1、复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other_. （ A） bruises （ B） blunders （ C） handicaps （ D） drawbacks 2 Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was_in tropic countries. （ A） prospect
2、ive （ B） prevalent （ C） provocative （ D） perpetual 3 After several nuclear disasters, a_has raged over the safety of nuclear energy. （ A） quarrel （ B） suspicion （ C） verdict （ D） controversy 4 He is a(n)_and well-behaved child, but his parents worry about him for he talks too little. （ A） obedient （
3、 B） transient （ C） conscious （ D） passionate 5 Mary once_with another musician to compose a piece of pop music. （ A） merged （ B） collaborated （ C） coincided （ D） constituted 6 A man has to make_for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old. （ A） supply （ B） assurance （ C） provision （ D
4、） adjustment 7 Earl was balancing himself on top of the fence when he lost his_and fell off. （ A） equilibrium （ B） equivalence （ C） equivalent （ D） equation 8 The_of a society, club, etc, are the records of its doings, especially as published each year. （ A） procedures （ B） processes （ C） proceeding
5、s （ D） projects 9 Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves_know where to look. （ A） virtually （ B） initially （ C） invariably （ D） infinitely 10 Outsiders have_the success of Eastern Asias economics with admiration, wonderment and sometimes hostility. （ A） gazed （ B） glanced （ C） co
6、ntemplated （ D） peered 11 It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an_ plan. （ A） inherent （ B） ingenious （ C） infectious （ D） indulgent 12 There are some_between their two descriptions; we are puzzled which we should believe. （ A） discrepancies （ B） distractions （ C） diversions （ D） discre
7、tion 13 In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to_dreams were likely to be highly respected. （ A） interpret （ B） intervene （ C） inherit （ D） impact 14 Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on_. （ A） consciousness （ B） i
8、mpulse （ C） instinct （ D） response 15 Equipment not_official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop. （ A） conforming to （ B） consistent with （ C） predominant over （ D） providing for 16 According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically_to construct a pioneering spac
9、e colony, powered by solar energy. （ A） practical （ B） flexible （ C） feasible （ D） beneficial 17 Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly_to hot, dry winds. They are what we call weather-sensitive people. （ A） subjective （ B） subordinate （ C） liable （ D） vulnerable
10、 18 These areas rely on agriculture almost_, having few mineral recourses and a minimum of industrial development. （ A） respectively （ B） extraordinarily （ C） incredibly （ D） exclusively 19 There is no doubt that the_of these goods to the others is easy to see. （ A） prestige （ B） superiority （ C） pr
11、iority （ D） publicity 20 Military orders are_and cannot be disobeyed. （ A） defective （ B） conservative （ C） alternative （ D） imperative 21 Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of_grouping is advisable. （ A） homogenous （ B） instant
12、aneous （ C） spontaneous （ D） anonymous 22 All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons_slowly into the sky. （ A） ascending （ B） elevating （ C） escalating （ D） lingering 23 He obviously displayed a great_for some of your poems. （ A） consent （ B） admiration （ C）
13、 respect （ D） pleasure 24 The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause_of vegetables in the coming days. （ A） rarity （ B） scarcity （ C） invalidity （ D） variety 25 It is probably both that he is going to the meeting on time_by the morning traffic jam. （ A） and that he might be delayed （ B）
14、or that he might be delayed （ C） and he might be delayed （ D） otherwise that he might be delayed 26 With a wave of his hand, the magician made the duck_. （ A） scatter （ B） vanish （ C） abandon （ D） fly away 27 The point at_at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line. （ A） argument
15、（ B） controversy （ C） issue （ D） conflict 28 They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to_it because of the rainy weather. （ A） cancel （ B） eliminate （ C） delay （ D） prolong 29 This dictionary is_intended for American learners of Chinese. （ A） especially （ B） particularly （ C）
16、 specifically （ D） uniquely 30 A UN official said that aid programs would be_until there was adequate protection for relief convoy. （ A） depended （ B） suspended （ C） postponed （ D） expended 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life,women appear to be w
17、ay ahead in at least one undesirable category. Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,according to Dr. Yehuda,chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have sho
18、wn that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies,when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries(the female reproductive organs)removed,their chemical res
19、ponses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased “opportunities“ for stress.“lts not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,“ says Dr. Yehuda.“Their capacity for tolerating stress m
20、ay even be greater than mens,“ she observes, “its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.“ Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a c
21、hronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations,by,unfortunately,parents or other family numbers,and they tend not to b
22、e one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.“ Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son,but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my esc
23、ape,to go to school,and get ahead and do better.“ Later,her marriage ended and she became a single mother. Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager,have a job,pay the rent,pay the car payment,and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck. Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe ch
24、ronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations,with few breaks,and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function. 31 Which of the followin
