1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 92及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your an
2、swer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 Today I am going to tell you something about President Chester Arthur and his civil service reform. Chester Arthur was elected vice-president of the United States in 1880. In the summer of 1881 President James Garfield was assassinate
3、d. A few hours after the Presidents death, Chester Arthur took the oath of office. President Arthur had been a successful lawyer and worked in politics for many years, but he had never held an elected office, so in the beginning, some Americans questioned his ability to serve in the White House. Pre
4、sident Arthur surprised them; his success in the reform of the civil service system won him much support from the people. In his first message to Congress President Arthur proposed a new civil service system that would let ability, not politics, decide who got government jobs. The Republican Party l
5、eaders opposed this proposal because the civil service system would stop them form giving federal jobs to their supporters. It would destroy much of their power. These Republican leaders controlled the Congress. They refused to act on the civil service proposal. New cases of dishonesty were discover
6、ed in government departments. The public began to demand laws to clean up the civil service. In 1882 a new Congress was elected. The new Congress was controlled by the Democratic Party. President Arthur again appealed for civil service reform. This time he got results. The new Congress passed the Ci
7、vil Service Bill, which required 10 percent of all federal jobs to be filled through competitive examinations. This 10 percent included most workers at the Federal Customs Houses and half the officials in the Post Office Department. Chester Arthurs efforts for honest government won him much support
8、from the people, but he could not win the support of his own Republican Party. He failed to win the Presidential nomination in the Republican Nominating Convention in 1884. Questions: 1 Which of the following sentences is True according to the passage? （ A） Chester Arthur killed President James Garf
9、ield and took the oath of office. （ B） Chester Arthur had worked in politics for many years and held an elected office. （ C） Chester Arthur was turned down by Congress when he first put forward his proposal for the new civil service system. （ D） Chester Arthur was strongly opposed by Congress and th
10、e common people after he carried out his civil service reform. 2 What happened in 1882 according to the passage? （ A） Chester Arthur became the vice president in the United States. （ B） President James Garfield was murdered and Chester Arthur held the office. （ C） A lot of new cases of corruption in
11、 the government were discovered. （ D） Chester Arthur succeeded in civil service reforming with the help of Congress. 3 What were Chester Arthurs achievements during his presidency according to the author? （ A） His successful civil service reform and his efforts for honest government. （ B） His succes
12、s in dealing with criminals and his ability to serve people. （ C） His work in politics for many years and his reform of examinations. （ D） His powerful control of people and his proposal of a new civil service system. 4 Why did Chester Arthur fail in the 1884 presidential election? （ A） Because the
13、officials in the Federal Customs Houses didnt support and vote for him. （ B） Because he lost the support of Republican Party and couldnt win the nomination. （ C） Because he punished too many corrupted officials and workers in the Post Office Department. （ D） Because he lost the support of public and
14、 failed to win the presidential nomination. 5 This passage seems most likely to be_. （ A） a speech given by a teacher （ B） a lecture provided by an economist （ C） a review written by a journalist （ D） an editorial published in a newspaper 5 What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in
15、 early Americabreakthrough such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine? Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the Ameri
16、can genius for nonverbal, “spatial“ thinking about things technological. Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometr
17、y and trigonometry. Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, “With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workm
18、an. “ A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium“ system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives. In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were a
19、warded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to
20、that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process The designer and the inventor.
21、 are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. “ This nonverbal “spatial“ thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letter
22、s of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. “ When all these shaping forces schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that
23、 American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence. Questions: 6 According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to_. （ A） eleme
24、ntary schools （ B） enthusiastic workers （ C） the attractive premium system （ D） a special way of thinking 7 It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics_. （ A） benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge （ B） shed light on disciplined school management （ C）
25、 was brought about by privileged home training （ D） owed a lot to the technological development 8 A technologist can be compared to an artist because_. （ A） they are both winners of awards （ B） they are both experts in spatial thinking （ C） they both apply various instruments （ D） they both give up
26、verbal description 9 What does the author mean by using the phrase “at home in“ in Paragraph 3? （ A） In ones own house. （ B） Familiar with. （ C） With ones family. （ D） Without any awkwardness. 10 The best title for this passage might be_. （ A） Outpouring of Inventions （ B） Ways of Thinking （ C） Inve
27、ntive Mind （ D） Effective Schooling 10 The International Labor Organization has studied reports on workers privacy in nineteen industrial nations. The study shows that electronic observation is most common in the United States. Many employers are using computers, cameras, listening devices and telep
28、hones to observe their workers. In the 300 businesses investigated in the U. S. more than 20 percent said they search computer records and listen to voice mail or electronic mail of their employees. Voice mail is a system for recording messages. Electronic mail, also called E-mail is messages sent b
29、etween computers. About 20 million American workers, from factory workers to highly paid engineers, may be under electronic observation. This does not include employers who listen to people using telephones on their jobs. The ILO study says that electronic observation is especially common in some in
30、dustries, such as telecommunications, insurance and banking. It also says the use of cameras is increasing in factories and stores in Japan and the use of technology to observe workers has grown rapidly in many other European industrial nations since 1985. Workers and worker organizations have major
31、 objections to electronic observation. They say it violates human rights and destroys the feeling of trust between workers and employers, because some employers use it to punish workers without the workers knowing the reason. They say it also makes it easier to learn private information about their
32、workers, and employers even have greater powers than law enforcement agencies to observe people. For example, police need court orders to listen to the telephone calls of suspected criminals, but no such order is required for a business that wants to listen to the phone calls of one of its workers.
