1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 172及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Establish a Healthy Living Style? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1越来越多的人开始崇尚简单、健康的生活方式； 2造成
2、这种现象的原因： 3我们可以 Section A （ A） To do some clerical work. （ B） To own her own law office. （ C） To become a well-known lawyer. （ D） To practice law in well-known law offices. （ A） Her personal characters. （ B） Urgent need for lawyers in her country. （ C） Its social status and promising future. （ D） Her
3、 childhood dream. （ A） She can offer more help for people to buy their own houses. （ B） She can do a better job for a woman client in a divorce case. （ C） She can help people who are mistreated win more justice. （ D） She can make more money and be better respected. （ A） America has the best educatio
4、n systems. （ B） Female lawyers are respected there. （ C） She followed her parents advice. （ D） America has some of the best law schools. （ A） A government department. （ B） A standard unit for measuring weight. （ C） The value of precious metals. （ D） The humid weather. （ A） Checking the accuracy of s
5、cales. （ B） Calculating the density of metals. （ C） Observing changes in the atmosphere. （ D） Measuring amounts of rain fall. （ A） It was eroded by some chemicals. （ B） The scales are obscure. （ C） The standard for measuring had changed. （ D） It absorbed moisture and was inaccurate. （ A） It is relat
6、ively cheap for so much precious metal. （ B） It is difficult to judge the value of such an object. （ C） It is reasonable for an object with such an important function. （ D） It is too expensive for such a light weight. Section B （ A） Children will get absent-minded if they play video games. （ B） Chil
7、dren will get healthier if they change their diet. （ C） Children will improve their grades if they stop watching TV. （ D） Children will lose weight if they spend less time watching TV. （ A） Because they prove the direct effect of reduction in television viewing. （ B） Because they show the great impo
8、rtance of physical activity. （ C） Because they help settle on the best diet small children need. （ D） Because they indicate that children benefit much from TV programs. （ A） Children will move more and consume more energy if they dont watch TV. （ B） Children will spend more time studying if they are
9、 not allowed to watch TV. （ C） Children will eat more food to their taste if they have special diets. （ D） Children will be indulged in video games if parents dont supervise them. （ A） Through his hard work at training. （ B） Through his training as a preacher. （ C） Through his reputation as a preach
10、er. （ D） Through his attention to medicine. （ A） His ability to play the organ. （ B） His interest in medicine. （ C） His doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. （ D） His talents in preaching. （ A） His generous suggestions and help. （ B） His imprisonment in World War I. （ C） The responsibility of he
11、lping others. （ D） His impact on Western civilization. （ A） He was a man full of responsibility for German citizens. （ B） He was a man with little courage to face the threat of war. （ C） He was an eccentric man who loves hot weather. （ D） He was a man of many talents with a sense of idealism. Sectio
12、n C （ A） Money. （ B） Message. （ C） Media. （ D） Market. （ A） People seldom watch advertisements in holiday. （ B） People seldom give sports equipment as holiday gifts. （ C） People seldom make advertisements in holiday. （ D） People seldom use sports equipment in holiday. （ A） The soup tastes very bad.
13、（ B） The soup is too expensive. （ C） The socks are of low quality. （ D） The socks give wrong message. （ A） All applicants in US have to take it. （ B） It is the only college entrance test in US. （ C） It helps to measure applicants academic skills. （ D） It has been abandoned by all universities. （ A）
14、Students can apply without test scores. （ B） Students can decide which test to take. （ C） Universities can give their own tests. （ D） Students can choose when to take tests. （ A） It is the largest university in US. （ B） It values high school performance. （ C） It has a strong curriculum for students.
15、 （ D） It thinks highly of an SAT test score. （ A） It was only a single road. （ B） It was the longest trade route. （ C） It was built about 1000 years ago. （ D） It took about 80 years to build. （ A） He was one of the greatest emperors in Han Dynasty. （ B） He brought to Persia a new breed of horse from
16、 China. （ C） He was considered to be the father of the Silk Road. （ D） He was the one who coined the name “Silk Road“. （ A） Religion. （ B） Silk. （ C） Horses. （ D） Tobacco. （ A） It cost much less. （ B） It was not affected by weather. （ C） It was supported by the emperor. （ D） It was relatively safer.
