1、复旦大学考博英语模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract,and now he has to_the consequences. （ A） answer for （ B） run into （ C） abide by （ D） step into 2 The wealth of a country should be measured_the health and happiness of its people as well
2、as the material goods it can produce. （ A） in line with （ B） in terms of （ C） in regard to （ D） in case of 3 I tried very hard to persuade him to join our groups but I met with flat_. （ A） disapproval （ B） rejection （ C） refusal （ D） decline 4 It is strictly_that access to confidential documents is
3、denied to all but a few. （ A） secured （ B） forbidden （ C） regulated （ D） determined 5 Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year,yet she seems to be_with everyone who comes to the store. （ A） accepted （ B） admitted （ C） admired （ D） acquainted 6 To survive in the intense trade competition b
4、etween countries,we must_the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world market demand. （ A） improve （ B） enhance （ C） guarantee （ D） gear 7 It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are_free medical care. （ A） entitled to （ B） involved in （ C） associated with （ D） assign
5、ed to 8 Your kindness in giving_ to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated. （ A） importance （ B） advantage （ C） priority （ D） authority 9 Big businesses enjoy certain_that smaller ones do not have. （ A） transactions （ B） privileges （ C） subsidies （ D） substitutes 10 Peter
6、will_as managing director when Bill retires. （ A） take off （ B） take over （ C） take to （ D） take up 11 One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about_. （ A） accordingly （ B） accidentally （ C） artificially （ D） additionally 12 Jack_to the manager for the mi
7、stakes he had made. （ A） excused （ B） pardoned （ C） forgave （ D） apologized 13 _scientists have observed increased pollution in the water supply. （ A） Late （ B） Later （ C） Latter （ D） Lately 14 This watch is_to all the other watches on the market. （ A） superior （ B） advantageous （ C） super （ D） bene
8、ficial 15 Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally less expensive when they are in_. （ A） sale （ B） need （ C） season （ D） time 16 I support your decision,but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be_to it. （ A） connected （ B） fastened （ C） bound （ D） stuck 17 The English language conta
9、ins a (n)_of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation. （ A） altitude （ B） latitude （ C） multitude （ D） attitude 18 Its a serious crime that people_goods out of China to avoid paying customs duty. （ A） ship （ B） smuggle （ C） launch （ D） load 19 Recently the car factory had to
10、carry out personnel_because of financial trouble. （ A） cuts （ B） demands （ C） reductions （ D） orders 20 Falling sales and rising overheads have obliged the company to review each customers_limit. （ A） credit （ B） currency （ C） check （ D） certificate 21 _of over 5% are attractive if the dollar really
11、 is going to stabilize. （ A） Manufactures （ B） Yields （ C） Creating （ D） Receiving 22 This is only a_agreement: nothing serious concluded yet by far. （ A） tentative （ B） local （ C） decisive （ D） kidding 23 Some workers in the nuclear power station were exposed to high levels of_. （ A） radiation （ B）
12、 cancer （ C） microwaves （ D） high temperature 24 A_refers to an animal that is born from its mothers body,not form an egg,and drinks its mothers milk as a baby. （ A） mammoth （ B） penguin （ C） mosquito （ D） mammal 25 Why is there_traffic on the streets today than yesterday? （ A） less （ B） little （ C）
13、 fewer （ D） Few 26 Black people are by no means_white people. （ A） inferior over （ B） more inferior than （ C） inferior to （ D） more inferior to 27 Why should anyone want to read_of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals. （ A） themes （ B） insights （ C） digests
14、（ D） leaflets 28 Parents have a legal_to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age. （ A） impulse （ B） influence （ C） obligation （ D） sympathy 29 Most nurses are women,but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a_. （ A） scarcity （ B） mi
15、nority （ C） minimum （ D） shortage 30 David likes country life and has decided to_fanning. （ A） go in for （ B） go back on （ C） go through with （ D） go along with 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 There seems never to have been a civilization without toys,but when and how they developed is unknown. They pro
16、bably came about just to five children something to do. In the ancient world,as is today,most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tas
17、ks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play,to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The chan
18、ges have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship,mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all part of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt,the Americas,China,Japan and a-mong the Arctic(北极的 ) peoples,generally the
19、 same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons,toy soldiers,tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form,they have not been sub
20、ject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步 ). The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓 )used by a baby in 3000 B.C to one used by an infant today,however,is not characterized by inventivenes
21、s. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. 31 The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that_. （ A） their social roles are rigidly determined （ B） most boys would like to
22、follow their fathers professions （ C） boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers （ D） they like challenging activities 32 One aspect of “the universality of toys“ lies in the fact that_. （ A） technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys （ B） the improv
23、ement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities （ C） the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys （ D） the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over 33 Which of the following is the authors view on the historical developmen
