1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend
3、during their lifetime, and consider other “friends“ to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to “compartmentalize“(划分 )friendships, having “friends at work“, “
4、friends on the softball team“, “family friends“, etc. Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque (无礼的 ) or impatient. They want to get to know you as qu
5、ickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal. No insult is intended) the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the sa
6、me goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American“ in which you may be interested. So much so in fact th
7、at you may become tired of listening. It doesnt matter, because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence. On the other hand, dont expect Americans to be knowledgeab
8、le about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world. 1 The general topic of the passage is_. （ A） American culture （ B） Amer
9、ican society （ C） Americans activities （ D） Americans personality 2 Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? （ A） Americans do not like to depend on other people. （ B） Friendships among Americans tend to be casual. （ C） Americans know a lot about international affairs.
10、 （ D） Americans always seem to be on the go. 3 The phrase “highly charged“ (Para. 2) most probably means_. （ A） extremely free （ B） highly responsible （ C） very cheerful （ D） full of mobility and change 4 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） Americans want to participate in all kinds of a
11、ctivities （ B） Americans character is affected by their social and geographical environment （ C） Americans do not know how to deal with silence （ D） curiosity is characteristic of Americans 5 According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because_. （ A） they are not interes
12、ted in other countries （ B） they are too proud of themselves （ C） their country does not have many neighboring nations （ D） they are too busy to learn about other countries 5 Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星 ) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmo
13、sphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are scr
14、eened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem“. Scie
15、ntists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0. 1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex o
16、rgans may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed (畸形的 ) children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated a large amount of rems. So far, n
17、o dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage
18、done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far. 6 According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that_. （ A） it protects him against the harmful rays from space （ B） it provides sufficient light for plant growth （ C） it supplies the heat necessary for
19、 human survival （ D） it screens off the falling meteors 7 We know from the passage that_. （ A） exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal （ B） the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming （ C） radiation is avoidable in space exploration （ D） astronauts in spacesuits neednt worry ab
20、out radiation damage 8 The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members_. （ A） is insignificant （ B） seems overestimated （ C） is enormous （ D） remains unknown 9 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） the Apollo mission was very successful （ B） protection from space radiation is no eas
21、y job （ C） astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren （ D） radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers 10 The best title for this passage would be_. （ A） The Atmosphere and Our Environment （ B） Research on Radiation （ C） Effects of Space Radiation （ D） Importance of Prot
22、ection Against Radiation 10 The temperature of the Sun is over 5 000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the Sun, the pr
23、essures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the Sun can never be directly observed. Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside a
24、nd going down into the Sun, the zones are the corona (日冕 , 光环层 )，chromosphere (色球层 )， photosphere (光球层 )， convection zone(对流层 )， and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the Suns atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and t
25、he main body of the Sun begins. The Suns outermost layer begins about 10 000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse (日 食 ) such as the one in February, 1979. At any other time, the corona can be seen
26、 only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the Suns rays. The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The coronas rays flash out in a brilliant fa
27、n that has wispy (纤细的 ) spike-like rays near the Suns north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the Suns equator. The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than two million degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as the
28、y reach the space around the planets. By the time the Suns corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible. 11 There may be a solid core at the center of the Sun_. （ A） because the pressures are great （ B） for the temperature is not high enough （ C） in spite of the great pressures （ D） beca
29、use of the high temperature 12 What is the main topic of the passage? （ A） The great pressures of the Sun. （ B） The high temperature of the Sun. （ C） The structure of the Sun. （ D） How the Sun evolved. 13 All of the following are parts of the Suns atmosphere EXCEPT the_. （ A） convection zone （ B） ch
30、romosphere （ C） corona （ D） photosphere 14 According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become_. （ A） darker （ B） weaker （ C） cooler （ D） clearer 15 The paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss which of the following? （ A） The other stars in the universe. （ B） The