17、 Section A 26 The English national character is dualistic: One aspect is conservative, the other extroverted(性格外向的 ). The pub is a fine example of the conservative aspect of English character. The pub, unlike the bar in the U.S., is a focal【 C1】 _for the “locals.“ One goes to the pub for the same re
18、asons one used to go to church: for fellowship and spiritual【 C2】 _. There is nothing flashy or plastic about most pubs. Many look like ones living room, full of soft chairs, couches, a fireplace, and bright lights. The pubs keep【 C3】 _hours, too. There are no all-night or 3 A.M. public bars. When t
19、he pubs close everyone goes home. The pub represents【 C4】_with control and in good taste. This control is【 C5】 _in English humor. Most Americans find nothing【 C6】_in English comedy shows, since English humor is word oriented while American humor is more action oriented. The same control that is foun
20、d in English pubs and humor is also found in the English【 C7】 _of living. Where else does one stand in line quietly for the bus or the taxi? However, there is another side to the English Character the【 C8】 _, the adventurous, and the innovative. It was not the U.S. but conservative England that prod
21、uced the Beatles with their long hair and sounds that have【 C9】 _a decade of rock musicians and adolescents. The English are innovators and experimenters in many areas: A. S. Neills Summerhill has become the model for progressive education. R. D. Laing claims that it is not the individual who is ins
22、ane but his society, which【 C10】 _categorizes him and forces him to fit into abstract norms. A)concrete E)influenced I)funny M)orthodox B)enlightenment F)indignantly J)pace N)constantly C)bizarre G)point K)perception O)exemplified D)pleasure H)amplified L)respectable 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【
23、C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Nurse Home Visits: A Boost for Low-Income Parents ANurse home visitor Tammy Ballard has had some memorable experiences in close to a decade of helping new mothers raising their children in poverty in Dayton, Ohio. Once, she arri
24、ved at a new clients home to find a TV news crew waiting outside: apparently, someone fleeing gunfire had sought shelter there. Another time, she knocked on a door only to hear screaming in response, but no one would let her in. Later she learned it was the familys parrots, which had been trained to
25、 shout at visitors. BBallards job when she can get in the house is to try to give low-income parents a leg up. She teaches them many of the same child-rearing techniques that give the children of middle-class and educated parents an edge socially and in school and that instruction is often eye-openi
26、ng for both Ballard and her clients. You would be surprised to know what new parents dont know, Ballard says, recalling the case of one father who thought babies couldnt hear at birth. “He asked, When do their eyes open? He thought they were like puppies,“ she says. CTheres no doubt that low-income
27、parents indeed, most new parents could use a little guidance. In some countries, like France, that guidance is institutionalized. Nurse home visits for all pregnant and new mothers are routine and free of charge, sponsored by the government. In the U.S. the national Nurse-Family Partnership program(
28、NFP)covers about 16,300 families living in poverty in 25 states, but President Obama has said he plans to expand the benefit, extending it to every first-time poor mother in the countryabout 570,000 women each year. The Presidents stimulus plan includes more than $3 billion in funding for early-chil
29、dhood-intervention programs such as Head Start and Early Head Start. DThe question is, will the money make a real difference in childrens lives? In a recent article in The New York Times, Douglas Besharov of the conservative think tank American Enterprise Institute and a colleague argued that expand
30、ing pre-kindergarten programs “without demanding reforms will not help children.“ Other critics have also stated that funding early-childhood initiatives is just a consolation to liberal interest groups. EBut the science supporting warm and fuzzy early-childhood interventions is sound and is only ge
31、tting stronger. “Theres converging evidence from neuroscience(神经学 ), social science and animal data,“ says Martha Farah, director of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania. “If you want to invest societal resources where they will have the biggest benefit for all of
32、us, clearly the evidence is there now that protecting children from the worst kinds of deprivation in their youngest years will result in more functional, capable, prosocial citizens.“ FThe NFP was developed in the 1970s by David Olds, a professor of pediatrics(小儿科 )and preventive medicine at the Un
33、iversity of Colorado Health Sciences Center. NFP involves about 64 home visits from a nurse during the first 2.5 years of a childs life. Many of the new mothers who receive the benefit are single, are on welfare, have low education levels and are dealing with addiction, mental illness and family vio
34、lence. Nurses visit once a week during pregnancy and early infancy, answering health questions, teaching basic parenting skills and, crucially, helping moms whose own early lives were often characterized by chaos build confidence that they can do better for their children. GThese visits have a prett
35、y good payoff. A recent analysis by the Rand Corp. found that for every dollar spent providing nurse visitors to high-risk families, the government could save nearly $6 in welfare, juvenile-justice and health-care costs down the line. Dividends for the families well-being may be even higher. A study
36、 published in the Journal of the American Medical Association(J.AM.A.)a few years ago found that children in the north of New York whose mothers were visited by nurses during pregnancy and two years after birth were 59% less likely to have been arrested 15 years later, compared with a control group.
