1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 71及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can
3、 reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. Its easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk aw
4、ay not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But its disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.
5、 The computer criminals who have been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔 ) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transaction
6、s. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向 透露 ) the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment demanding not only that they not be charged but that they
7、be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in
8、 open court of how he juggled (耍弄 ) the most confidential records right under the noses of the companys executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. 1 It can be concluded from the passag
9、e that_. （ A） it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today （ B） computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions （ C） computer criminals can escape punishment because they cant be detected （ D） people commit computer crimes at the request of their com
10、pany 2 It is implied in the third paragraph that_. （ A） many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered （ B） the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem （ C） most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes （ D） most computer criminals who are caught b
11、lame their bad luck 3 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? （ A） A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced. （ B） Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information. （ C） Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation. （ D） Companies
12、usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes. 4 What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? （ A） With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job. （ B） They will be denied access to confidential records. （ C） They may walk away and easily find another job. （ D） They must leave t
13、he country or go to jail. 5 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections （ B） why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment （ C） how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers （ D） why com
14、puter crimes cant be eliminated 5 The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. J
15、ust to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is deffned as classified knowledge (facts). Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as lo
16、ng as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist con-tinues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanatio
17、n should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion. The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end special
18、ists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy. Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific pur
19、poses for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science. Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate
20、application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to
21、the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic a
22、bout ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied. 6 To define science we may simply call it_. （ A） the study of unrelated subjects （ B） an attempt to explain natural phenomena （ C） the study of unrelated fields （ D） classified
23、 knowledge 7 Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, _. （ A） may lead to antiscientific, “impure“ results （ B） necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell （ C） is not always as pure as we suppose （ D） necessarily results from applied science and the di
24、scovery of a cell 8 A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach_. （ A） applied science （ B） agricultural science （ C） pure science （ D） environmental science 9 Which of the following statements does the author imply? （ A） Scientists engaged
25、 in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries. （ B） Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science. （ C） In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction. （ D） Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and obj
26、ectives of pure science. 10 The best title for the passage is_. （ A） The Nature of Science and Scientists （ B） Biology and the Scientific Age （ C） Hypotheses and Theories （ D） On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction 10 One day in 1848 a carpenter named Marshall, who worked in a saw mill on the American
27、River in California, made a remarkable discovery. He noticed some bright yellow particles in the water, bent down to pick them up and took them to his partner, a Mr. Sutter. This was the beginning of the Californian Gold Rush. Sutter was a Swiss who had come to America some years earlier to make his
28、 fortune. The governor of California had given him permission to found a settlement in the Sacramento Valley and his determination and energy had made him rich. He had built the mill in partnership with Marshall in order to make use of the abundant natural resources of his land. Sutter realized the
29、importance of the discovery and decided to file a claim so that his right to the gold would be established. So he sent a man named Bennet to San Francisco to see the governor. He warned Bennet not to tell anyone in case people came to the valley before his claim was recognized. Bennet could not keep
30、 the secret but the people of San Francisco did not believe him at first. Then the editor of a weekly newspaper there, San Brannan, went to Sutters mill to make a report. When he came back he ran through the streets of the town shouting “Gold! Gold!“ Within a month almost the entire population, then
31、 only 800 people, had gone to look for the precious metal. Soldiers deserted the army, sailors left their ships and men gave up their jobs so as not to miss the chance of becoming rich. The news spread across America to Europe and thousands of people joined in the search. Those who went by ship had
32、to sail round Cape Horn to reach California but some chose the overland route across America and wagon trains were formed for travelers to make the journey. Even then there were some who were prepared to cross the terrible desert of Death Valley in order to reach the gold a few days before the rest.
33、 The Gold Rush proved a disaster for Sutter himself. For years he tried to evict (逐出 ) the prospectors (探矿者 , 勘探者 ) from his property so that his family might enjoy the wealth of his land, but his business was ruined. The prospectors did a great deal of damage and killed one of his sons, and at the
34、end of his life he was a poor man who continually stopped people in the street to tell them that Gold is the devil. 11 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） How gold was found in California by Marshall. （ B） How Sutter became rich and then poor. （ C） How people began the Californian Gold Rush. （ D）
35、 How people went to California for gold. 12 Sutter sent Bennet to San Francisco to_. （ A） spread the news of the gold to the governor （ B） prevent people from coming to Sacramento valley （ C） make sure that any gold found on his land would belong to him （ D） ask the governor for permission to establ
36、ish a settlement 13 Wagon trains were formed so that_. （ A） none of the gold rushers would get lost （ B） groups of people could cross the continent （ C） people could get to the desert very quickly （ D） travelers could cover the Death Valley safely 14 Some people wanted to cross Death Valley in that_
37、. （ A） it could save them a lot of money （ B） the route was not bad as expected （ C） they could spend less time on the trip （ D） they could take advantage of the weather 15 Sutter was finally ruined because the prospectors_. （ A） drove him out of his farmland （ B） killed one of his sons （ C） took al
38、l the gold and money from him （ D） prevented him from using his property 15 Life really should be one long journey of joy for children born with a world of wealth at their feet. Internationally famous child doctor Robert Coles is the worlds top expert on the influence of money on children. He has wr
39、itten a well-known book on the subject, The Privileged Ones and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little. “Obviously there are certain advantages to being rich,“ says the 53-year-old doctor, “such as better health, education and future work prospe
40、cts. But most important is the quality of family life. Money cant buy love. “ It can buy a lot of other things, however, and thats where the trouble starts. Rich kids have so much to choose from that they often become confused. Over-indulgence by their parents can make them spoilt. They tend to trav
41、el more than other children, from home to home and country to country, which causes feelings of restlessness. “But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the world,“ adds Mr Coles, “and they are more self-assured. “ The rich children inherit the property from their parents
42、and enjoy a high income. So money will never be one of their problems. “However, they will have a sense of isolation,“ warns Dr Coles, “and they could suffer from the hardship of not being able to deal with the everyday world because they will never really be given the chance. Everything they have a
43、chieved is because of an accident of birth. There can be no tremendous inner satisfaction about that. “ Todays wealthy parents perhaps realize their riches can be more of a heavy load than a happiness to their children. So the first thing for them to consider is to ensure that their families are as
44、rich in love as they are in money. 16 In his book The Privileged Ones, Dr Coles implies that_. （ A） there are fewer problems in the rich family than the poor family （ B） rich children live a life of separation from the world （ C） rich children usually enjoy more love than poor children （ D） the qual
45、ity of rich childrens family life may not be high 17 In the doctors view, _. （ A） there are both advantages and disadvantages to being rich （ B） travelling a lot will be beneficial to children （ C） rich children usually have little confidence in themselves （ D） rich kids are often short of money bec
46、ause of their luxury 18 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? （ A） Rich children usually lead a life of happiness. （ B） Rich children have earned what they have. （ C） Rich children tend to feel isolated. （ D） Rich children are hardly given too many material things. 19 A
47、ccording to the author of the passage, _. （ A） life is really a long journey of joy for rich children （ B） the rich children feel greatly satisfied with the property they inherit from their parents （ C） it is most important for wealthy parents to make sure that their families are rich in love as wel
48、l as in money （ D） today all the wealthy parents are sure of the problems their money can bring 20 It seems that the author of the passage_what Dr Coles says in the book The Privileged Ones. （ A） knows little about （ B） is doubtful about （ C） is opposed to （ D） agrees with 20 Very old people do rais
49、e moral problems for almost everyone who comes into contact with them. Their values this cant be repeated too often are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying (腐烂 ) food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live w
