1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 25及答案与解析 Section B 0 Despicable Characters Are New Heroes A)In films and TV shows, despicable characters are taking centre stage. Nicholas Barber investigates why we love to hate villains and what this says about us. B)From a distance, Maleficent seems like Disneys most daring fil
2、m. The company, after all, made its fortune from sharp-voiced gnawing animals and charming princesses, so its quite a departure to take the nightmare-inducing character from Sleeping Beauty and turn her into a misunderstood heroine. Look a bit closer, though, and its clear that the company is actual
3、ly following a significant trend. In films and television series everywhere, villains are taking centre stage. C)In the past four years, two live-actions version of the Snow White story Mirror Mirror and Snow White and the Huntsman have featured an Oscar-winning A-lister in the role of the wicked st
4、epmother. Meanwhile, three cartoons(Megamind, and Despicable Me 1 and 2)have had a supervillain as their leading man. Mark Millar, the writer of Kick-Ass and Wanted, has scripted a novel about another supervillain, Nemesis, which is now being adapted into a film. And the makers of the Spider-Man mov
5、ies are planning two separate spin-offs dealing with Spider-Mans arch-enemies, The Sinister Six and Venom. Villains, it seems, are the new heroes. D)“There is a long history of the romantic or glamorous villain throughout literature and film,“ says Dr Stacey Abbott at Londons Roehampton University.
6、“Universal horror films were built on the attractive and sometimes sympathetic monster, and Christopher Lee was a very alluring and fascinating villain for Hammer. E)But I agree that it is a particularly popular trope at the moment. The new series of Jaguar advertisements with Ben Kingsley, Tom Hidd
7、leston and Mark Strong is an excellent example. The slogan is “Its good to be bad“, and theyre all about glamourising the classic British movie villain. F)As the saying goes, the Devil has all the best tunes. And in the movies, the Devil usually has all the best lines, too. “In children s media, esp
8、ecially, villains have always tended to be more interesting and more adult,“ says Dr Luke Seaber of University College London, the editor of the anthology Villains and Heroes or Villains as Heroes? “Theres only so much one can do with a beautiful princess or a handsome prince; whereas villains have
9、a far wider range of moods and actions available to them. G)In that light, the current trend of cartoon villains appears to have something to do with a perceived shift in audience. Just as the Harry Potter books came out with “adult“ covers, other entertainment which was once aimed solely at childre
10、n, such as cartoons and superhero movies, is now being aimed at adults, too. That s why the baddies more interesting, wittier, ironic, knowing are taking on greater prominence.“ Serial killers H)But if villains are popular on the big screen, the small screen is where they re really at home. NBC s Ha
11、nnibal revolves around everyone s favourite cannibal. A it could be something more abstract, like a certain place or a shape. “It was a long process because I didnt know what to do at all. I was thinking of everything, the beach, red cubes, red circles.“ Eventually he figured out that if he pictured
12、 a red cube in his mind, and then imagined that cube moving forward in his skull he could make the machine move forward. If he thought about that cube moving left, he could go left. H)“In my case it was quite easy,“ says Matzke, which prompts the rest of the team to laugh. “The other guys are laughi
13、ng because it s not working for them,“ he explains. And thats the human challenge in making something like this work training your brain to produce signals that the machine can interpret is really hard. Even Matzke, who was the natural in the group, said it took months to get confident enough to act
14、ually use a car or wheelchair. “I got confident to about 70%,“ he says “but you cant get into a car and say, Im 70% confident.“ After months of training, he was able to control a car through a course on a former airport where there would be no risk of collision should a stray thought pop into his he
15、ad(the car is not approved for public roads when under mind-control). I)Hes not worried about the experience. “Its not so weird,“ he says, “because we ve already developed self-driving cars. If you re sitting in a car that s already driving itself, it s not that weird to drive it with your brain,“ h
16、e says. J)But there are limitations. Right now, the instructions are binary there s no way to make a slight left, or a slight right. Nor is there a way to control the speed moving forward. You also need to maintain total focus and relaxation while driving. K)Such difficulties have already frustrated
17、 owners of thought-controlled prosthetic arms(假肢 ). Training to use these requires months of work a process many patients find tiresome. Some patients abandon the arm, saying it s just too hard to use. L)Llarena wants to avoid the same thing happening with brain driving, so theyre working on simplif