37、 HAnother study, also in J.AM.A., found that nurse home visits were associated with a nearly 50% drop in rates of child abuse or neglect in new families and that visits increased the amount of time between a mothers first and second pregnancies. Rates of hypertension(高血压 ), which is known to interfe
38、re with fetal brain development, were also reduced. And mothers spent less time on welfare and worked more. ITheres really no mystery to the programs success, says Olds. Simple interventions, like encouraging new parents to show affection to their children or to talk to them more, result in huge rew
39、ards for babies. In poor families, adults tend to speak to babies only to issue commands, in a business-only style of parenting rather than talking to children to communicate affection, identify objects, introduce concepts or teach language a phenomenon more common in middle-class and wealthy househ
40、olds. Studies have shown that by pre-school age, children whose parents gesture or talk to them less in babyhood know significantly fewer vocabulary words than children whose parents engage them more often. That deficit can affect students performance for years. JWhat happens early has a long-term i
41、mpact, says Olds. Indeed, about 90% of a childs brain growth takes place before kindergarten, so its critical to teach new parents what to expect as a child develops not only during pregnancy and early childhood but also as the child matures. A large part of nurse home visits are designed to teach p
42、arents how to respond to their children as they age and help them manage the extra burden of parenting with few resources. Says Olds: “Learning to understand childrens motivations and abilities helps parents treat them more sensitively and responsively, and that makes it easier for children to accep
43、t guidance and not respond provocatively.“ KIt also creates a less stressful environment and protects against child abuse and neglect, and those reductions can in turn cut childrens risks of later engaging in crime and suffering from addiction, mental illness, obesity and cardiovascular(心血管的 )diseas
44、e. The key, according to Olds research, begins with properly trained nurses: home visits by paraprofessionals(专业人员的助手 )arent as effective. Despite the current shortage of nurses in the U.S., Olds says his program is ready to grow. “The NFP is ready for substantial expansion, as long as we recognize
45、that serving 500,000 new families per year will take time.“ But its an investment that self-propagates. Once the nurses have educated new moms, says Ballard, the mothers start educating one another. “Its so neat to watch,“ she says. “We give information to our clients, and they share with neighbors.
46、 One client was the go-to person for everything. Shed say, Talking to your babies makes them smart. And the other moms would always come to her.“ 37 Encouraging parents to express affection does good to babies. 38 It is best to invest societal resources into home visit programs. 39 In some countries
47、, nurse home visit programs are funded by government. 40 Nurse home visit is eye-opening because of clients poor childcare knowledge. 41 A nurse home visitor found that her clients raise parrots to scare away visitors. 42 Some people claim that pre-kindergarten programs wont help unless a demanding
48、reform is carried out. 43 According to a study, children are less likely to commit crimes if their mothers have received visits by nurses in early years. 44 Compared with middle-class ones, parents of poor families are likely to speak to babies only to issue commands. 45 To make it easier for childr
49、en to accept guidance, it is important for parents to understand their childrens motivations and abilities. 46 According to a research, an effective home visit attributes to properly trained nurses. Section C 46 A remarkable thing happened in New York recently: the state legislature, in effect, turned down the chance to win $700 million in federal money. No one does that, except extremely conservative Southern governors oh, and occasionally teachers unions.
