1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 691及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Rising Divorce Rates in China. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 描写图表反映
2、的问题 2. 你认为最近几年中国离婚高的原因是什么 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the in
3、formation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 New Hopes for Preventing AIDS The success of anti-retroviral (抑止肿瘤病毒 ) drugs in treating HIV is getting researchers at th
4、e 16th International AIDS conference excited at the prospect that the potent medicines might be exploited to perform double duty. Why not use the power of these ARVs to prevent an HIV transmission or infection from taking hold in the first place? Bill and Melinda Gates asked that provocative questio
5、n on the opening day of the conference, and are committing their considerable financial resources toward finding an answer. In their remarks, they highlighted the need to develop microbicides and oral-prevention drugs while we wait for a vaccine. And they will get their first hint at how smart their
6、 decision was this Thursday, when scientists from West Africa report the initial results from the first trial studying an oral prevention drug. So how realistic are the Gates in expecting even more from the ARVs? “I do think the range of prevention options we have within the next decade will greatly
7、 expand,“ says Dr. Helene Gayle, President of Care USA and co-chair of the conference. “The biologic plausibility for both microbicides and oral-prevention drags is so great.“ Dr. Mark Dybul, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator, said that if a microbicide or prevention drug becomes available to protect peo
8、ple from infections, they would be funded under the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief if countries chose to use them. “We would support all of that; it would be perfectly within our mandate to do all that,“ he told TIME. Preventing HIV is the only way to keep the number of new infections tha
9、t occur each year - 4 million - from growing. And yet prevention strategies, always the ugly stepsister to treatment programs, have not really taken hold in the developing nations where the rate of infection is highest. An effective vaccine, of course, is the ultimate prevention weapon, but as the G
10、ates pointed out, an HIV shot is still a long way off. In the meantime, microbicides could be one way to co-opt ARVs into the prevention war; these are chemical compounds, usually in the form of a gel or cream, that women can use vaginally prior to intercourse to stop the transmission of HIV - its t
11、he same idea behind spermicides (杀精子剂 ), which are chemical barriers to sperm entering the vagina and causing pregnancy. Its an elegantly simple approach, made even simpler by the fact that researchers didnt really have to start from scratch to come up with new anti-HIV compounds; they already have
12、them in the ARVs, which now interrupt the virus from infecting cells at various points in its life cycle. The key difference is that in a microbicide, the drugs are being used in healthy people rather than in those infected with HIV. When ARVs are used for treatment, both doctors and patients are wi
13、lling to tolerate a higher level of side effects - after all, if the choice is between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects, most patients opt for the latter. If the drugs are to be used to prevent infection, however, everything changes; understandably, healthy people arent as likely to accept the s
14、ame level of side effects and toxicities as those already infected. Thats why clinical trials are so significant. So far, there are 30 to 40 different microbicide candidates being tested in animals, and five trials in Ghana, Nigeria and other developing nations at the most advanced stages of testing
15、 in women. Dr. Gita Ramjee, of the HIV Prevention Research Unit in Durban, South Africa, has worked with all five, and is hopeful that they will prove effective and make an impact on the disease. Because these latest microbicides are reformulated ARVs, however, the problem of the virus becoming resi
16、stant to them is a potential drawback. Dr. Peter Plot, of UNAIDS, suggests basing microbicides only on the drugs do not make it through the pharmaceutical pipeline many are rejected because they dont maintain high enough levels in the blood to treat an HIV infection, but could be sufficiently powerf
17、ul to prevent transmission. But Zeda Rosenberg, CEO of International Partnership for Microbicides, which has sponsored a number of the trims, believes that since microbicides arent designed to enter the bloodstream and suppress HIV there, resistance wont be as huge a hurdle as it is for ARVs used in
