1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 582及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Be a Childs Slave? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1养孩子的压力越来越大，很多人成为 “孩奴 ” 2有些父母坚持为 孩子投资一掷干金，也有很多人对此不以为然 3我的看法 Be a Childs Slave? 二、
2、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passag
3、e; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Only Child; Revealing the Myths According to the Guttmacher Institute, a leading reproductive-health research organization, 64% of women polled sa
4、id that with the economy the way it is, they couldnt afford to have a baby now. Forty-four percent said they plan to reduce or delay their childbearingagain, because of the economy. Meanwhile, friends and relatives continue to urge parents of only children to have another baby. There are certain tim
5、e-honored reasons for having that baby. And family size can be dictated by biology as much as by psychology. But the entrenched (根深蒂固的 ) aversion to stopping at one mainly amounts to a century-old public-relations issue. Single children are perceived as spoiled, selfish, solitary misfits. No parents
6、 want that for their kid. Since the 1970s, however, studies devoted to understanding the personality characteristics of only children have debunked (揭穿 ) that idea. A Stereotype Is Born The image of the lonely onlyor at least the legitimizing of that ideawas the work of one man, Granville Stanley Ha
7、ll. About 120 years ago, Hall established one of the first American psychology-research labs and was a leader of the child-study movement. But what he is most known for today is supervising the 1896 study “Of Peculiar and Exceptional Children“, which described a series of only-child oddballs as perm
8、anent misfits. For decades, academics and advice columnists alike spread his conclusion that an only child could not be expected to go through life with the same capacity for adjustment that children with siblings possessed. “Being an only child is a disease in itself,“ he claimed. Later generations
9、 of scholars tried to correct the record, but their findings never filtered into popular parenting discourse. Meanwhile, the “peculiar“ only children“overprivileged, royally autonomous .self-centred, indifferent and overly intellectual“, as sociologist Judith Blake describes them in her 1989 book Fa
10、mily Size and Achievement. No one has done more to disprove Halls stereotype than Toni Falbo, a professor of educational psychology and sociology at the University of Texas. An only child herself and the mother of one, Falbo began investigating the only-child experience in the 1970s, drawing on the
11、experience of tens of thousands of subjects. Generally, those studies showed that singletons arent measurably different from other kids except that they, along with firstborns and people who have only one sibling, score higher in measures of intelligence and achievement. No one, Falbo says, has publ
12、ished research that can demonstrate any truth behind the stereotype of the only child as lonely, selfish and maladjusted. Falbo later completed a second quantitative review of more than 200 personality studies. By and large, she found that the personalities of only children were indistinguishable fr
13、om their peers with siblings. Undiluted (未稀释的 ) Resources Part of the reason we assume only children are spoiled is that whatever parents have to give, the only child gets it all. The argument Blake makes in Family Size and Achievement as to why onlies are higher achievers across socioeconomic lines
14、 can be stated simply: theres no “dilution of resources“, as she terms it, between siblings. No matter their income or occupation, parents of only children have more time, energy and money to invest in their kid, who gets all the dance classes, piano lessons and prep courses, as well as all their pa
15、rents attention. That attention, researchers have noticed, leads to not just higher SAT scores but also higher self-esteem. But if only children do get it all, doesnt that mean theres truth to the stereotype that theyre overindulged? Psychologist Carl Pickhardt tells us human behavior cannot be enti
16、rely reduced to numbers on a questionnaire. “Theres no question that only children are highly indulged and highly protected, but that doesnt mean the stereotype is true,“ he says, at least not based on his four decades of seeing singletons both kids and adultsunburden themselves in his office. “Youv
17、e been given more attention and nurturing to develop yourself. But thats not the same thing as being selfish. On balance, that level of parental involvement is a good thing. All that attention is the energy for your self-esteem and achievement. “ Researchers have analyzed the numbers from years of s
18、tandardized tests like the National Merit Scholarship exam to measure verbal and mathematical abilities. In each category, only children performed better than children from larger families. Furthermore, theyre expected to. Falbo tells her class that parents have significantly higher expectations of
19、academic achievement and attainment when they have just one kid. But Pickhardt notes that parental expectations are merely part of the pressure only children can feel. Much of it is self-imposed, he says, because of their notions of themselves as performing at a peer level with their parents. Will I
20、t Make Us Happier? As parents, we tend to ask ourselves two questions when we talk with our partners about having more children. First, will it make our kid happier? And then, will it make us happier? University of Pennsylvania demography professor Samuel Preston was conducting research to help him
21、predict the future of fertility, and the discovery that surprised him most was that parents felt so madly in love with their first child, they wanted a second. Thats an unusual finding. Talk to parents and youll often hear that they opt to have another because they think it will be better for the ch
22、ild they already have. Not many say they do it for themselves, no matter how much they may love the experience of parenting. A 2007 survey found that at a rate of 3 to 1, people believe the main purpose of marriage is the “mutual happiness and fulfillment“ of adults rather than the “bearing and rais
23、ing of children“. There must be some balance between the joy our kids give us and the sacrifices we make to care for them. Social scientists have speculated since the 1970s that singletons offer the rich experience of parenting without the consuming efforts that multiple children add: all the wonder
24、 and giggles but with leftover energy for conversation, reading and so on. The research of Hans-Peter Kohler, a population sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, gives weight to that idea. In his analysis of a survey of 35 000 Danish twins, women with one child said they were more satisfied
25、with their lives than women with none or more than one. As Kohler told me, “At face value, you should say that youll stop at one child to maximize your subjective well being.“ Ascent of the Onlies? A paper by Joshua Goldstein, a director of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in German
