1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 561及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Fake Diplomas. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below. 1目前假文凭现象比较严重 2这种现象产生的原 因和带来的危害 3为改变这种状况，我认为 Say No to Fake Diplomas 二、 Pa
2、rt II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
3、 N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Nurse Home Visits: A Boost for Low-income Parents Nurse home visitor Tammy Ballard has had some memorable experiences in close to a decade of helping ne
4、w mothers raising their children in poverty in Dayton, Ohio. Once, she arrived at a new clients home to find a TV news crew waiting outside; apparently, someone fleeing gunfire had sought shelter there. Another time, she knocked on a door only to hear shrieking in response, but no one would let her
5、in. Later she learned it was the familys parrots, which had been trained to squawk at visitors. Ballards job when she can get in the house is to try to give low-income parents a leg up. She teaches them many of the same child-rearing techniques that give the children of middle-class and educated par
6、ents an edge socially and in school and that instruction is often eye-opening for both Ballard and her clients. You would be surprised to know what new parents dont know, Ballard says, recalling the case of one father who thought babies couldnt hear at birth. “He asked, When do their eyes open? He t
7、hought they were like puppies,“ she says. Theres no doubt that low-income parents indeed, most new parents could use a little guidance. In some countries, like France, that guidance is institutionalized. Nurse-home visits for all pregnant and new mothers are routine and free of charge, sponsored by
8、the government. In the U.S. the national Nurse-Family Partnership program (NFP) covers about 16,300 families living in poverty in 25 states, but President Obama has said he plans to expand the benefit, extending it to every first-time poor mother in the country about 570,000 women each year. The Pre
9、sidents stimulus plan includes more than $3 billion in funding for early-childhood intervention programs such as Head Start and Early Head Start. The question is, will the money make a real difference in childrens lives? In a recent Op-Ed in the New York Times, Douglas Besharov of the conservative t
10、hink tank American Enterprise Institute and a colleague argued that expanding prekindergarten programs “without demanding reforms“ will not help children. Other critics have also opined that funding early-childhood initiatives is just a sop to liberal interest groups. But the science supporting warm
11、 and fuzzy early-childhood interventions is sound and is only getting stronger. “Theres converging evidence from neuroscience, social science and animal data,“ says Martha Farah, director of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania. “If you want to invest societal reso
12、urces where they will have the biggest benefit for all of us, clearly the evidence is there now that protecting children from the worst kinds of deprivation in their youngest years will result in more functional, capable, prosocial citizens.“ The NFP was developed in the 1970s by David Olds, a profe
13、ssor of pediatrics and preventive medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. NFP involves about 64 home visits from a nurse during the first 2.5 years of a childs life. Many of the new mothers who receive the benefit are single, are on welfare, have low education levels and are d
14、ealing with addiction, mental illness and family violence. Nurses visit once a week during pregnancy and early infancy, answering health questions, teaching basic parenting skills and, crucially, helping moms whose own early lives were often characterized by chaos build confidence that they can do b
15、etter for their children. These visits have a pretty good payoff. A 2005 analysis by the Rand Corp. found that for every dollar spent providing nurse visitors to high-risk families, the government could save nearly $6 in welfare, juvenile-justice and health-care costs down the line. Dividends for th
16、e families well-being may be even higher. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (J. A. M. A.) in 1998 found that after receiving visits by nurses during their mothers pregnancy and during their first two years of life, visited children in upstate New York were 59% less
17、 likely to be arrested than those in the control group. A 1997 study, also in J. A. M. A. , found that nurse home visits were associated with a nearly 50% drop in rates of substantiated child abuse or neglect in new families and that visits increased the amount of time between a mothers first and se
