1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 257及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Beijing Olympics Volunteers in My Eyes. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 奥运志愿者所需具备的素质 2为什么参加奥运志愿者活动 3志愿者工作需要付出，但值得一做 Us
2、eful words and expressions: 志愿者 : volunteer (n./v.) 申请 : apply for, application (n.) 招募 : recruit (v.), recruitment (n.) 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions at
3、tached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Facts about Depression In
4、any given one-year period, 9.5% of the population, or about 18.8 million American adults, suffer from a depressive illness. The economic cost for this disorder is high, but the cost in human suffering cannot be estimated. Depressive illnesses often interfere with normal functioning and cause pain an
5、d suffering not only to those who have a disorder, but also to those who care about them. Serious depression can destroy family life as well as the life of the ill person. But much of this suffering is unnecessary. Most with a depressive illness do not seek treatment, although the great majority eve
6、n those whose depression is extremely severe can be helped. Thanks to years of fruitful research, there are now medications and psychosocial therapies such as cognitive/behavioral “talk“ or interpersonal that ease the pain of depression. Whats Depressive Disorder? A depressive disorder is an illness
7、 that involves the body, mood, and thoughts, ft affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wis
8、hed away. Propel with a depressive illness cannot merely “pull themselves together“ and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people who suffer from depression Types of Depression Depressive disorders come in diffe
9、rent forms, just as is the case with other illnesses such as heart disease. Brief descriptions of the most common types of depressive disorders are given below. However, within these types there are variations in the number of symptoms, their severity, and persistence. Major depression is manifested
10、 by a combination of symptoms (see symptom list) that interfere with the ability to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. Such a disabling episode of depression may occur only once but more commonly occurs several times in a lifetime. A less severe type depression, dysthymi
11、a, involves long-term, chronic (慢性的 ) symptoms that do not disable, but keep one from functioning well or from feeling good. Many people with dysthymia also experience major depressive episodes at some time in their lives. Another type of depression is bipolar disorder. Not nearly as prevalent as ot
12、her forms of depressive disorders, bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes: severe highs (mania) and lows (depression). Sometimes the mood switches are dramatic and rapid, but most often they are gradual. When in the depressed cycle, an individual can have any or all of the symptom
13、s of a depressive disorder. When in the manic cycle, the individual may be overactive, over-talkative, and have a great deal of energy. Mania often affects thinking, judgment, and social behavior in ways that cause serious problems and embarrassment. For example, the individual in a manic phase (状态
14、) may feel elated, full to grand schemes that might range from unwise business decisions to romantic sprees(放纵 ). Mania, left untreated, may worsen to a psychotic state. Symptoms of Depression and Mania Not everyone who is depressed or manic experiences every symptom. Some people experience a few sy
15、mptoms, some many. Severity of symptoms varies with individuals and also varies over time. Depression Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed, including sex Decreased energy, fati
16、gue, being “slowed down“ Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions Insomnia, early morning awakening, or oversleeping Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts Mania Unusual irritability Decreased need for sleep Grandiose (
17、夸大的 ) notions Increased talking Increased sexual desire Markedly increased energy Poor judgment Causes of Depression Some types of depression run in families, suggesting that a biological vulnerability (弱点 ) can be inherited. This seems to be the case with bipolar disorder. Studies of families in wh
18、ich members of each generation develop bipolar disorder found that those with the illness have a somewhat different genetic makeup than those who do not get iii. However, the reverse is not true: Not everybody with the genetic makeup that cause vulnerability to bipolar disorder will have the illness
19、. Apparently, additional factors, possibly stresses at home, work, or school, are involved in its onset. In some families, major depression also seems to occur generation after generation. However, it can also occur in people who have no family history of depression. Whether inherited or not, major
20、depressive disorder is often associated with changes in brain structures or brain function. People who have low self-esteem, who consistently view themselves and the world with pessimism or who are readily overwhelmed by stress, are prone to depression. Whether this represents a psychological predis
21、position or an early form of the illness is not clear. In recent years, researchers have shown that physical changes in the body can be accompanied by mental changes as well. Medical illnesses such as stroke, a heart attack, cancer, Parkinsons disease, and hormonal disorders can cause depressive ill
22、ness, making the sick person apathetic and unwilling to care for his or her physical needs, thus prolonging the recovery period. Also, a serious loss, difficult relationship, financial problem, or any stressful (unwelcome or even desired) change in life patterns can trigger a depressive episode. Ver
23、y often, a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors is involved in the onset of a depressive disorder. Later episodes of illness typically begin from mild stresses, or none at all. Evaluation and Treatment A good diagnostic (诊断的 ) evaluation will include a complete history of
24、 symptoms, i. e. , when they started, how long they have lasted, how severe they are, whether the patient had them before and, if so, whether they symptoms were treated and what treatment was given. The doctor should ask about alcohol and drug use, and if the patient has thoughts about death or suic
25、ide. Further, a history should include questions about whether other family members have bad a depressive illness and, if treated, what treatments they may have received and which were effective. Lasts a diagnostic evaluation should include a mental status examination to determine if speech or thoug