26、y, represents one of many exacerbating anxiety about the current low-fertility “crisis“ that has European economists and policy wonks (用功而严肃的人 ) in a panic. In the early 1960s, Europe represented 20% of the worlds population. About a century later, those numbers are projected to drop to about 7.5%,
27、despite the rise in minority and immigrant birthrates. Between now and 2030, demographers forecast the EU will have lost 13 millionor almost 4%of people ages 15 to 64. Meanwhile, the number of people over 65 will increase by more than 40%. Questions arise: Who will make up the workforce? Who will ca
28、re for the disproportionate number of elderly citizens? The latter is a question felt even more acutely on a personal levelparticularly in the microcosm of the single-child family. A 2001 study found that one of the most consistent self-perceived challenges for only children was concern about being
29、the sole caretaker for aging parents. Of course, having siblings is no guarantee that the burden of elder care will be shared equally or even shared at all. But imagining this emotionally loaded inevitability impels many people I know to have more kids, especially if they can afford them. 2 Accordin
30、g to the Guttmacher Institute, what has the current economic situation resulted in? （ A） It has promoted the development of birth control industry. （ B） It has significantly propelled the rise of education costs. （ C） It has caused more than doubled single-child families in number. （ D） It has drama
31、tically reshaped womens child-bearing desires. 3 What did Granville Stanley Hall do in the study of only children? （ A） He created the image of the only children as lonely misfits. （ B） He started a national network to legitimize his teachings. （ C） He knew close to nothing about credible research p
32、ractices. （ D） He claimed the disease of the only child could be cured. 4 What conclusion did Toni Falbo come to in her studies of singletons? （ A） She found that only children were rather peculiar. （ B） She found no distinguishable personalities in singletons. （ C） She found singletons were more in
33、telligent than firstborns. （ D） She observed that only children were socially retarded. 5 Why do singletons have higher achievements according to Blakes Family Size and Achievement? （ A） Because they make more efforts in academic study. （ B） Because they have no siblings to share family resources. （
34、 C） Because they try to fight against the prevalent stereotypes. （ D） Because they are non-negotiable in their future investment. 6 What does Carl Pickhardt say about parental involvement in the only child? （ A） It is hard to say since everything is double-edged. （ B） It is likely to make the child
35、feel overburdened. （ C） It helps the child build self-esteem and achieve success. （ D） It hinders the child from getting more education. 7 According to Carl Pickhardt, only children impose pressure on themselves because_. （ A） they feel the pressure and expectations from their parents （ B） they tend
36、 to come from families of low social status （ C） they are deprived of a full and happy childhood （ D） they consider that they should outperform their peers 8 What surprised Samuel Preston most in his research of fertility? （ A） That both parents and the first child feel happy to have a large family.
37、 （ B） That parents want to have a second child because they love the first one so much. （ C） That parents opt to have another child for their love of parenting. （ D） That parents who choose to have a second child are doing harm to the first kid. 9 According to a 2007 survey, a growing number of pare
38、nts choose to have just one child to enjoy_. 10 Joshua Goldsteins paper represents one of many worsening worries about the current_that makes European economists and policy wonks in panic. 11 According to a 2001 study, only children consistently perceive an immense challenge of_ Section A Directions
39、: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, yo
40、u must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Non-English majors are the sponsors of the lectures. （ B） English majors can only attend three weeks lectures. （ C） The lectures are mainly held for English majors. （ D） All students can attend the four week
41、s lectures. （ A） He will help the woman do the task. （ B） He would like to give the woman a lift. （ C） He will help the woman repair her car. （ D） He wants the woman to give him a ride. （ A） He will lose the campaign. （ B） He can be a good leader. （ C） He is bad at management. （ D） He is the ideal c
42、andidate. （ A） Snowflakes of the first snow are dirty. （ B） It is difficult to see the snowflakes closely. （ C） We should enjoy snowflakes rather than snow. （ D） It is the experts job to study the snowflakes. （ A） The weather is warm. （ B） The air is very clean. （ C） The weather is changeable. （ D）
43、The water is not cold. （ A） There is not enough time to finish the paper. （ B） They shouldnt hand the work to the professor. （ C） They are so lucky to get another three days. （ D） They shouldnt ask for more time. （ A） He is the manger of the company. （ B） He doesnt like the new employee. （ C） He wou
44、ld like to help the woman buy gifts. （ D） He has been working there for three years. （ A） He forgot the time of account class. （ B） He went to California with his wife. （ C） He took part in a field trip. （ D） He didnt like the information in account class. （ A） To pay the man back some money. （ B） T
45、o learn some exercise knowledge. （ C） To keep in good shape. （ D） To choose an expert she believes in. （ A） Changing customers habits in a scientific way. （ B） Designing the suitable exercise equipment. （ C） Providing health assessment for the customers. （ D） Helping to use the heart rate monitor. （
46、 A） She is recommended by an old member. （ B） She will sign up for one year. （ C） The club reopens this week. （ D） The club will celebrate its anniversary this week. （ A） The building with log shape. （ B） The traditional log cabin. （ C） The senior homes with logs. （ D） The blocking beams and walls.
47、（ A） In the river valley of European. （ B） Along the Delaware river valley. （ C） Along the mountain of America. （ D） In a European county. （ A） The shape of log homes was suitable for them. （ B） They had easy access to logs in that area. （ C） They wanted to change the European traditions. （ D） The w
48、ay of building the log house was easy. （ A） Look at the slides of the modern log houses. （ B） See some pictures of the mountain retreats. （ C） Listen to the presentation of the New Yorkers. （ D） Take a trip to the Delaware river valley. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short pa
49、ssages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It is the tomato fight in Brazil. （ B） Only local people enjoyed it. （ C） Lots of people took part in it. （ D） Many visitors watched the fight. （ A） By wearing plastic sheets. （ B） By washing them under a giant pipe. （ C） By swimming in a nearby swimming pool. （ D） By