33、The United States Congress is considering a bill to restrict the uses of electronic observation in work places. Employers will be required to tell workers if they are being observed. Questions: 11 Whats the purpose of the study conducted by the International Labor Organization? （ A） To find out whic
34、h country is the most developed one in the world. （ B） To see how the workers privacy is protected by the different countries. （ C） To learn what kinds of electronic observation are used in the world. （ D） To investigate the situation of workers privacy in 19 developed countries. 12 In which of the
35、following countries is the electronic observation most frequently used? （ A） In Japan. （ B） In Germany. （ C） In America. （ D） In France. 13 The employers observe their workers by using all of the following methods except that_. （ A） they listen to their employees voice mail and their phone calls on
36、their jobs （ B） they search their employees computer records and read their E-mails （ C） they use cameras to record their employees behaviors and activities at work （ D） they employ some detectives to trace their employees after their office hour 14 According to the passage, what kinds of workers ma
37、y be under electronic observation in the U. S. ? （ A） Factory workers. （ B） Employers in a company. （ C） Well-paid engineers. （ D） Both A and C. 15 What kind of attitude do the workers and worker organization have towards the electronic observation? （ A） Opposition. （ B） Approval. （ C） Objectivity.
38、（ D） Suspicion. 15 The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness. As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places, some of the countrys m
39、ost talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2 500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms. These re
40、cent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience. A typical hospital waiting room m
41、ight have as many as 5 000 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhibitions of art? Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1975. Believed to be Britains first hospital artist, Senior was so much in
42、demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates. The effects are striking. Instead of the familiar long, barren corridors and stark waiting rooms, the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colours, playful images and restful courtyards. The quality of the environment ma
43、y reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view on to a garden needed half the number of strong painkillers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at. Questions: 16 Compared with th
44、e total number of Britains National Health Service hospitals, the hospitals which have art collections takes up only_. （ A） 4% （ B） 10% （ C） 25% （ D） 50% 17 We can learn from the passage that Peter Senior_. （ A） is a physician who is interested in painting （ B） is an artist who has a large collectio
45、n of pictures （ C） is a pioneer who introduces art into hospitals （ D） is a patient who is faithful in hospital art 18 According to Peter Senior, which of the following is true? （ A） Art should be encouraged in British hospitals. （ B） Art is losing its audience in modern society. （ C） Art galleries
46、should be changed into hospitals. （ D） Art should be spread to the patients in hospitals. 19 After the improvement of the hospital environment, what happened according to the passage? （ A） Patients no longer needed drugs in their recovery. （ B） Patients were not wholly dependent on expensive medicin
47、e. （ C） Patients needed good-quality drugs in their recovery. （ D） Patients used fewer pain killers in their recovery. 20 The fact that six young art school graduates joined Peter shows that_. （ A） Peters enterprise is developing very rapidly （ B） Peter Senior gains much more popularity （ C） the six
48、 young men are talented hospital artists （ D） the quality of hospital environment is being noticed 在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷 92答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statement
49、s. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第 1题问按照文章内容下面哪个句子是正确的。这是一道判断是非题。我们可以针对四个选择项提供的信息，利用查阅式阅读的方法排除错误选项，找出正确答案 C： Arthur第一次提出新公务员制度时被国会否决了。文章第一段指出， 1881年夏季， Arthur于总统 James Garfield遇刺身亡后几个小时，宣誓就任了总统。他一直是一个成功 的律师，并且从事政治活动多年，但从来没当过总统。所以刚开始时，一些美国人怀疑他任职于白宫的能力。从这些内容，我们可以排除掉 A和 B两个选项。而 D项答案之所以是错误的，原因是最后一段的第一句话话中， Arthur廉政的努力和举措赢得了人民群众的支持，但却得不到他自己所在的共和党的拥护。所以本题的答案应选 C。而与 C相