26、ht patterns or memory have been affected, as sometimes happens in the case of a depressive or manic-depressive illness. Treatment choice will depend on the outcome of the evaluation. There are a variety of medications and psychotherapies (心理疗法 ) that can be used to treat depressive disorders. Some p
27、eople with milder forms may do well with psychotherapy alone. People with moderate to severe depression most often benefit from antidepressants (抗抑郁药 ). Most do best with combined treatment: medication to gain relatively quick symptom relief and psychotherapy to learn more effective ways to deal wit
28、h lifes problems, including depression. Depending on the patients diagnosis and severity of symptoms, the therapist may prescribe medication and/or one of the several forms of psychotherapy that have proven effective for depression. 2 A depressive disorder is an illness that involves mood and though
29、ts only. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes. Mosty, such changes are gradual. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Evaluation of depression can be conducted only when such depression is not attacking the patient. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Major depressions seem to occ
30、ur only to people who have a family history of depression. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 According to some researchers, _ in the body can give rise to. certain mental changes. 7 Depression might be the cause of _. 8 _ is the best choice for most depression sufferers. 9 Mania often involves thinking, _ , a
31、nd social behavior in ways that cause serious problems and embarrassment. 10 Some types of depression are inherited form generation to generation in _. 11 How the patient will be treated will depend on the result of the _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations an
32、d 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and de
33、cide which is the best answer. （ A） A mechanic. （ B） A repairman. （ C） A manager. （ D） A salesman. （ A） She cant give the stamps to the mans brother. （ B） She has given the stamps to the mans neighbor. （ C） She likes collecting stamps herself. （ D） She is willing to save the stamps for the mans brot
34、her. （ A） At a news-stand. （ B） In the college bookstore. （ C） In the library. （ D） At a department store. （ A） Give the woman the failing grade. （ B） Be understanding towards the woman. （ C） Blame her for an extension. （ D） Expect the woman to finish her paper first. （ A） Borrow a book somewhere el
35、se. （ B） Take a book from the reading-room. （ C） Use a book of his own. （ D） Buy a book of his own. （ A） Plumber. （ B） Gardener. （ C） Interior decorator. （ D） Carpenter. （ A） He had to wait for an appointment. （ B） He had other things to do first. （ C） His waist had seemed all right. （ D） His injury
36、 had kept him at home. （ A） To buy the computer at a discount store. （ B） To put an ad in the newspaper for a computer. （ C） To go to a computer store to buy the computer. （ D） To buy the computer at the university as a special offer. （ A） Two. （ B） Thirty. （ C） Thirty-two. （ D） Three. （ A） The part
37、 in films. （ B） The part on the stage. （ C） The part on television. （ D） The part in advertisement. （ A） Playing a long run of three years. （ B） Making a play for television. （ C） Playing a part in the film. （ D） Playing a part in the advertisement. （ A） To talk about the evening class with the man.
38、 （ B） To see what class the man will attend （ C） To attend one or two evening classes together with the man. （ D） To find what classes the man is interested in. （ A） Because the man is not interested in pottery. （ B） Because the man is not interested in car maintenance. （ C） Because the woman will n
39、ot attend them. （ D） Because pottery and car maintenances classes are to be given at the same time. （ A） Pottery and car maintenance. （ B） Car maintenance and Spanish conversation. （ C） Folk guitar and Spanish conversation （ D） Spanish conversation and keep-fit. （ A） Spanish conversation. （ B） Car m
40、aintenance. （ C） Pottery. （ D） Keep-fit. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the f
41、our choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Read them before class （ B） Read them after the discussion （ C） Read them following the lecture （ D） Read them before the midterm （ A） The final examination is worth 20 points. （ B） The final examination is worth 30 points. （ C） The project is worth 50 points.
42、（ D） The midterm examination is worth 30 points. （ A） Call or send an e-mail to the professor （ B） Let the secretary know （ C） Do extra assignments （ D） Come in during office hours to make up the class （ A） The weather gets hotter. （ B） Telegraph wires stand still. （ C） Swallows sit on telegraph wir
43、es. （ D） People find the mystery of migration （ A） Salmon and tunas. （ B） Locusts and butterflies. （ C） Ants and bees. （ D） Whales and bats. （ A） Migrating birds follow a certain smell or scent. （ B） Animals migrate by following changes in temperature. （ C） Animals find their way by recognizing geog
44、raphical features. （ D） Migrating mammals use the rising and falling of tidal waves. （ A） There will be a test on Tuesday. （ B） There will be a quiz on Tuesday. （ C） The class will read the story on Thursday. （ D） The class will write a composition. （ A） Saturday. （ B） Twelve. （ C） Six. （ D） Eight.
45、（ A） Saturday. （ B） Thursday. （ C） Wednesday. （ D） Friday. （ A） A journal tailcoat. （ B） An essay. （ C） Poetry. （ D） A short story. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general ide
46、a. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you hav
47、e just heard or write down the 36 More than 40 years ago, Lee Kuan Yew【 B1】 _ what was a poor, decaying colony into a shining, rich and modem city, all the time【 B2】 _ by hostile powers. With his brilliant intellect and powers of perception, he is one of the worlds most blunt and【 B3】 _ statesmen. O
48、ne of the remarkable successes of Lee Kuan Yews【 B4】 _ of Singapore was his making Singapore the least corrupt nation in Asia. He says, “They must be【 B5】_ a wage equal with what men of their ability and integrity are earning for managing a big corporation or【 B6】 _ legal or other professional pract
49、ice. They have to manage a Singapore economy that【 B7】 _ an annual growth rate of eight to nine percent in the last two decades, giving its citizens an【 B8】 _ income that in 1995 was the ninth highest in the world.“ 【 B9】 _ “We had established a climate of opinion which looked upon corruption in public office as a threat to society.“【 B10】 _ He said, “The higher they are, the bigger their homes and more numerous their wives or
