1、复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 He failed to cany out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to_the consequences. （ A） answer for （ B） run into （ C） abide by （ D） step into 2 The wealth of a country should be measured_the health and happiness of its people as well
2、as the material goods it can produce. （ A） in line with （ B） in terms of （ C） in regard to （ D） in case of 3 I tried very hard to persuade him to join our groups but I met with flat_. （ A） disapproval （ B） rejection （ C） refusal （ D） decline 4 It is strictly_that access to confidential documents is
3、denied to all but a few. （ A） secured （ B） forbidden （ C） regulated （ D） determined 5 Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be_with everyone who comes to the store. （ A） accepted （ B） admitted （ C） admired （ D） acquainted 6 To survive in the intense trade competition
4、between countries, we must_the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand. （ A） improve （ B） enhance （ C） guarantee （ D） gear 7 It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are_free medical care. （ A） entitled to （ B） involved in （ C） associated with （ D） assi
5、gned to 8 Your kindness in giving_to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated. （ A） importance （ B） advantage （ C） priority （ D） authority 9 Big businesses enjoy certain_that smaller ones do not have. （ A） transactions （ B） privileges （ C） subsidies （ D） substitutes 10 Peter
6、 will_as managing director when Bill retires. （ A） take off （ B） take over （ C） take to （ D） take up 11 One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about_. （ A） accordingly （ B） accidentally （ C） artificially （ D） additionally 12 Jack_to the manager for the m
7、istakes he had made. （ A） excused （ B） pardoned （ C） forgave （ D） apologized 13 _scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply. （ A） Late （ B） Later （ C） Latter （ D） Lately 14 This watch is_to all the other watches on the market （ A） superior （ B） advantageous （ C） super （ D） bene
8、ficial 15 Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally less expensive when they are in_. （ A） sale （ B） need （ C） season （ D） time 16 We can surely_all difficulties that may come up. （ A） get on （ B） come over （ C） get over （ D） come across 17 He_very quickly after his illness. （ A） recovered （ B） disc
9、overed （ C） uncovered （ D） covered 18 The designing of a satellite in the heavenly environment is _an easy job. （ A） by all means （ B） by any means （ C） by every means （ D） by no means 19 The good harvest_the price of strawberries. （ A） brought down （ B） cut out （ C） arose from （ D） added to 20 Most
10、 great artists are exceptionally_people. （ A） sensitized （ B） sensitive （ C） senseless （ D） sensory 21 He came back later, _which time they had left. （ A） after （ B） by （ C） from （ D） for 22 Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the_of their adolescence. （ A） crisis （ B）
11、criterion （ C） causality （ D） credibility 23 At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror_curiosity. （ A） put up with （ B） lived up to （ C） did away with （ D） gave way to 24 The International Olympic Committee rejects the accusations that Beijings budget-cutting move might _its p
12、reparation for the games. （ A） degrade （ B） deliberate （ C） deploy （ D） defend 25 The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be_the welfare of his animals. （ A） critical about （ B） indignant at （ C） indifferent to （ D） subject to 26 The chairman of the
13、 board _on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ. （ A） compelled （ B） posed （ C） pressed （ D） tempted 27 It is naive to expect (hat any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with_. （ A） for long （ B） in and out （ C） once for all （
14、D） by nature 28 Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in_and lack of unity in style. （ A） conflict （ B） confrontation （ C） disturbance （ D） disharmony 29 The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which i
15、t once_. （ A） thrived （ B） swelled （ C） prospered （ D） flourished 30 However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry. （ A） overturn （ B） overtake （ C） offset （ D） oppress 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 There seems never to have been a c
16、ivilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to five children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys
17、pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how t
18、hey changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics , and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing.
19、In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的 ) peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehi
20、cles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步 ). The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓 )used by a ba
21、by in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. 31 The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play
22、with is that_. （ A） their social roles are rigidly determined （ B） most boys would like to follow their fathers professions （ C） boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers （ D） they like challenging activities 32 One aspect of “the universality of toys“ lies in the fact that
23、_. （ A） technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys （ B） the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities （ C） the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys （ D） the basic characteristics of toys are the sam
24、e the world over 33 Which of the following is the authors view on the historical development of toys? （ A） The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged. （ B） Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries. （ C） The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in tech
25、nology in recent years. （ D） Toys are playing an increasingly irnportant role in shaping a childs character. 34 Regarded as a kind of art form, tbys_. （ A） follow a direct line of ascent （ B） also appeal greatly to adults （ C） are not characterized by technological progress （ D） reflect the pace of
26、social progress 35 The author used the example of a rattle to show that_. （ A） in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materials （ B） even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology （ C） it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making （ D） even a simple
27、 toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time 35 The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromag
28、netic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation (航空 ) industry, has
29、recommended that all airlines ban (禁止 ) such devices from being used during “critical“ stages of light, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total bah during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And altho
30、ugh some airlines prohibit passengers from using such e-quipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to Work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know t
31、hat portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not The fact that aircr
32、aft may be vulnerable (易受损的 ) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio system in order to damage navigation equipment As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud. 36 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） a n
33、ew regulation for all airlines （ B） the defects of electronic devices （ C） a possible cause of aircraft crashes （ D） effective safety measures for air flight 37 What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years? （ A） They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems.
34、 （ B） They may have taken place during take-off and landing. （ C） They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computers. （ D） They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference. 38 Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic de
35、vices because_. （ A） they dont believe there is such a danger as radio interference （ B） the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved （ C） most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players （ D） they have other effective safety measures
36、to fall back on 39 Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplanes computers? （ A） Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane. （ B） Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with. （ C） Becaus
37、e research scientists have not been to produce the same effects in labs. （ D） Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research. 40 It can be inferred from the passage that the author_. （ A） is in favor of prohibiting passengers use of electronic devices completely （ B） has overestimated t
38、he danger of electromagnetic interference （ C） hasnt formed his own opinion on this problem （ D） regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight 40 The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司 ), global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences h
39、ave led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR Was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago, for example, the worlds top five public relations agenc
40、ies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的 ) planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies,
41、 It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in t
42、his country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人 ) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshalls U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage conversely, some European firms have half or more of th
43、eir employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of Lon
44、don and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN(Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign“ would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications hav
45、e made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign. 41 According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because_. （ A） an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies （ B） shrinking cultural diffe
46、rences and new communications technologies （ C） the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the U. S. （ D） increased efforts of other countries in public relations 42 London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because_. （ A） British companies are more ambitious than U. S. comp
47、anies （ B） British companies place more importance on PR than U. S. companies （ C） British companies are heavily involved in planning activities （ D） four of the worlds top public relations agencies are British-owned 43 The word “provincial“ (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means “_“. （ A） limited in
48、 outlook （ B） like people from the provinces （ C） rigid in thinking. （ D） interested in world financial affairs 44 We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry_. （ A） speak at least one foreign language fluently （ B） are ignorant about world geography （ C） are not as
49、sophisticated as their European counterparts （ D） enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications 45 What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN? （ A） American PR companies should be more internationally-minded. （ B） The American PR industry should develop global communications tec