24、t of toys? （ A） The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged. （ B） Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries. （ C） The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years. （ D） Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a c
25、hilds character. 34 Regarded as a kind of art form,toys_. （ A） follow a direct line of ascent （ B） also appeal greatly to adults （ C） are not characterized by technological progress （ D） reflect the pace of social progress 35 The author used the example of a rattle to show that_. （ A） in toy-making
26、there is a continuity in the use of materials （ B） even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology （ C） it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making （ D） even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time 35 The biggest safety threat facing airlines
27、today may not be a terrorist with a gun,but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years,pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed,but increasingly,expert
28、s are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers,radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA.an organization which advises the aviation (航空 ) industry,has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止 ) such devices from being used during “critical“ stages of lig
29、ht,particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further,calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently,rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing,most are re
30、luctant to enforce a total ban,given that many passengers want to work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and
31、communication. But,because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory,they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的 ) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio system in order
32、 to damage navigation equipment. As worrying,though,is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud. 36 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） a new regulation for all airlines （ B） the defects of electronic devices （ C） a possible cause of aircraft cras
33、hes （ D） effective safety measures for air flight 37 What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years? （ A） They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems. （ B） They may have taken place during take-off and landing. （ C） They were proved to have been caused by th
34、e passengers portable computers. （ D） They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference. 38 Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because_. （ A） they dont believe there is such a danger as radio interference （ B） the harmful effect
35、of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved （ C） most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players （ D） they have other effective safety measures to fall back on 39 Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airpl
36、anes computers? （ A） Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane. （ B） Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with. （ C） Because research scientists have not been to produce the same effects in labs. （ D） Because experts lack adequate
37、equipment to do such research. 40 It can be inferred from the passage that the author_. （ A） is in favor of prohibiting passengers use of electronic devices completely （ B） has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference （ C） hasnt formed his own opinion on this problem （ D） regards it
38、as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight 40 New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now a “global village“ where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And,of course,our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications
39、equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills. Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets,success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts. Oversea
40、s assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.“ He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success,and that promotions
41、 often follow or accompany au assignment abroad,ff an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment o-verseas,superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and prevalen
42、t(普遍的 ). Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications,even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets. English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who ca
43、n speak another language. A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal. The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward c
44、ertain negotiations,and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm. 41 What is the authors attitude toward high-tech co
45、mmunications equipment? （ A） Critical （ B） Prejudiced （ C） Indifferent （ D） Positive 42 With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment,business people_. （ A） have to get familiar with modern technology （ B） are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operations （ C） are attaching
46、more importance to their overseas business （ D） are eager to work overseas 43 In this passage,“out of sight and out of mind“(Line 2,Para. 3)probably means_. （ A） being unable to think properly for lack of insight （ B） being totally out of touch with business at home （ C） missing opportunities for pr
47、omotion when abroad （ D） leaving all care and worry behind 44 According to the passage.what is an important consideration of international corporations in_employing people today? （ A） Connections with businesses overseas （ B） Ability to speak the clients language （ C） Technical know-how （ D） Busines
48、s experience 45 The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can_. （ A） better control the whole negotiation process （ B） easily find new approaches to meet market needs （ C） fast-forward their proposals to headquarters （ D） easily make friends with businesspeople abroad 45
49、 In recent years,Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as theyve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone,one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC,McDonalds and Pizza Hut are setting a n
