1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 81及答案与解析 PART A Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twic
2、e. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. 1 Julia confirming dinner on (1)_. 2 The video recorder is ready, the cost of the repairs (2)_. 3 The textbook Mary ordered is (3)_. 4 4. Nick needs his (4)_.taken back to the collge before 12:00. 5 Dr Boyds new appointment is on (5)_. PART B Direc
3、tions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below. 6 What type of car would the customer like to choose? 7 How long will the customer require to rent
4、the car? 8 How much did the customer agree to pay for the rent per day? 9 Where will the customer pick up the car? 10 How will the customer pay for the rent? PART C Directions: You will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the ques
5、tions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE. 11 Who is Barbara going to shop with? （ A） Tom. （ B） Tim and Mary. （ C） Mary and Tom. （ D） To
6、m, Mary and Tim. 12 How is Barbara traveling to the shops tomorrow? （ A） By bus. （ B） On foot. （ C） By taxi. （ D） By underground. 13 What time are they going to meet? （ A） At 9:30. （ B） At 10:30. （ C） At 8:30. （ D） At 8:00. 14 Why is the study important to human? （ A） Because people have an interest
7、 in childrens learning. （ B） Because it leads to greater understanding of language. （ C） Because it encourages the researchers to work hard. （ D） Because it is good to childrens health. 15 How many periods of time do the researchers study on childrens language development? （ A） Two. （ B） Three. （ C）
8、 Four. （ D） Five. 16 Which of the following is true about children under five? （ A） They begin to make linguistic analysis. （ B） They begin to develop both phonological and grammatical competence. （ C） They begin to have semantic competence. （ D） A and B. 17 What does Tom threaten to do if he cant g
9、et what he wants? （ A） To shout out in front of the others. （ B） Not to leave the bosss office. （ C） To accuse the company. （ D） To quit his job. 18 When is this lecture given? （ A） Just before the final exam. （ B） During the first week of classes. （ C） During the second week of classes. （ D） After
10、the second laboratory quiz. 19 How would the vitalist view the functions of the mind? （ A） The mind can be completely understood through scientific observation. （ B） The mind may function separately from the brain. （ C） The mind is too complex to be considered part of the “vital force“. （ D） The min
11、d and the brain have the same chemical and physical functions. 20 What does the professor tell her students to do? （ A） Transfer to the introductory class. （ B） Write an essay about vitalism and mechanism. （ C） Take an article home and read it. （ D） Decide whether they are mechanists or vitalists. 一
12、、 Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Some call it the Smart Shooter, a new rifle for American infantry troops that is two weapons in one, is accurate up to 1,000 yards an
13、d in 【 21】 _ fires 【 22】_ corners. Its message to enemies is that they can run but they cant hide. Still in the development phase, the rifle for 2006 has just been 【 23】 _ off with great 【 24】 _ by the Pentagon to members of Congress who will be asked to 【 25】 _ the money. The makers, Alliant Techsy
14、stems, say that the weapon will revolutionize 【 26】 _ combat much as the machine gun. Pentagon jargon has given the new gun a(an) 【 27】 _ title: the Objective Individual Combat Weapon. 【 28】 _ one trigger, the rifle can fire a standard 5.56mm Nato bullet and a 20mm high explosive shell that will bur
15、st in the air. It can 【 29】 _ shrapnel behind, 【 30】 _ or even from the side of enemy troops who have taken 【 31】 _ behind a building. The shell can be 【 32】 _ to explode after a short delay. The weapons 1,000 yard accuracy is twice 【 33】 _ of other rifles, made possible by a laser system built into
16、 the sight. This rangefinder fixes the target, measures the distance and passes it along to a computer chip in the shell. The gunsight has an infrared lens for night 【 34】 _ . It can also have video camera with a zoom lens that is linked to a video display attached to the soldiers helmet, allowing h
17、im to aim 【 35】 _ without exposing himself to enemy return fire. But there are snags still be 【 36】 _ out. Two men were 【 37】 _ when a shell burst in a barrel during firing tests. The rifle weighs more than 18lb. There are questions whether its electronic innards will be rugged enough for rain, snow
18、 and difficult 【 38】 _ . Michael Klare, a professor of peace and world security issues and a board member of the Arms Control Association, says that the Pentagon is seeking this combination of firepower and automation to compensate for the uncertain aim of GIs. He said: “Soldiers wont have to worry
19、about careful steady aim. Theyll just look 【 39】 _ the viewfinder and 【 40】 _ the trigger.“ 21 【 21】 （ A） reality （ B） affect （ C） effect （ D） operation 22 【 22】 （ A） at （ B） in （ C） beyond （ D） around 23 【 23】 （ A） put （ B） shown （ C） checked （ D） given 24 【 24】 （ A） pride （ B） anxiety （ C） honor （
20、 D） expectation 25 【 25】 （ A） put up （ B） count in （ C） pay for （ D） look for 26 【 26】 （ A） land （ B） ground （ C） earth （ D） base 27 【 27】 （ A） novel （ B） brilliant （ C） powerful （ D） awkward 28 【 28】 （ A） Used （ B） Fixed （ C） Using （ D） Fixing 29 【 29】 （ A） spray （ B） spatter （ C） splash （ D） sprin
21、kle 30 【 30】 （ A） over （ B） on （ C） above （ D） upon 31 【 31】 （ A） aim （ B） cover （ C） risks （ D） heed 32 【 32】 （ A） estimated （ B） calculated （ C） seeded （ D） timed 33 【 33】 （ A） as （ B） that （ C） than （ D） much 34 【 34】 （ A） vision （ B） sight （ C） observation （ D） speculation 35 【 35】 （ A） exactly
22、（ B） precisely （ C） accurately （ D） correctly 36 【 36】 （ A） removed （ B） ironed （ C） made （ D） drawn 37 【 37】 （ A） injured （ B） hurt （ C） harmed （ D） wounded 38 【 38】 （ A） terrain （ B） domain （ C） field （ D） territory 39 【 39】 （ A） at （ B） over （ C） into （ D） through 40 【 40】 （ A） push （ B） pull （ C
