1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 193及答案与解析 Section C 0 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Its not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely
2、interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one anot
3、her, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe, that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and geneti
4、c factor. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Prop
5、onents of the “nurture“ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view
6、of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardi
7、zed intelligent test This leads some “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically interior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whi
8、te enjoy, and that, as a result they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories Can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long tim
9、e is certain 1 The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem_. （ A） why ones behaviors differ from others （ B） what makes different stages of intelligence （ C） how social scientists form different theories （ D） what causes the “nature/nurture“ controversy 2 The word “proponents“(Line 4, P
10、ara. 2)can best be replaced by _. （ A） approaches （ B） advocates （ C） principles （ D） characters 3 Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature“ school? （ A） We are born with certain personalities and behaviors. （ B） Environment has nothing to do with our personalities. （ C） Abi
11、lities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors. （ D） Only extreme behaviors are determined by instinct 4 What can we learn about the behaviorists? （ A） They believe human beings are mechanical. （ B） They compare our behaviors to the machines. （ C） They suggest that we react to the environment
12、as the machines do. （ D） They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well. 5 The “nature“ theorists believe that the blacks low scores _. （ A） are the result of the educational disadvantages （ B） are a manifestation of the blacks poor intelligence （ C） have nothing to do with the
13、ir true intelligence （ D） have nothing to do with factors other than heredity 5 Depending on which player you ask, the “Fevernova“ ball that sports equipment maker Adidas says provides the ultimate soccer experience is uncontrollable, too big or just simply “stupid“. The ball also has its fans, like
14、 Englands David Beckham, but so far they seem to have been outnumbered by critics. Adidas says the ball, splashed with gold coloring, is quite simply the best around 25 percent more accurate than the ball used at France 98 thanks to meticulous testing by scientists in Germany. The tongue-twisting na
15、ture of its contents confirms that the World Cup ball has come a long way from the leather-and-laces variety that was common as recently as the 1960s. The Fevernovas secret, Adidas says, is its radically improved Syntactic foam and unique knitted Raschel fabric. Given that this is supposed to make t
16、he ball faster and provide the free-kick specialists like Beckham with more power, it may not be surprising that goalkeepers like Buffon are unhappy. Spain goalkeeper Pedro Contreras said the ball acts “strangely“, while Danish keeper Thomas Sorensen admitted gloomily that it would probably result i
17、n more spectacular goals. “As a goalkeeper, you have to live with the fact that the makers create balls for the benefit of strikers,“ he said before leaving Copenhagen for South Korea. But outfield players have also weighed in with criticism, many saying the ball is too light and therefore hard to c
18、ontrol. “Its big and its too light,“ Japans Jiji news agency quoted Brazilian forward Edilson as saying earlier this month, while striker Rivaldo said it soared too far when kicked. Journalists at the main press centre in Yokohama have been given the chance to try out the Fevernova from the penalty
19、spot, with the aim of hitting special targets in the goal. So far, few have been able to score more than five out of ten, although this may have little to do with the quality of the ball. Putz admits that the ball is on the light side of FIFAs 420 to 445 gram weight requirement, but says it is no bi
20、gger than previous balls. The controversy over the ball also has an off-pitch dimension. Industry insiders say it may be no coincidence that players from Brazil, sponsored by Adidas rival Nike, have been among the balls most vociferous critics. The same might go for the praise dished out for the bal
21、l by Beckham, one of the main players used to promote Adidas equipment. 6 How does Adidas describe the “Fevernova“ ball? （ A） The experience provided by the ball is the best so far. （ B） The ball is almost impossible to control because of its large size. （ C） The ball has gone through a long way of
22、development. （ D） The experience provided by the ball is most welcome by strikers. 7 What does the author think about the Syntactic foam and unique Raschel fabric that are used to make the ball? （ A） The materials have long been used in history. （ B） The materials do not sound familiar. （ C） The mat
23、erials are new and advanced. （ D） The materials improve the precision of the ball. 8 The goalkeepers tend to admit reluctantly that_. （ A） the ball is too strange to control （ B） the ball is so light that it goes too fast （ C） the ball may make the game more thrilling （ D） the ball may help to enhan
24、ce the strikers skills 9 Which of the following is true according to Putz? （ A） The ball is lighter than but of the same size as the previous ones. （ B） The ball should have been heavier to meet the required weight. （ C） The ball should have been bigger than the previous ones. （ D） The ball is light
25、 but still meets the weight requirement. 10 According to industry insiders, Beckhams comment on the ball _. （ A） is justified in his daily training （ B） is out of commercial purpose （ C） goes as radical as the Brazilian players （ D） is similar to that by the Brazilian players 10 In department stores
26、 and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion industry today. What are they? They are high heels a womans wors
