1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 38及答案与解析 Section C 0 A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or material adversely. Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits co
2、ntinuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed and knowledge of the healt
3、h aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In the future, even water vapour might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions. Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found
4、in nature. As the earth developed, the concentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical cycles. These reactions serve as an air purification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global
5、basis, nature s output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city. In this localized region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purification scheme of the cycles. The
6、result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air. The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a p
7、ollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulphur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million(ppm), which is about 400 times its natural l
8、evel. Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm. 1 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. （ A） water vapour is an air pollutant in localized areas （ B） the definition of an air pollutant will continue to c
9、hange （ C） a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities （ D） most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled 2 What effect did the development of earth have on the air pollutants such as carbon monoxide? （ A） Their harm to human activities became more serious. （ B） Their ability to purify ai
10、r was improved a lot. （ C） Their concentrations were changed by chemical reactions. （ D） Their quantities in the air were mainly from human activities. 3 According to the passage, what can we know about human-generated air pollution in cities? （ A） It is the most serious pollution in the environment
11、. （ B） It may overburden the natural system that purifies pollutants. （ C） It will react harmfully with naturally occurring pollutants. （ D） It will damage areas outside the localized regions. 4 The author puts forward the examples of sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide at last to show that_. （ A） s
12、ulphur dioxide is more dangerous than carbon monoxide （ B） sulphur dioxide is less dangerous than carbon monoxide （ C） the numerical value of noxious chemicals in the air is not the key in defining pollution （ D） it needs a great increase in concentration for noxious chemicals in the air to be pollu
13、tants 5 The passage mainly discusses_. （ A） how gas chemicals become air pollutants （ B） how much damage air pollutants can cause （ C） the definition of an air pollutant （ D） the quantity of compounds added to the atmosphere 5 As a physician who travels quite a bit, I spend a lot of time on planes l
14、istening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor onboard?“ announcement. Ive been called only once for a woman who had merely fainted. But the incident made me curious about how often this kind of thing happens. I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real mid-air medical emergency without acces
15、s to a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So when the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about in-flight medical events, I read it with interest. The study estimated that there are an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on US flights every day. Most of
16、 them are not grave: fainting, dizziness and hyperventilation are the most frequent complaints. But 13% of them roughly four a day are serious enough to require a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble(46%), strokes and other neurological problems(18
17、%), and difficulty breathing(6%). Let s face it: plane rides are stressful. For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5000 to 8000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily, but passengers with heart disea
18、se may experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood. Low pressure can also cause the air in body cavities to expand as much as 30%. Again, most people wont notice anything beyond mild stomach cramping. But if you ve recently had an operation, your wo
19、und could open and if a medical device has been implanted in your body a splint, a tracheotomy tube or a catheter it could expand and cause injury. Another common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis the so-called economy-class syndrome. When you sit too long in a cramped position, the blood
20、in your legs tends to clot. Most people just get sore calves. But blood clots, left untreated, could travel to the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and even death. Such clots are readily prevented by keeping blood flowing; walk and stretch your legs when possible. Whatever you do, dont panic. T
21、hings are looking up on the in-flight-emergency front. Doctors who come to passengers aid used to worry about getting sued; their fears have lifted somewhat since the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act gave them “good Samaritan“ protection. And thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at le
22、ast one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits with automated defibrillators to treat heart attacks. Are you still wondering if you are healthy enough to fly? If you can walk 150 ft. or climb a flight of stairs without getting winded, youll probably do just fine. Having a Doctor cl
23、ose by doesn t hurt, either. 6 Strokes and other neurological problems take up about_of the in-flight medical emergencies on US flights. （ A） 0.13 （ B） 0.46 （ C） 0.18 （ D） 0.02 7 The word “grave“(Line 2, Para. 2)may be replaced by_. （ A） slight （ B） emergent （ C） serious （ D） chronical 8 According t
24、o the passage, the expansion of air in body cavities can result in_. （ A） chest pain （ B） heart attack （ C） stomach cramping （ D） difficulty in breathing 9 The deep venous thrombosis usually happens due to_. （ A） the narrow economy class （ B） the great number of economy-class passengers （ C） the pro
25、hibition of walking during the flight （ D） the low pressure in the cabin which prevents blood flowing smoothly 10 According to the 1998 Aviation Medical Assistance Act, doctors who come to passengers aid_. （ A） do not have to be worried even if they give the patients improper treatment （ B） will not
