1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 363及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Electronic Waste. You should write at least 150 words following the outlines given below: 1. 废弃的电子产品越来越多； 2. 如何 正确处理这些电子产品。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Sk
2、imming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement co
3、ntradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Artificial Intelligence Im sure that Hans Moravec is at least as sane as I am, but he certainly brought to mind the classic mad scientist as we sat in his fifth-floor office at Carneg
4、ie-Mellon University on a dark and stormy night. It was nearly midnight, and he mixed for each of us a bowl of chocolate milk and Cheerios, with slices of banana piled on top. Then, with banana-slicing knife in hand, Moravec, the senior research scientist at Carnegie Mellons Mobile Robot Laboratory,
5、 outlined for me how he could create a robotic immortality for Everyman, a deathless universe in which life would go on forever. By creating computer copies of our minds and transferring, or downloading, this program into robotic bodies, Moravec explained, humans could survive for centuries. “You ar
6、e in an operating room. A robot brain surgeon is in attendance . Your skull but not your brain is anesthetized (麻醉 ). You are fully conscious. The surgeon opens your braincase and peers inside.“ This is how Moravec described the process in a paper he wrote called “Robots That Rove“. The robotic surg
7、eons attention is directed at a small clump of about one hundred neurons somewhere near the surface. Using high-resolution 3-D nuclear-magnetic-resonance holography, phased-array radio encephalography, and ultrasonic radar, the surgeon determines the three-dimensional structure and chemical makeup o
8、f that neural clump. It writes a program that models the behavior of the clump and starts it running on a small portion of the computer sitting next to you. That computer sitting next to you in the operating room would in effect be your new brain. As each area of your brain was analyzed and simulate
9、d, the accuracy of the simulation would be tested as you pressed a button to shift between the area of the brain just copied and the simulation. When you couldnt tell the difference between the original and the copy, the surgeon would transfer the simulation of your brain into the new, computerized
10、one and repeat the process on the next area of your biological brain. “Though you have not lost consciousness or even your train of thought, your mind-some would say soul-has been removed from the brain and transferred to a machine,“ Moravec said, “In a final step your old body is disconnected. The
11、computer is installed in a shiny new one, in the style, color, and material of your choice.“ As we sat around Moravecs office I asked what would become of the original human body after the downloading. “You just dont bother waking it up again if the copying went successfully.“ he said. “Its so messy
12、. Humans have got so many problems that you might just want to leave it retired. You dont take your Junker car out if youve got a new one.“ Moravecs idea is the ultimate in life insurance. Once one copy of the brains contents has been made, it will be easy to make multiple backup copies, and these c
13、ould be stashed in hiding places around the world, allowing you to embark on any sort of adventure without having to worry about aging or death. As decades pass into centuries you could travel the globe and then the solar system and beyond-always keeping an eye out for the latest in robotic bodies i
14、nto which you could transfer your computer mind. If living forever werent enough, you could live forever several times over by activating some of your backup copies and sending different versions of yourself out to see the world. “You could have parallel experiences and merge the memories later,“ Mo
15、ravec explained. In the weeks and months that followed my stay at Carnegie-Mellon, I was intrigued by how many researchers seemed to believe downloading would come to pass. The only point of disagreement was when-certainly a big consideration to those of us still knocking around in mortal bodies. Al
16、though some of the researchers I spoke with at Carnegie-Mellon, MIT, and Stanford and in Japan thought that downloading was still generations away, there were others who believed achieving robotic immortality was imminent and seemed driven by private passions never to die. The significance of the do
17、or Moravec is trying to open is not lost on others. Olin Shivers, a Carnegie-Mellon graduate student who works closely with Moravec as well as with Allen Newell, one of the founding fathers of artificial intelligence, told me, “Moravec wants to design a creature, and my professor Newell wants to des
18、ign a creature. We are all, in a sense, trying to play God.“ At MIT I was surprised to find Moravecs concept of downloading given consideration by Marvin Minsky, Donner Professor of Science and another father of artificial intelligence. Minsky is trying to learn how the billions of brain cells work
19、together to allow a person to think and remember. If he succeeds, it will be a big step toward figuring out how to join perhaps billions of computer circuits together to allow a computer to receive the entire contents of the human mind. “If a person is like a machine, once you get a wiring diagram o
20、f how he works, you can make copies,“ Minsky told me. Although Minsky doesnt think hell live long enough to download (hes fifty-seven now), he would consider it. “I think it would be a great thing to do.“ he said, “Ive spent a long time learning things, and Id hate to see it all go away.“ Minsky als
21、o said he would have no qualms about waving good-bye to his human body and taking up residence within a robot. “Why not avoid getting sick and things like that?“ he asked. “Its hard to see anything against it. I think people will get fed up with bodies after a while. Then youll have another populati
22、on problem: Youll have all the people of the past, as well as the new ones.“ Another believer is Danny Hillis, one of Minskys Ph. D students and the founding Scientist of Thinking Machines, a Cambridge-based company that is trying to create the kind of computer that might someday receive the content
23、s of a brain. During my research, several computer scientists would point to Hilliss connection machine as an example of a new order of computer architecture, one thats comparable to the human brain. (Hilliss connection machine doesnt have one large central processing unit as other computers do but
24、a network of 64,000 small units-roughly analogous in concept, if not in size, to the brains network of 40 billion neuronal processing units. ) “Ive added up the things 1 want to do in my life, and its about fifteen hundred years worth of stuff,“ Hillis, now twenty-eight, told me one day as we stood
