1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 124及答案与解析 Section A 0 The Stone Age, the Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to The Age of Superstuff. Material science once the least sexy technology is【 C1】 _with new, practical discoveries l
2、ed by superconducting ceramics(超导陶瓷 )that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surel
3、y as have genetic engineering and computer science. The key to the new materials is researchers increasing ability to【 C2】_substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic【 C3】 _that cause it, scientists are maki
4、ng far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or【 C4】 _ A similar【 C5】 _has overtaken plas
5、tics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets(空手道外衣 )that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plas
6、tic litter, which once threatened to【 C6】 _blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as【 C
7、7】 _as metal or glass. Besides, composites plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compoundsmade the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in【 C8】 _: a helmet saved an infantrymans life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion. Some advanced ma
8、terials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so【 C9】 _that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane. But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition c
9、ould prove difficult, for switching requires【 C10】 _research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future. A)lengthy I)transparent B)transformation J)deliberately C)absorption K)bestow D)burst
10、ing L)imperfections E)combat M)recyclable F)permanently N)neutralization G)appreciable O)corrode H)manipulate 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 AWe apply for credit for many reasons maybe its to buy a new car, house, computer, or get a stu
11、dent loan. However, that there is a special number that can determine whether you can do these things, or at least how much it will cost you. A credit score is a number that is calculated based on your credit history to give lenders a simpler “lend/dont lend“ answer for people who are applying for c
12、redit or loans. This number helps the lender identify the level of risk they may be taking if they lend to someone. The credit score is quicker and less subjective. Its the credit score that makes it possible to get instant credit at places like electronics stores and department stores. BAlthough th
13、ere are several scoring methods, the method most commonly used by lenders is known as a FICO because of its origins with Fair Isaac Corporation. Fair Isaac is an independent company that came up with the scoring method and software used by banks and lenders, insurers and other businesses. Each of th
14、e three major credit bureaus(Experian, Equifax and TransUnion)worked with Fair Isaac in the early 1980s to come up with the scoring method. CThe three national credit bureaus each have their own version of the FICO score with their own names. Equifax has the Beacon system, TransUnion has the Empiric
15、a system, and Experian has the Experian/Fair Isaac system. Each is based on the original Fair Isaac FICO scoring method and produces equivalent numerical results for any given credit report. Some lenders also have their own scoring methods. Other scoring methods may include information such as your
16、income or how long youve been at the same job. DThink of your credit score, like your grade in school. A teacher calculates grades by taking scores from tests, homework, attendance and anything else they want to use, weighting each one according to importance in order to come up with a final single
17、number(or letter)score. Your credit score is calculated in a very similar manner. Instead of using the scores from pop quizzes and reports you wrote, it uses the information in your credit report. E35 percent of the score is based on your payment history. This makes sense since one of the primary re
18、asons a lender wants to see the score is to find out if(and how timely)you pay your bills. The score is affected by how many bills have been paid late, how many were sent out for collection, any bankruptcies, etc. When these things happened also comes into play. The more recent, the worse it will be
19、 for your overall score. F30 percent of the score is based on outstanding debt. How much do you owe on car or home loans? How many credit cards do you have that are at their credit limits? The more cards you have at their limits, the lower your score will be. The rule of thumb is to keep your card b
20、alances at 25% or less of their limits. G15 percent of the score is based on the length of time youve had credit. The longer youve had established credit, the better it is for your overall credit score. Why? Because more information about your past payment history gives a more accurate prediction of
21、 your future actions. H10 percent of the score is based on the number of inquiries on your report. If youve applied for a lot of credit cards or loans, you will have a lot of inquiries on your credit report. These are bad for your score because they indicate that you may be in some kind of financial
22、 trouble or may be taking on a lot of debt(even if you havent used the cards or gotten the loans). The more recent these inquiries are, the worse for your credit score. FICO scores only count inquiries from the past years. I10 percent of the score is based on the types of credit you currently have.
23、The number of loans and available credit from credit cards you have makes a difference. There is no magic number or combination of types of accounts that you shouldnt have. These actually come more into play if there isnt as much other information on your credit report on which to base the score. Th
24、is information is compared to the credit performance of other consumers with similar histories and profiles. JYour credit score doesnt just affect whether or not you get a loan; it also affects how much that loan is going to cost you. As your credit score increases, your credit risk decreases. This
25、means your interest rate decreases. There are other factors that influence the interest rate you get for a loan besides your credit score. Things like the type of property you are using the loan to buy, how much of your own money is going into it, the costs the lender has to make the loan, etc. KIn
26、addition to banks and lenders, there are landlords, merchants, employers and insurance companies jumping on the credit score bandwagon(风靡的活动 ). Of all of these, the fact that insurance rates are being determined by credit scores is causing consumers the most alarm. To most, it seems that your credit
27、 history and your driving record have little in common. Insurers, on the other hand, have found that using credit scores to predict how likely someone is to pay premiums has helped them cut their losses. They dont use the same score that banks and lenders use, however. They use a slightly different
28、formula for their calculations and actually call it an “insurance score“. LCredit scores arent static numbers. Because they are calculated based on your current credit report, they change every time your credit report changes. While this change may be very slight, it can also be much more dramatic.