26、 be submitted to legal responsibility even if the patients didn t recover （ C） are assisted by advanced emergency medical kits （ D） will be greatly respected by the patient and the crew 10 Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to d
27、evelop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of t
28、he supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society s understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fears
29、that are passed on to the next generation. Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over
30、 the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal.“ We ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democra
31、tic society. Although the phrase was used by this country s founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his
32、 or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children disabled or not to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their pr
33、ograms, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 11 What is the purpose for the author to cite the example of stage in paragraph 2? （ A） To show those exceptional children are more easily influenced than normal children. （
34、B） To indicate those exceptional children have great potentials. （ C） To identify all men are born to be equal. （ D） To illustrate the importance of environment such as family and society. 12 Why does public pay much attention to exceptional education? （ A） Exceptional education is a part of compuls
35、ory education. （ B） The belief that exceptional children should develop their potentials as well. （ C） Exceptional education has been underestimated for a long time. （ D） Exceptional education is a reflection of society. 13 Which one of the following actions has NOT been taken to facilitate exceptio
36、nal education? （ A） Courts have confirmed the right for exceptional children to receive education. （ B） Governments have made policies to protect exceptional education. （ C） Schools are forced by courts to take actions to offer education for exceptional children. （ D） Schools have appropriated progr
37、ams and instruction to satisfy the need of exceptional children. 14 The word “substantially“ in the paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） stunningly （ B） generally （ C） adequately （ D） fundamentally 15 What is the main idea of this passage? （ A） The necessity of adapting education to exception
38、al children. （ B） The specialty of exceptional children. （ C） The introduction of education programs. （ D） The responsibilities of government for those exceptional children. 15 The close relationship between poetry and music scarcely needs to be argued. Both are aural modes which employ rhythm, rime
39、 and pitch as major devices; to those the one adds linguistic meaning, connotation and various traditional figures, and the other can add, at least in theory, all of these plus harmony, counterpoint and orchestration techniques. In English the two are closely bound historically. Anglo-Saxon heroic p
40、oetry seems certainly to have been read or chanted to a harpists accompaniment; the verb used in Beowulf for such a performance, the Finn episode, is singan, to sing, and the noun gyd, to song. A major source of the lyric tradition in English poetry is the songs of the troubadours. The distance betw
41、een the gyd in Beowulf and the songs of “Lenoard Cohen“ or “Bob Dylan“ may seem great, but is one of time rather than aesthetics. The lyric poem as a literary work and the lyrics of a popular song are both still essentially the same thing: poetry. Whether the title of the work be “Gerontion“ or “Hou
42、nd Dog“, our criteria for evaluating the work must remain the same. The most important prerequisite for both a significant poem and significant lyrics in a popular song is that the writer be faithful to his own personal vision or to the vision of the poem he is writing. Skill and craft for writing p
43、oetry are indeed necessary because these are the only means by which a poet can preserve the integrity of this vision in the poem. A poet must not, either because of lack of skill or because of worship of popularity, wealth, or critical acclaim, go outside of his own or his own poems vision on pain
44、of writing only the derivative or the trivial. Historically, the writers and singers of the lyrics of popular songs have seemed often to be incapable of personal vision, and to have confused both originality and morality with a servile compliance to popular taste. 16 What is the relationship between
45、 poetry and music according to the passage? （ A） They are separated from each other. （ B） Whether their relationship is close or not is under debate. （ C） They are in an intimate relationship. （ D） Their relationship in not close enough. 17 What does “the other“(Line 3, Para.l)refer to? （ A） Music.
46、（ B） Poetry. （ C） Rhythm. （ D） Figure. 18 Which one of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? （ A） The songs of troubadours can be applied as lyric in poetry. （ B） Beowulf has been chanted by people with harpist. （ C） Poems and songs are basically same. （ D） The major difference of gyd
47、in Beowulf and the songs lies in aesthetics instead of time. 19 The word “prerequisite“ in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_. （ A） prescription （ B） premise （ C） preference （ D） prediction 20 What is the major difference between an excellent lyrics and a popular song according to the passage? （
48、A） Most writers of popular songs are not loyal to himself but to outside world. （ B） The materials and content. （ C） Excellent lyrics have implied meanings. （ D） Popular songs lack of orchestration techniques. 大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 38答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。根据文章第一段 Air poiluti
49、on requires a very flexible definition thatpermits continuous change “空气污染物的定义要求具有灵活性以适应不断的变化 ”和 B选项 “空气污染物的 定义会继续发生变化 ”的表达一致。所以答案选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据 carbon monoxide可定位到第二段 As the earth developed， theconcentrations of these pollutants were altered by various chemical reactions； theybecame components in biogeochemical cycles These serve as an air purification schemeby allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil “随着地球的发展，这些污染物的浓度会随着各种化学反应而发生改变：他们成为了生物地球化学循环的组成部分。这些
