without 38 【 38】 （ A） effect （ B） shape （
22、 C） look （ D） colour 39 【 39】 （ A） That （ B） It （ C） They （ D） He 40 【 40】 （ A） at worst （ B） at least （ C） at last （ D） at most Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 When the vote was
23、 finally taken, it was 3:45 in the morning, After six months of arguing and the final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wished to die. The measure was pas
24、sed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost at the same time word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on through the groups on-line service, Death Net. Hofsess said: “We posted bulletin
25、s all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.“ The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have b
26、reathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to, live groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community a
27、ttitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In America and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start failing. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult pa
28、tient can request deathprobably by a deadly injection or pillto put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off“ period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. 48 hours later, the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd
29、 Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I
30、am afraid of is how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks.“ he says. 41 From the second paragraph we learn that _. （ A） the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries （ B） physicians and citizens have the same view on eutha
31、nasia （ C） technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law （ D） it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed 42 By saying that “observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling“, the author means that _. （ A） observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards th
32、e future of euthanasia （ B） there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U.S. and Canada （ C） observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure （ D） the process of the bill taking effect may Finally come to a stop 43 When Lloyd Nickson is close to death, he will _. （ A） unde
33、rgo a cooling off period of seven days （ B） experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient （ C） have an intense fear of terrible suffering （ D） face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia 44 What is the authors attitude towards euthanasia? （ A） Hostile. （ B） Suspicious. （ C） Approvi
34、ng. （ D） Indifferent. 45 We can infer from the text that the author believes the success of the right-to-die movement is _. （ A） only a matter of time （ B） far from certain （ C） just an illusion （ D） a shattered hope 45 Decision-making is a complex business subject which combines the most complicate
35、d elements of the operation al and theoretical aspects of management. The ability to use the decision-making process is often determined by environmental factors rather than the steps in some “ideal“ model. Decisions are frequently influenced more by the environment and structure of the organization
36、 than by the method itself. The process of decision-making will, therefore, be examined in light of environmental factors. One of these factorssocial and cultural backgroundaffects the interaction among people involved in, the decision-making process and provides the cultural framework within which
37、they may comfortably operate. The best alter native for solving a problem, for example, might be to replace an employee who is unsuitable for a position. However, if in the societys culture there is a tradition of lifetime employment with one company, that alternative is not really feasible because
38、of social and cultural restrictions. With regard to the structure of an organization, there are numerous factors that may alter the “ideal“ decision making process. The amount of flexibility within an organization and the available resources (such as facilities, technology, or fiscal reserves) are o
39、ften controlling factors. The amount of data available may also limit the range of alter natives that can be considered. Another organizational factor is the importance of the decision being made related to other problems and responsibilities of management. The relative importance of one decision is
40、 weighed against the amount of effort involved in finding a solution and the benefit the company will receive from its implementation. Three other factors also influence the following of a model decision process: time, creativity and risk. The amount of time available to make a decision for a given
41、problem is often determined by the environment, not the management. The time factor may affect the creativity of the solution to a problem. The risk related to a particular course of action may be lessened by use of a group rather than an individual decision-maker. Time, resources, and culture may a
42、ffect the work ability of a group process, although research shows that groups often come up with better solutions than individuals. Decision theory and the “ideal“ decision-making model tend to picture the process as one in which managers operate by themselves, free of restrictions of time, data, a
43、nd resources. The reality of the decision process is much less a step-by-step procedure than it is a series of practical considerations directly influenced by the social, cultural, and organizational environment. 46 The decision-making process is often influenced by _. （ A） the operational aspects o
44、f management （ B） the theoretical aspects of management （ C） the environment and structure of the organization （ D） the method of decision-making itself 47 The social and cultural background can affect _. （ A） the interaction among people involved in the decision （ B） the cultural framework （ C） the
45、 traditional life-time employment （ D） the social and cultural restrictions 48 Which of the following is the least important factor that may alter the ideal decision-making process? （ A） The amount of flexibility within an organization. （ B） The control of data available. （ C） The amount of technica
46、l training the company can offer. （ D） The abundance of resources. 49 Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? （ A） The amount of time available is usually decided by management in decision-making. （ B） Individual decision-maker may lessen the risk of decision-making rather than a gr
47、oup. （ C） The reality of decision process concerns without time. （ D） Decision theory is not thoroughly suitable to the reality. 50 Groups of experts often come up with _. （ A） better solutions than individuals （ B） worse solutions than individuals （ C） no solution at all （ D） a lot of solutions 50
48、Mans puzzlement and preoccupation with time both derive ultimately from his unique relationship to it. All animals exist in time and are changed by it; only man can control it. Like Proust, the French author whose experiences became his literary capital, man can recapture the past. He can also summo
49、n up things to come, displaying imagination and foresight along with memory. It really can be argued, that memory and foresightedness are the essence of intelligence; that mans ability to manipulate time, to employ both past and future as guides to present action, is what makes him human. To be sure, many animals can react to time after a fashion. A rat can learn to press a lever that will, after a delay of some 25 seco