29、Here are some things some financial advisers say to do to try to improve your score. MReview your credit report and correct any errors you find. Getting rid of inaccurate information can sometimes improve your score dramatically. NAdvice used to be given to close old and unused credit card accounts
30、in order to reduce your “ potential“ available credit, which could change your debt ratio after youve been approved for a loan. Now, however, the ratio of your debt to your credit limit is more critical, so closing old accounts only raises that ratio which you dont want to do. Some people have moved
31、 debt from several credit cards to one card and then closed the old accounts. Since creditors look at the debt-to-credit limit ratio, this can have a bad affect on your credit score because you have the same amount of debt but less available credit. So dont close old credit card accounts just becaus
32、e youre not using them. OCreditors also now look at the average age of your accounts so, again, keep those old accounts. Reduce your balances on credit cards to 75% or less of your available credit(25% is preferable). Pay your bills on time.(This is probably the most important of all!)Dont let anyon
33、e make an inquiry on your credit report unless you absolutely have to. The more inquiries, the lower your score. Dont open new credit card accounts just to increase your available credit in the hopes of raising your score. Also, remember that some improvements such as better efforts at making paymen
34、ts on time may take time to impact your score. So, time is also a factor. 11 35 percent of the credit score is based on ones payment history. 12 FICO is the most frequently used credit scoring method. 13 The credit score is calculated based on ones credit reports. 14 More times of application for lo
35、ans suggest that one may have some financial trouble. 15 Credit score not only determines if one can get a loan, but also affects how much one pays interest rate. 16 To improve ones credit score, one should pay his bills on time. 17 Determining whether applicants can get credit or loans is the basic
36、 role of a credit score. 18 Credit score is a dynamic number that varies with the change of ones current credit report. 19 If you have more credit cards, you will have lower credit score. 20 Closing old credit card accounts raises the ratio, because the amount of available credit is reducing. Sectio
37、n C 20 Writing in the Edinburgh Review in 1820, Sidney Smith bemoaned: The inevitable consequences of being too fond of glory TAXES upon every article which enters into the mouth, or covers the back, or is placed under die foot; taxes upon everything which is pleasant to see, hear, feel, smell, or t
38、aste; taxes upon warmth, light and locomotion(出行 ); taxes on everything on the earth, and the waters under the earth, on everything that comes from abroad or is grown at home; taxes on the raw material; taxes on every fresh value that is added to it by the industry of man; taxes on the sauce which p
39、ampers mans appetite, and the drug which restores him to health; on the ermine(貂的白皮毛 )which decorates the judge, and the rope which hangs the criminal; on the poor mans salt, and the rich mans spice; on the brass nails of the coffin, and the ribands of the bride; at bed or board; couchant or levant,
40、 we must pay. The schoolboy whips his taxed top; the beardless youth manages his taxed horse, with a taxed bridle, on a taxed road; and the dying Englishman, pouring his medicine, which has paid 7 percent, into a spoon which has paid 15 percent, flings himself back upon his chintz(印花棉布 )bed, which h
41、as paid 22 percent, and expires in the arms of an apothecary who has paid a license of a hundred pounds for the privilege of putting him to death. His whole property is then immediately taxed from 2 to 10 percent. Besides the probate, large fees are demanded for burying him in the chancel; his virtu
42、es are handed down to posterity on taxed marble; and he is then gathered to his fathers to be taxed no more. How far this reliance on taxing consumption helped or hindered British economic growth remains a matter for debate. The Hanoverian tax system certainly encouraged exports(which were not only
43、duty free, but in some cases subsidized by bounties); but it is doubtful that the large transfers from consumers to untaxed rentiers had beneficial macroeconomic effects. It is striking that contemporary critics of Spanish and Dutch finance among them Adam Smith believed that excessive reliance on t
44、axes on consumption tended to push up labor costs and inhibit internal trade. 21 From the coffin to the ribands, we can find out the serious result that_. （ A） the poor has no way but rebelling （ B） the poor will offer more taxes to the government （ C） the rich welcome the firm measurement （ D） it w
45、ill damage the marriage 22 The authorities rely on the heavy taxes because they want to_. （ A） encourage the exports （ B） force people to gather developing funds （ C） fulfill the glory emotion （ D） prepare for the first industrial revolution 23 What is the meaning of the last sentence in Paragraph 1
46、 “.he is then gathered to his fathers to be taxed no more. “ ? （ A） A person will suffer heavy taxes all life at least. （ B） He and his father will pay their taxes after death. （ C） He is elegant and respectful to pay his taxes to government. （ D） It can reflect the theme that every one in the count
47、ry hates taxes. 24 If we contrast the former detail listing of taxes with the latter parts, what kind of conclusion can we get? （ A） Many taxes made the native business slower in development. （ B） Many taxes made the country accumulate the fund of development. （ C） Many taxes let the authorities fin
48、d the necessity of development. （ D） Many taxes made the country richer than before. 25 As the outer factor, how did Napoleonic Wars influence the Britains development? （ A） It made the Britains authority enhance the tense of reliance on the taxes. （ B） It made the Britains authority turn to the war
49、 but not inland taxes. （ C） Britains authority realized that it would be important to develop their economic power. （ D） Britains authority realized that they would make close relationship with France. 25 A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or materials adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that per