25、g is TRUE according to the first two paragraphs? （ A） Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress. （ B） Women are still suffering much stress caused by men. （ C） Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress. （ D） Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress. 32
26、Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women_. （ A） need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress （ B） have limited capacity for tolerating stress （ C） are more capable of avoiding stress （ D） are exposed to more stress 33 According to Paragraph 4,the stress women confront tends to be_. （ A） domestic a
27、nd temporary （ B） irregular and violent （ C） durable and frequent （ D） trivial and random 34 The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.“(Line 6,Para. 5)shows that_. （ A） Alvarez cared about nothing but making money （ B） Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses （ C） Alvarez got pay
28、checks from different jobs （ D） Alvarez paid practically everything by check 35 Which of the following would be the best title for the text? （ A） Strain of Stress:No Way Out? （ B） Responses to Stress:Gender Difference （ C） Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say （ D） Gender Inequality:Women Under Stress
29、 35 It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comment
30、s received,the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher,and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. No longer. The Internet-and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commerci
31、al publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it-is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report,by John H
32、oughton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD,makes heavy reading for publishers who have,so far,made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now,been a key element of scientific endeavor. The value of knowledge and the ret
33、urn on the public investment in research depends,in part,upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America,the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $ 11 billion. The International Association of Scientific,Technical and Medical Publishers sa
34、ys that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. This is now changing. According to the OECD report,some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are eme
35、rging; three main institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published. Finally,there are open-access archives
36、,where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three,such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months,before making it freely available
37、 to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers. 36 In the first paragraph,the author discusses （ A） the background information of journal editing_. （ B） the publication routine of laboratory reports （ C
38、） the relations of authors with journal publishers （ D） the traditional process of journal publication 37 Which of the following is TRUE of the OECD report? （ A） It criticizes government-funded research. （ B） It introduces an effective means of publication. （ C） It upsets profit-making journal publi
39、shers. （ D） It benefits scientific research considerably. 38 According to the text,online publication is significant in that_. （ A） it provides an easier access to scientific results （ B） it brings huge profits to scientific researchers （ C） it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge （ D
40、） it facilitates public investment in scientific research 39 With the open-access publishing model,the author of a paper is required to_. （ A） cover the cost of its publication （ B） subscribe to the journal publishing it （ C） allow other online journals to use it freely （ D） complete the peer-review
41、 before submission 40 Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? （ A） The Internet is posing a threat to publishers. （ B） A new mode of publication is emerging. （ C） Authors welcome the new channel for publication. （ D） Publication is rendered easier by online service. 40 I
42、n the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA)listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,and managers
43、 have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames. The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago,todays people-especia
44、lly those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations-apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they arent likely to get any taller. “In the general population today,at this genetic, environmental level,weve pretty much gone as far as we can go,“ says anthropologist
45、 William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players,their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world. Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of 20,demands calories and nutrients-notably.pr
46、otein-to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century,under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved,children and adolescents have,on average,increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years,a pattern known as the secular trend in h
47、eight. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height-59“for men,54“for women-hasnt really changed since 1960. Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth,larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth cana
48、l. Moreover,even though humans have been u-pright for millions of years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organ
49、ism,“ says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University. Genetic maximums can change,but dont expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon,senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick.Mass. .ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that,unlike those for basketball,the length of military u-niforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict hu