31、 rays from other planets. （ C） The evolution of the Sun to its present form. （ D） The remaining layers of the Sun. 15 For all young Australians who are neither certified as insane nor serving prison sentences of a year or more, a solemn public duty follows hot on the heels of the excitement of their
32、 twenty-first birthday. They must register as voters. Having done so, they cannot, as can some American or English adults if they so wish, then forget all about it voting is compulsory in Australia. Failure to vote without a “true, valid, and sufficient reason“ can result in a fine for an Australian
33、 citizen. Australians must vote frequently, too, for in proportion to its size, Australia is a much-governed country. For its ten million persons it has seven parliaments one for each of six states and one commonwealth, or federal, parliament with representatives from all states. Every adult, unless
34、 he lives in one of the two territories that do not have state status, must do his share in electing both state and federal representatives. Whats more, with only one exception, these parliaments have two houses each and comprise among them 701 members. This may seem a great many politicians to gove
35、rn Australias relatively small population of ten million especially when one considers that 630 members of Britains House of Commons govern forty million people. But just as government in the United States and England developed gradually as the result of events in those two countries, so the Austral
36、ian system has developed in response to the needs of the nation. 16 What follows an Australians twenty-first birthday? （ A） Termination of any prison sentence. （ B） Public solemnity. （ C） Voting in a national election. （ D） Registration to vote. 17 One unusual aspect of voting in Australia is that i
37、t_. （ A） requires voters to pay a fee （ B） is allowed to those under the age of 21 （ C） is compulsory （ D） is always preceded by registration 18 An Australian may be fined for_. （ A） failing to vote （ B） not voting for the right person （ C） voting while in prison （ D） not registering on his twenty-f
38、irst birthday 19 Australia is described as_in the passage. （ A） much governed （ B） populous （ C） sparsely settled （ D） politically unorganized 20 The passage implies that_. （ A） Britains House of Commons has 701 members （ B） the Australian system works well in Australia （ C） the U. S. system of gove
39、rnment developed slowly （ D） elections are more frequent in Australia than in England 20 Human beings act in a different way from that of animals just because they can speak while animals cannot. Even the cleverest animals cannot do things which to us seem very simple and which small children, as so
40、on as they learn to talk, would be able to do. A German scientist, who made experiments for many years with big apes, found that his apes could use sticks as tools to pull down bananas which they could not reach. But they only used the stick to get a banana when both the stick and the banana were in
41、 view at the same time. If the banana was in front of them and the stick was behind them, they could not use the stick. They could not bear the banana in mind long enough to look around and pick up the stick and then use it. The reason for this is clear. We have words for banana and stick which help
42、 us to think about these things when they are not in sight. Even a small child knowing the words “banana“ and “stick“ has an idea of their relationship and is able to think of “stick“ together with “banana“ and to remember this long enough to pick the stick from behind and use it on the banana. Unab
43、le to speak, animals cannot keep their knowledge of things for long. That is why they often interrupt one line of action to something else and later forget it completely. Human beings, on the other hand, use language and are able to go after one thing continuously and do it with a definite aim. 21 H
44、uman beings and animals act very differently because_. （ A） human beings know how to use a stick while animals dont know （ B） human beings can think while animals cant （ C） human beings have a good memory while animals havent （ D） human beings can speak while animals cant 22 The German scientist mad
45、e experiments in order to_. （ A） find that animals were as clever as human beings （ B） show that his apes could use sticks as tools to get bananas （ C） prove that animals had no words for keeping memory of something （ D） find out that some animals could use tools to get food but have no words to kee
46、p things in mind 23 From the passage, we can learn that the reason why the ape could not get the banana if the stick was behind him while the banana was in front of him is_. （ A） that the ape was unable to find where the stick was （ B） that the ape forgot about the banana when it turned around to fi
47、nd the stick （ C） that the ape didnt see the banana and the stick in the meanwhile and it couldnt remember the banana long enough to get the stick and use it （ D） that the ape was not clever enough to catch sight of the banana and the stick at the same time 24 Which of the following statements is tr
48、ue according to the passage? （ A） Clever animals can do all the things that small children can do. （ B） The apes always knew how to get the banana when they saw either the banana or the stick. （ C） Children know the words “banana“ and “stick“ which help them bear the banana and the stick in mind. （
49、D） The apes can do things like human beings if they can think. 25 What is the basic difference between human beings and animals in doing things in conclusion? （ A） Language. （ B） Memory. （ C） Purpose. （ D） Thinking. 在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 18答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,