23、） press （ D） jerk Part B Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard“, the social sciences as “soft“, and the biological scie
24、nces as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in mm are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and th
25、e probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowled
26、ge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, figh
27、ting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience. In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, even of earths geological history, can
28、 easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security“ of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences
29、 as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared
30、 with the rich records of the social systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme. Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have act
31、ually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly insecure. 41 The text is mainly, about _. （ A） the relation between physical sciences and social sciences （ B） the reaso
32、ns of reversing traditional classification of physical and social science （ C） social science is more available than physical science （ D） classification of the physical sciences as “hard“ and the social sciences as “soft“ 42 According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physi
33、cal sciences as “hard“ and the social sciences as “soft“ because_. （ A） a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences （ B） our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems （ C） our understanding of the social system is approximately corre
34、ct （ D） we can investigate social phenomena better than physical phenomena 43 The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because_. （ A） it is not based on personal experience （ B） new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences （
35、 C） it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data （ D） the records of social systems are more reliable 44 The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because （ A） contradictory theories keep emerging all the time （ B） new information is constantly co
36、ming in_. （ C） our knowledge of it is highly insecure （ D） only a very small sample of it has been observed 45 45 We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social system because_. （ A） theories of its origin and history are varied （ B） our knowledge of it is highly insecure （
37、 C） only a very small sample of it has been observed （ D） few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy 45 There is a great deal of controversy within the medical profession regarding the use and value of the coronary bypass procedure, and for more than eight years the American Heart Associa
38、tion has discussed the question at its regular scientific sessions. The bypass operation consists of open heart surgery in which the physician takes a vein from the patients leg and implants it near the heart to construct a passage around the blockage in a clogged artery so that blood can flow freel
39、y by. The operation performed on about 100,000 persons a year in the US and costs approximately $10,000. The procedure is designed to relieve tie pain of angina pectoris which occurs when the blood supplys obstructed and also to allow the patient more freedom of sustained activity. In persons with a
40、dvanced heart disease and blockage in several arteries, the bypass operation is considered by most doctors to be the preferable means of prolonging life. In the case of those with a less advanced disease, or where only one artery is involved, the advisability of the procedure is much more controvers
41、ial. The operation doesnt cure the disease that caused the blocked artery in the first place. According to some studies, somewhere around half of the patients have another blocked artery within five years, and in some cases even within one year. There is of course a mortality rate in any major opera
42、tion which varies from physician to physician and hospital to hospital. The danger to the patient is greatly increased if he is in generally poor condition, very advanced in age, or suffering from some serious or debilitating illness. It is essential that the operation be performed by a skilled surg
43、eon knowledgeable about this particular technique and in a hospital with the best possible facilities for his use. 46 What is the text revealing? （ A） How to make the coronary bypass operation. （ B） An objective introduction of the coronary bypass operation. （ C） The controversy within the medical p
44、rofession on the coronary bypass procedure. （ D） A complete refusal of coronary bypass operation 47 A coronary bypass is an operation_. （ A） to replace the blocked artery with a new one （ B） to construct a passage around a blocked artery （ C） to cut off the blocked artery （ D） to take a vein from th
45、e patients leg 48 Many doctors believe that the bypass operation_. （ A） is a better way of prolonging ones life （ B） is the only solution to the blockage of one artery （ C） should be used to prevent advanced diseases （ D） has no effect at all on serious patients 49 What is the result of the bypass o
46、peration? （ A） The patient is relieved of pain. （ B） The patients artery condition is improved considerably. （ C） The patient has a 50% chance of undergoing another operation within five years. （ D） The patient wont suffer from heart disease any more. 50 It is better that the bypass operation be per
47、formed_. （ A） by a skilled surgeon （ B） in a hospital with good facilities （ C） while the patient is not suffering from other serious illnesses （ D） when the patient is in very poor health condition 50 Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given grou
48、p of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among la
49、nguages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized gro