25、out on the sixth-floor sundeck of the Thinking Machines building. “I enjoy having a body as much as anyone else does, but if its a choice between downloading into a computer-even one thats stuck in a room someplace- and still being able to think versus just dying, I would certainly take that opportu
26、nity to think.“ Gerald J. Sussman, a thirty-six-year-old MIT professor and a computer hacker of historic proportions, expressed similar sentiments. “Everyone would like to be immortal. I dont think the time is quite right, but its close. Im afraid, unfortunately, that Im in the last generation to di
27、e.“ “Do you really think that were that close?“ I asked. “Yes,“ he answered, which reminded me of something Moravec had written not too long ago: “We are on a threshold of a change in the universe comparable to the transition from nonlife to life.“ 2 In Moravecs mind, when a robotic immortality is c
28、reated, life will go on forever. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 A robot brain surgeon anesthetized your brain when he opens your braincase and peers inside. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Moravecs idea of robotic immortality is approved by the author. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 When your mind was transferred from yo
29、ur brain to a machine, you would your train of thought. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 You could live forever several times over by _. 7 By _ , both Moravec and Professor Newell try to play God. 8 If we can join billions of computer circuits together like billions of brain cells which work together, then t
30、he computer can receive _. 9 We will have another population problem when people get _. 10 _ is the name of a Cambridge-based company that is trying to create the kind of computer which might receive the contents of a brain. 11 Between the choice of being downloaded into a computer which is stuck in
31、 a room but still being able to think and the choice of dying, Hillis will choose the _ one. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the convers
32、ation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The latest nurse is the best one. （ B） The latest nurse was ill for two times last month. （ C）
33、 The latest nurse is the worst one. （ D） In the past five months, the man has introduced the woman quite a few nurses. （ A） Light rain. （ B） Heavy rain. （ C） Lightning. （ D） Heavy snow （ A） Tian anmen Square. （ B） The Temple of Heaven. （ C） Leopard Hill. （ D） The Imperial Palace. （ A） 3 pills. （ B）
34、4 pills. （ C） 9 pills. （ D） 12 pills. （ A） They usually go jogging. （ B） They usually go to the parks to do their exercises. （ C） They usually do Taijiquan. （ D） They are still asleep. （ A） He was afraid he might be kept too late. （ B） He would have something more important to do. （ C） He was not in
35、 the mood to attend the excursion. （ D） He had to make an appointment with a friend. （ A） He will go to instead of his wife. （ B） He will go to when he finishes his report. （ C） He will ask his boss for a leave. （ D） It would be better for her wife to go to. （ A） Took many photos of her. （ B） Bought
36、 her an album. （ C） Held a birthday party. （ D） Bought her a picture. （ A） She is writing a competitive paper for a scholarship. （ B） She is doing a paper. （ C） She missed the lecture. （ D） She is planning to attend the scholarship award ceremony. （ A） Why species dont avoid extinction by adapting.
37、（ B） Why species become extinct at the rate they do. （ C） Why humans arent extinct. （ D） How many species arent extinct. （ A） Because every species becomes extinct. （ B） Because humans beings are powerful enough to kill other species. （ C） Because of over-population. （ D） Because human being is stil
38、l a young species though it is exploiting the environment. （ A） New foods to try when traveling. （ B） Making reservations for the best travel. （ C） Avoiding gaining weight while traveling. （ D） Adjusting to time changes when traveling. （ A） It changes the bodys metabolism through rapid weight gain.
39、（ B） It tricks the body into responding as if it were in a different time zone. （ C） It promotes increased alertness by adding snacks to the diet. （ D） It builds resistance to illness by increasing intake of vitamins. （ A） He feels rushed. （ B） He hates to pack. （ C） He doesnt like to restrict his d
40、iet. （ D） Hes worried about his lecture. （ A） He has a big appetite. （ B） He eats only at regulate mealtimes. （ C） He avoids new foods. （ D） He eats only healthful foods. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
41、Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Probing into the privacy of famous people. （ B） Short articles about less important events. （ C） Colorful pictures and smaller size
42、. （ D） All above. （ A） The Daily Star. （ B） The Times. （ C） The Daily Telegraph. （ D） The Daily Minor. （ A） The Independent. （ B） The Financial Times. （ C） The Daily Mirror. （ D） The Daily Telegraph. （ A） Life was easy and food was easy to find. （ B） People care more about how to survive. （ C） The p
43、eople took care of each other out of love. （ D） There are many developed individual monetary systems. （ A） This need to use the services of people who were not physically near. （ B） This need to have a common set of values. （ C） The fear of things that were more different than what people were used
44、to. （ D） This need to store wealth. （ A） How the survival skills of the early people influenced their diets. （ B） This need to learn how to save money; （ C） The increasingly complex relationship between values and the use of money. （ D） The difficulty of trading larger and larger amounts of good. （
45、A） Paris. （ B） Copenhagen. （ C） New York. （ D） London. （ A） Once. （ B） Twice. （ C） Three times. （ D） Never. （ A） They won the tournament last year. （ B） They have been trained the hardest in the tournament. （ C） They have the most money to spend on their athletes. （ D） They have never lost a game be
46、fore. （ A） The German team. （ B） The British team. （ C） The Brazilian Team. （ D） The American team. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for
47、the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 3
48、6 The African ancestors of todays black Americans were brought to the U. S. as slaves in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. They worked on farms, especially the large farms in the【 B1】 _ states. Slowly they became a【 B2】_ part of the economic system of the South. Slaves did not h
49、ave the rights of people. According to the law, they were “things“ which belonged to the person who bought them. They had to【 B3】 _ the orders of their owners without question. They were not allowed to learn to read; their owners feared that【 B4】 _ slaves would begin to think about the injustice of the system and would learn to struggle for their【 B5】 _ . Slaves had to work long hours in extremely unhealthy conditions. Their owners had comple