18、 treatment. “The studies so far, with most of the ARV products, suggest very low levels of systemic absorption,“ she says. “It may be that there is insufficient absorption to select for resistance. But we wont know that answer until we do the efficacy trials.“ The first of these results, from Nigeri
19、a, will be released in September 2007. Even if they prove to be effective, Ramjee and others stress that microbicides - whether they come in the form of a gel or cream applied before intercourse, or as part of a delayed release ring inserted into the cervix that can provide the drug for anywhere fro
20、m 30 to 90 days - are not a physical barrier to HIV. At best, microbicides may be 80% effective in preventing the transmission of the virus during intercourse. To improve the chances that the virus doesnt slip by, however, there is always the possibility of combining the ARVs, in the same Way that d
21、octors currently do to treat infected patients. On the ground, however, Ramjee noted that its sometimes hard to keep patients enrolled. Not only do women often face opposition from their male partners to using the microbicide, there is the reality that many of the women enrolled end up getting pregn
22、ant, and as a result, have to drop out. (The trial sponsors, including USAID, NIIH and the Gates Foundation, do continue to provide family planning and other pre and post natal services to these women, if they choose to use them. ) Even more tantalizing (让人着急的 ) than the microbicides is the idea of
23、taking a pill before intercourse or other high-risk behavior, and thereby becoming protected from HIV. Drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEPs = Prevention of or protective treatment for disease) were born from the success of programs that prevent mother-to-child transmission; since ARVs given to
24、women pre-and-post-delivery are effective in reducing the transmission of HIV to the child, and using ARVs before exposure to HIV have the same effect in protecting partners. Five trials, all involving two compounds, Tenofovir or Truvada, are now underway in Thailand, Botswana, Peru, West Africa and
25、 even the U.S. Its being tested in groups at highest risk of transmitting the virus-commercial sex workers and gay men. “What you want is a high level of ARV in the blood and body secretions, so that when you are exposed to HIV, the ARV will kill the virus,“ explains Dr. Peter Plot, director of UNAI
26、DS. “Because at infection, the number of virus particles is very, very small, so you can inhibit or kill them before they penetrate cells or just at the early phases of infection.“ Piot, however, notes that if PrEPs prove effective, they will create a number of thorny ethical issues: How will use of
27、 the drug be monitored? Could it become a “party“ drug or a Viagra-like crutch that people erroneously believe will provide them with absolute protection? “Well need a lot of behavioral research, which I think should be initiated as soon as possible,“ he says. “Particularly when it looks like PrEP w
28、ill become a reality.“ Resistance is a key issue with PrEP as well, and if effective PrEP drugs are used widely, the problem of resistant HIV expands rapidly. “We need to be better about looking at what public health strategy we should use for ARVs,“ says Gayle. “There are a lot of potential pitfall
29、s, but our commitment has to be to make options available, develop options that are safe and effective, so they can be used by people who need them the most, and at the same time make sure we have policies so they are used in the safest way possible from a public health perspective.“ 2 ARVs havent b
30、een used widely to prevent HIV transmission or infection for lack of money. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The great biologic plausibility makes it possible to use microbicides and oral-prevention drugs to prevent HIV in the next 10 years. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Lack of prevention strategies and treatment
31、 programs makes the developing countries the largest in the number of HIV infection. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Virtually all patients choose to tolerate side effects when confronted with the choice between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 According to Dr. Peter Diot, _ cou
32、ld be powerful enough to prevent HIV transmission. 7 Zeda Rosenberg has an assumption that the latest microbicides dont cause many side effects by reason that the body system _. 8 According to Ramjee, the combination of _ is possibly the most effective in preventing HIV virus from transmitting durin