18、cond pregnancies. Rates of hypertension (高血压 ), which is known to interfere with fetal brain development, were also reduced. And mothers spent less time on welfare and worked more. Theres really no mystery to the programs success, says Olds. Simple interventions, like encouraging new parents to show
19、 affection to their children or to talk to them more, result in exponential rewards for babies. In poor families, adults tend to speak to babies only to issue commands, in a business-only style of parenting rather than talking to children to communicate affection, identify objects, introduce concept
20、s or teach language a phenomenon more common in middle-class and wealthy households. Studies have shown that by preschool age, children whose parents gesture or talk to them less in babyhood know significantly fewer vocabulary words than children whose parents engage them more often. That deficit ca
21、n affect students performance for years. What happens early has a long-term impact, says Olds. Indeed, about 90% of a childs brain growth takes place before kindergarten, so its critical to teach new parents what to expect as a child develops not only during pregnancy and early childhood but also as
22、 the child matures. A large part of nurse home visits are designed to teach parents how to respond to their children as they age and help them manage the extra burden of parenting with few resources. Says Olds: “Learning to understand childrens motivations and abilities helps parents treat them more
23、 sensitively and responsively, and that makes it easier for children to accept guidance and not respond provocatively.“ It also creates a less stressful environment and protects against child abuse and neglect, and those reductions can in turn cut childrens risks of later engaging in crime and suffe
24、ring from addiction, mental illness, obesity and cardiovascular disease. The key, according to Olds research, begins with properly trained nurses; home visits by paraprofessionals arent as effective. Despite the current shortage of nurses in the U.S., Olds says his program is ready to grow. “The NFP
25、 is shovel ready for substantial expansion, as long as we recognize that serving 500,000 new families per year will take time.“ But its an investment that self-propagates. Once the nurses have educated new moms, says Ballard, the mothers start educating one another. “Its so neat to watch,“ she says.
26、 “We give information to our clients, and they share with neighbors. One client was the go-to person for everything. Shed say, Talking to your babies makes them smart. And the other moms would always come to her.“ 2 What is Tammy Ballards job content, according to the second paragraph? （ A） Offering
27、 medical help to poor pregnant and new mothers. （ B） Instructing new mothers in poverty in child-rearing techniques. （ C） Helping females in poverty to be independent. （ D） Visiting poor families to understand their demands. 3 Ballard mentioned one father in her experience of home visiting in order
28、to_. （ A） testify how effective nurse home visiting is to the improvement of poor childrens life （ B） raise peoples concern about the poor families state of existence （ C） exemplify some new parents lack of basic knowledge about raising children （ D） tell us how surprised she was when she knew the i
29、gnorance of the father to his child 4 What change will happen if President Obamas plan comes true? （ A） Poor pregnant and new mothers will have more financial aid. （ B） The number of beneficiaries of NFP will increase greatly. （ C） More nurse home visitors will be paid to help poor mothers. （ D） Mor
30、e early-childhood-intervention programs will be established. 5 What is Martha Farahs attitude towards reasonable early-childhood interventions? （ A） They are beneficial to childrens healthy growth. （ B） They do nothing to the improvement of childrens life condition. （ C） They are just methods of sat
31、isfying liberal interest groups. （ D） They can interfere with childrens natural development. 6 According to a study published in 1998, in upstate New York, nurse home visits_. （ A） helped the government save a lot of costs of health-care （ B） helped poor mothers reduce their dependence on welfare （
32、C） contributed to the decreased rate of crimes committed by visited children （ D） avoided children being neglected by their parents in poor families 7 A 1997 study published in J. A. M. A. revealed that nurse home visits_. （ A） saved in welfare, juvenile-justice and health-care costs （ B） reduced ch