18、ying the system. Itll rely less on turn-by-turn instructions from the brain, and more on allowing the brain to select locations and letting the chair or car do the rest. So, rather than steering the wheelchair around each individual turn, the user could simply think the signal for “kitchen“ and the
19、chair would take them there. M)In the future, implanting electrodes in the brain could allow much finer control, says Omar Mendoza, an expert in brain signal processing who works with Llarena. “You can get really good results in those cases,“ he says although even severely disabled people might be r
20、eluctant to have brain surgery to restore their mobility. N)Llarena and his team aren t the only ones trying to develop cars and wheelchairs for people who cant physically power them. A few years ago, Toyota worked on a brain-controlled wheelchair that users could start, stop and turn with their min
21、ds. And one team recently got a race car driver behind the wheel again. Rather than using brain signals, he controlled the car by tilting his head and gnashing his teeth. O)So far, nobody is ready to release brain-powered cars onto the roads or wheelchairs into the home. Before that can happen, they
22、 need an easier system to use and more robust methods that can jump in when a driver gets distracted or confused. “On one side we have the programs, and on the other side we have the people who need to use these tools,“ Llarena say. “But in the middle we have the problem.“ That is the gap that futur
23、e designs will need to bridge, certainly before you see a thought-controlled car overtaking you on the road. For now Matzke is one of the few people in the world who has hit the road with his mind alone. 11 There are some other terms besides Llarena and his team that attempted to make cars and wheel
24、chair which can be controlled without physical power. 12 The original idea of Brain Driver is to invent a system for disabled people to use their minds to drive. 13 Matzke is a member of a team at the Free University of Berlin and this team is working on a project entitled Brain Driver. 14 To produc
25、e signals that the machine can interpret is very hard and it even takes Llarena several months to learn to control a car through his mind. 15 However, there are many defects in this technology, for instance there is no control on the speed and the driver must keep total focus. 16 Llarena does not fe
26、el the experience queer because he thinks its same about self-driving cars. 17 According to Omar Mendoza, in the future people can improve the technology by inserting electrodes in people s brain. 18 First the brain produces a signal and then the system will turn the signal into instructions for the
27、 machine. 19 Llarena and his team are facing two big difficulties which include the hardware and the humans. 20 This team is trying to make its system simple through allowing the brain to pick up locations and letting the machine do the rest part. 20 How to Cure Jet Lag A)Jet lag is exhausting, diso
28、rientating, and can even make you lose your appetite. B)According to Air the data people submit will be used to test the efficacy of the recommendations in the real world and the team says they have data from over 5,000 people so far. “Hopefully our schedules can be integrated into more devices so t
29、hat they become easier to follow,“ says lead developer of Entrain, mathematician Olivia Walch at the University of Michigan. “Maybe hotels could offer 10,000 lux lights so that people can get bright daylight when they need it to push their clocks in the right direction.“ N)You can start to fill in t
30、he new time zone by altering their habits of rest and and meals gradually. For example, you may sleep earlier and ensure the room where you sleep is totally dark and quiet. You can also eat a bit earlier or late and eat some snacks just to make your body adjust to the new rhythm. O)Though by far the
31、re is no solution to solve this problem completely, scientists said we can still adjust our bodies with those means mentioned above which can greatly lighten the unpleasant feeling caused by jet lag. 21 Even though we can not solve jet lag completely, with those methods mentioned above, we can make
32、our bodies adjust better and feel less painful. 22 The term “jet lag“ was first used by Horace Sutton in the Los Angeles Times in February 1966. 23 Some scientists suggest that we can prepare for the jet lag in advance, so that when we arrived there will be little or no jet lag to adjust to. 24 By f
33、ar there is no way to completely solve this problem and the best way is to combine all those strategies, including restricting light exposure, rest and meal. 25 In order to adjust to the new time zone one can change their sleeping and eating time gradually. 26 Not only how many time zones one has cr
34、ossed but also the way one has crossed them influence how long people needed to become totally adjust to the new time zone. 27 Jet lag is caused by the disorder in our bodys internal clocks which control our circadian rhythms. 28 Through his study about how light influences the clock genes, Peirson