33、g intercourse. 9 Both mother-to-child transmission and partner-to-partner transmission can be prevented or protected effectively by drugs for _. 10 Dr. Peter Diot believes that it may be effective to use ARVs to _. 11 Widely using PrEPs may cause potential problems like ethical issues and _. Section
34、 A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During
35、the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She hasnt called the travel agency yet. （ B） The man may have to reschedule his trip. （ C） She doesnt know when her semester ends. （ D） The man should take his vacation somewhere else. （ A） Coli
36、ns speech was more interesting than any other speakers. （ B） Colins speech was dull because it was too lengthy and tedious. （ C） Colins speech wasnt very good but he will do better next time. （ D） Colins speech was good considering the difficulty of addressing so many audience. （ A） Decide for himse
37、lf what is best. （ B） Communicate his career hopes. （ C） Stop hindering his own progress. （ D） Look for another career. （ A） He plans to sell the books to a collector. （ B） The old books are worth a lot to collectors. （ C） He wont sell the books until he has read them. （ D） The books probably arent
38、worth much in terms of money. （ A） Brett wont try to get revenge. （ B） Brett wont be angry anymore. （ C） Brett will not always be so busy. （ D） Brett will have forgotten the womans words. （ A） The furniture is too heavy to move into the room. （ B） She thought the furniture would be more expensive. （
39、 C） She doesnt remember how much the furniture cost. （ D） She is still thinking about the furniture bought as a bargain. （ A） Find a hotel nearby again in a few days. （ B） Accommodate his parents in his dormitory. （ C） Ask his parents not come until he finds a proper hotel. （ D） Phone a hotel farthe
40、r from the campus for a reservation. （ A） They have to finish it quickly. （ B） They have to use what they have. （ C） They have to work hard and do their best. （ D） They must redo the project and hope it improves. （ A） Their busy mornings and days. （ B） Advantages of staying organized. （ C） Various m
41、ethods of saving time. （ D） Life of two disorganized persons. （ A） Both speakers often search for the other shoe in the morning. （ B） Both speakers have been banking online and saving a lot of time. （ C） The best way to cope with the problem is to keep clearheaded. （ D） Put books in order and you ca
42、n borrow them anytime you want. （ A） She does not trust online trade. （ B） She never finds the same phone number. （ C） She is organized but has a bad memory. （ D） She never knows what is in her purse. （ A） How to keep fish. （ B） How to make large aquatic appliances. （ C） If the man is qualified to b
43、e the apprentice. （ D） If the man is a good apprentice. （ A） The man is not determined. （ B） The man is poorly experienced in the aquatic field. （ C） The man is not honest. （ D） The man was late for the interview. （ A） A person who are familiar with fish keeping. （ B） A person who can work with larg
44、e aquatic appliances. （ C） A person who is hard-working and determined. （ D） A person who can work for her at least three years. （ A） He will come back to his hometown. （ B） He will go to the desert. （ C） He will work for the woman for at least three months. （ D） He will go for another interview. Se
45、ction B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Left
46、. （ B） Right. （ C） Backwards. （ D） Forwards. （ A） He smashes it with its long powerful tail. （ B） He bites it with its terrible pointed teeth. （ C） He holds it below the water until it drowns. （ D） He swallows it because he has a huge mouth. （ A） Because they have all been shot. （ B） Because they ar
47、e too dangerous. （ C） Because they are all hiding under the rivers. （ D） Because the weather does not suit them nowadays. （ A） A government document. （ B） A literary work. （ C） A social art. （ D） An individuals creation. （ A） Because they were not easily burned and can last long. （ B） Because they w
48、ere very cheap materials. （ C） Because they could be found here and there. （ D） Because they could add artistic value to buildings. （ A） Architecture and Literature. （ B） Development of Architecture. （ C） Classification of Architecture. （ D） Materials of Architecture. （ A） To interest students in a
49、career in counseling. （ B） To recruit counselors to work in the placement office. （ C） To inform students of a university program. （ D） To convince local merchants to hire college students. （ A） A job listing. （ B） A resume. （ C） A permission slip. （ D） Their salary requirements. （ A） Refine their interviewing techniques. （ B） Arrange their work schedules. （ C） Select appropriate courses. （ D） Write cover letters. （ A） They pay the same wage. （ B） They involve working outdoors. （ C） They