33、ildrens risks of later engaging in crimes （ C） prolonged time intervals between a mothers two pregnancies （ D） created a harmonious family atmosphere 8 Children whose parents communicate with them less in their babyhood would_. （ A） develop mental diseases in their later life （ B） know much fewer vo
34、cabulary words by preschool age （ C） be more likely to rebel against their parents （ D） be more independent in controlling their own life 9 According to the passage, if pregnant females suffer from_, it is destructive to fetal brain development. 10 According to Olds, when treated in a_way, children
35、are more acceptable to guidance. 11 According to Olds research, the success of nurse home visiting greatly depends on the contribution of_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will
36、 be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Ask his roommate to move out. （ B） Go to live i
37、n the supervisors room. （ C） Make even louder noise after midnight. （ D） Report to the person in charge of the dorm. （ A） He didnt like it at all. （ B） He didnt think much of it. （ C） He liked some part of it. （ D） He enjoyed it as a whole. （ A） Write an outline. （ B） Have a rehearsal. （ C） Meet his
38、 supervisor. （ D） Work at his office. （ A） Skip the professors class. （ B） Talk with the violinist. （ C） Perform in a concert. （ D） Go to enjoy the concert. （ A） Studying history. （ B） Buying lottery tickets. （ C） Registering for courses. （ D） Going to an art gallery. （ A） He is too sympathetic towa
39、rds her. （ B） He should choose his own career. （ C） He will surely be a good doctor. （ D） He has decided to study medicine. （ A） He doesnt want a new printer any more. （ B） He doesnt have enough money yet. （ C） He has just bought the printer recently. （ D） He lost the money he was saving. （ A） He ca
40、nt help the woman because its too dark to see. （ B） He cant let the woman in because there are no seats left. （ C） He cant help the woman because he doesnt want to miss the act. （ D） He cant show the woman the way because it is not the right time. （ A） They dont get rid of flabby arms. （ B） They can
41、 damage arm muscles. （ C） They arent acceptable to most people. （ D） They can raise ones blood pressure. （ A） Exercising the entire body. （ B） Having your blood pressure taken daily. （ C） Losing weight prior to exercising. （ D） Weighing in before each exercise session. （ A） Wearing arm weights while
42、 you are swimming. （ B） Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time. （ C） Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs. （ D） Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and forth. （ A） Find out if a rock-climbing course will be offered. （ B） Plan a rock-climbing trip over spri
43、ng break. （ C） Convince the man to take a rock-climbing course with her. （ D） Find a place to go rock climbing. （ A） The college doesnt have any rock-climbing equipment. （ B） There are no appropriate places for climbing nearby. （ C） There is no one to teach them how to do it. （ D） Not very many stud
44、ents are interested in it. （ A） Climbers have the opportunity to be outside and enjoy the scenery. （ B） Climbing isnt as expensive as other sports. （ C） Learning to climb doesnt take a very long time. （ D） Climbers develop skills useful in other activities. （ A） Increasing upper body strength. （ B）
45、Discussing popular climbing sites. （ C） Selecting the necessary equipment. （ D） Finding a climbing partner. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. Af
46、ter you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Family debts. （ B） Bank savings. （ C） Monthly bills. （ D） Spending habits. （ A） $190,000. （ B） $330,000. （ C） 500000 （ D） 1e+006 （ A） Invest into a mutual fund. （ B） Use the discount tickets. （
47、C） Quit his eating-out habit. （ D） Use only paper bills and save coins. （ A） Workers on the platforms and trains were replaced by machines. （ B） A completely automatic line was added to its network. （ C） It became the first completely automatic railway in the world. （ D） Its trains became manual-con
48、trolled. （ A） A platform worker. （ B） A computer. （ C） The command spot. （ D） A machine. （ A） To drive the train after it is started automatically. （ B） To start the train and to drive it when necessary. （ C） To take care of the passengers on the train. （ D） To send commanding signals to the command
49、 spot. （ A） To learn to recognize plants and animals. （ B） To set up a tent and learn how to cook by yourself. （ C） To get to know more about yourself and your place in nature. （ D） To learn how to make use of a map to find your way in the open air. （ A） Work and worries. （ B） A simpler lifestyle. （ C） Wilderness and animals. （ D） Canoes and camp grounds. （ A） To water the plants. （ B） To feed the animals. （ C） To take adventure alone. （ D） To treat n