35、found that we can not change the clock completely. 29 Some scientists have invented a software which can create a schedule which tells us the specific things when we should be exposed to light. 30 The schedules provided by Entrain have not been tested in laboratory, but there are some data from the
36、real world which can be used to test it. 大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 25答案与解析 Section B 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 1 【正确答案】 M 【试题解析】 此 句意为：许多人现在开始考虑制作一些有关性格阴暗、复杂人物而非英雄人物的电视。根据题干中的 darker， more complex characters可以定位到 M段中的 “A lot of the people making new shows grew up with fan fiction， and theyrethinking， Yes， we can do stuf
37、f with the heroes， but lets look at the darker， morecomplex characters as well ”题干是对这两句话的融合，意思不变。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 2 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 此句意为：不仅粉丝和一些先锋派的电视编剧对这些黑暗角色感兴趣，电影制片人也很感兴趣。根据题干中的 boundary-pushing TV dramatists可以定位到 N段中的 Its not just fans and boundary-pushing TV dramatists who are drawn to suchunder-us
38、ed characters， however-its studio executives， too题干中的 dark characters是对文中的 under-used characters的同义替换，二者都是指反面角色。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 3 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 此句意为：在电影里坏蛋更有趣、更复杂而且有很多好的台词，因为相比较英雄式人物，你可以在坏蛋身上安插很多不同的心情和行为。根据题干中的 moreinteresting和 good lines可以定位到 F段中的 And in the movies， the Devil usually hasall the best
39、 lines， too “In childrens media， especially， villains have always tended to bemore interesting and more adult”和 whereas villains have a far wider range of moodsand actions available to them。题于是把文中的三句话总结成了一句话基本意思没有改变。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 4 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 此句意为：粉丝小说也促进了坏蛋的流行因为一些粉丝小说也探讨了坏蛋这一类角色。根据题干中的 Fan fict
40、ion和 the trend可以定位到 L段中的Anotherfactor in this trend is “fan fiction”和 but theres a subset that explores the othercharacters， including the villains。题干中的 some fan fictions explore villains与文中的 explores the other characters， including the villains是对应点。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 此句意为：表面上看迪士尼的沉睡魔咒是一
41、个很冒险的电影，但是实际上它是顺应了当下坏蛋电影的大趋势。根据题干中的 Maleficent可以定位到 B段中的 From a distance， Maleficent seems like Disneys most dating film和 Look a bitcloser， though， and its clear that the company is actually following a significant trend In films and television series everywhere， villains are taking centre stage题干中的
42、 arisky film是对 most daring film的另一种表达，意思不变。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 6 【正确答案】 H 【试题解析】 此句意为：有关坏蛋的电影 和电视在小银幕上最流行在这儿有许多很出名的邪恶角色，例如诺曼 贝茨和詹姆斯 思派德。根据题干中的 small screens和人名可以定位到 H段中的 But if villains are popular on the big screen the small screen iswhere theyre really at homeA&Es Bates Motel recounts the boyhood of thek
43、nifehappy Norman BatesJames Spader as a master criminal whos assisting theFBI题干是对这几句话的概括，省略了电影名称，基本意思没有变。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 7 【正确答案】 I 【试题解析】 此句意为：坏蛋的流行是对说故事方式变化的一种回应。为了使故事更长，必须是坏蛋在心理上更加复杂。根据题干中的 shift in storvtelling可以定位到 I段中的 The new emphasis on villains is a response to long-form storytelling及 There ha
44、s tobe more to it So theres been a move within television drama to“psychologise”thevillain in more complicated terms题于是对这几句话的改写，其中 complex inpsychology是 “psychologise”the villain in more complicated terms的对应点。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 8 【正确答案】 K 【试题解析 】 此句意为：我们为什么想在电视上看坏蛋的原因是由于我们对他们产生了感情，因此，对于他们的缺点就不那么反感了。根据题干中的
45、 affection和flaws可以定位到 K段中的 In real life， we turn a blind eye to a friends moral flaws becausewe feel we have a connection to them， and we can develop affection for televisioncharacters in the same way when we see them week after week，题干中只是省略了文中把坏蛋与现实中的朋友进行的对比，而保留了主要观点。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 9 【正确答案】 J 【试题解析】
46、此句意为：越来越多关注坏人却备受赞扬的剧本涌现出来，但问题是为什么人们想看这些邪恶的人物呢 ?根据题干中的 acclaimed dramas可以定位到J段中的 This baddie-centric approach has resulted in some of televisions most acclaimeddramas in recent history和 why should viewers want to spend time with such unsavourycharacters。题干中的 why people want to see these evil characte
47、rs是对文中 spendtime with such unsavoury characters的同义转述。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 10 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 此句意为：在电影和电视剧中许 多坏蛋开始成为主要人物，关于这一现象尼古拉斯 巴伯做了一项研究。根据题干中的人名 Nicholas Barber可以定位到 A段中的 In films and TV shows， despicable characters are taking centre stage NicholasBarber investigates why we love to hate villains-and wha
48、t this says about us题干中的 a study about this new phenomenon是对 A段后面一句话的简单概括。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 11 【正确答案】 N 【试题解析】 此句意为：除了拉雷纳和他的小组外还有其它一些小组试图研发可以不用物理力推动的汽车和轮椅。根据题干中的 without physical power可以定位到 N段中的 Llarena and his team arent the only ones trying to develop cars and wheelchairsfor people who cant
49、 physically power them题干中的 There are some other termsbesides Llarena and his team是 Llarena and his team arent the only ones的另一种说法。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 此句意为： “大脑驾驶员 ”一开始的想法是发明一套系统，好让那些残疾人可以用头脑来驾驶。根据题干中的 original idea of Brain Driver可以定位到C段中的 The original premise behind Brain Driver was to build a system that someone with aphysical disability can use to move through the world和 Brain Driver would， in theory， allow them to drive by simply thinking“right”and“left”and“forward”