27、t enemy(whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high
28、 heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering. For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating(使通气 )lawns. Anyone who has ever worn he
29、els on grass knows what I am talking about A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functio
30、nal for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories. Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful to ones physical health. Talk to any podiatrist(足病医生 ),
31、 and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three times higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat shoe we
32、arer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate(阴沟栅 )and being thrown to the ground possibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to
33、 comfort her swollen, aching feet. 11 What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels? （ A） The multi-functional use of high heels. （ B） Their attempt to show off their status. （ C） The rich variety of high heel styles. （ D） Their wish to improve their appearance. 12 The authors present
34、ation of the positive side of high heels is meant _. （ A） to be ironic （ B） to poke fun at women （ C） to be fair to the fashion industry （ D） to make his point convincing 13 The author uses the expression “those babies“(Line 3, Para. 2)to refer to high heels _. （ A） to show their fragile characteris
35、tics （ B） to indicate their feminine features （ C） to show womens affection for them （ D） to emphasize their small size 14 The authors chief argument against high heels is that _. （ A） they pose a threat to lawns （ B） they are injurious to womens health （ C） they dont necessarily make women beautifu
36、l （ D） they are ineffective as a weapon of defense 15 It can be inferred from the passage that women should _. （ A） see through the very nature of fashion myths （ B） boycott the products of the fashion industry （ C） go to a podiatrist regularly for advice （ D） avoid following fashion too closely 15
37、Office workers who would normally step into a pub or gym to cope with the stress of a working day are being invited instead to sit in front of a painting. Manchester Art Gallery has recruited two of the countrys leading experts in stress management to choose pictures that are guaranteed to leave eve
38、n the most frantic feeling at ease with the world. They have created the “tranquility tour“ which allows city-centre workers to spend their lunch hour taking a soothing tour of what are described as “some of the most relaxing and inspiring paintings ever committed to canvas“. The free tour takes the
39、 visitor through several centuries of painting, from the Victorian aesthetic movement, through the Pre-Raphaelite school, to modern abstract art. Kim Gowland, a gallery executive, said: “Looking at art is a stress-relieving activity. What we are trying to do is encourage people who work in the city
40、to spend half an hour of their lunchbreak in the gallery, to chill out rather than rush around the shops.“ The five works chosen by Andrew Loukes, the gallerys manager, are: John Roddam Spencer Stanhopes The Waters of Lethe(1880), Turners Thomsons Aeolian Harp(1809), Sir John Everett Millaiss Autumn
41、 Leaves(1856), James Durdens Summer in Cumberland(1925)and Bridget Rileys Zephyr(1976). Mr. Loukes said: “We chose five pictures that suggest restfulness. We also wanted to display the breadth of the collection. We are particularly strong in early-19th and early-20th-century British art.“ Their ther
42、apeutic powers have been endorsed by Olga Gregson and Terry Looker from the Department of Biological Sciences at Manchester Metropolitan University. Dr. Gregson said that “research shows that stress levels have reduced and moods changed for the better“ when subjects looked at paintings. “Although ar
43、t appreciation is very much a matter of personal choice, it is true that some works of art appeal to almost everyone, and that some paintings have qualities that can induce relaxation in most people,“ Dr. Gregson said. “Great painters such as Leonardo da Vinci were masters of techniques that could e
44、voke particular responses in the viewer.“ Dr. Gregson said the gallery represented an “oasis of calm“. “You have got this wonderful opportunity to evoke a different kind of psychophysiological response.“ 16 What is done by the Manchester Art Gallery is intended to _. （ A） find out the relation betwe
45、en paintings and stress-easing （ B） promote its magnificent collection of British art （ C） reduce working peoples stress levels by art appreciation （ D） provide an alternative of pastime for consumers 17 The tour is named “tranquility tour“ because _. （ A） it is expected to play a soothing role （ B）
46、 it displays paintings through centuries （ C） it comprises paintings of various styles （ D） it only takes a half hour around lunch time 18 What does Kim Gowland points out about city-center workers? （ A） They are pressed by family burden as well as their careers. （ B） They like going shopping during
47、 their short lunchbreak. （ C） They shouldnt rush around the gallery while looking at art. （ D） Looking at art is much better than going to pubs or gyms. 19 According to the author, the paintings impact on relieving stress is_. （ A） based on personal experiences （ B） varied from people to people （ C）
48、 in need of further study （ D） scientifically proven 20 It is indicated by Dr. Gregson that da Vincis paintings can_. （ A） suggest restfulness （ B） arouse diverse feelings （ C） capture almost everyone （ D） ease stress in most people 大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 193答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】
49、 原文开头两段指出作者要讨论的问题，第 2段末开始从两个方面解释该问题，末段是总结段，从文章的 结构可见文章要探讨的是人类行为如何形成。从选项来看，似乎没有一个表达此意，但首段末句和第 2段第 2句中的why 从句表明 how(怎样形成 )和 why(为什么不同 )其实是对文章关注的问题的两个不同表述，故选 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 从第 4段首句可以比较明显看出 proponents和该句中的 they以及behaviorists所指相同，由此可见， proponents一词指的应该是人；第 5段第 3句也表明 proponents是指人，只有选项 B符合。 A“方法 ”、 C“原则 ”和 D“特征 ”，都不适合。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第 3段首句中的 determined by biological and genetic factor和末句中的 governed by our instincts都表明 “天性论 ”派会认同选项 A的看法。第 3段第2句表明选项 B中的 has nothing to d
