1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 175及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “ Heaven never helps the man who will not act. “ You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 wo
2、rds. Section A （ A） Because her grandfather is ill. （ B） Because her uncle will visit her. （ C） Because she has too much pressure at work. （ D） Because the auditors found some of her mistakes. （ A） She must wait till the auditors leave. （ B） She must choose a new director. （ C） She must keep in touc
3、h with her colleagues. （ D） She must report her whereabouts from time to time. （ A） Four hours. （ B） Five hours. （ C） Six hours. （ D） Seven hours. （ A） Driving her to Boston. （ B） Booking a flight ticket for her. （ C） Asking a friend to accompany her. （ D） Introducing her a prestigious doctor. （ A）
4、Because they share the same apartment. （ B） Because she likes the one he has bought. （ C） Because he has some knowledge on furniture. （ D） Because he is well-known for his wisdom. （ A） The considerable amount of money spent on it. （ B） The majority of time spent on and around it. （ C） The unavoidabl
5、e area it takes in a room. （ D） The significant impact it has on the atmosphere. （ A） The location. （ B） The function. （ C） The size. （ D） The cost. （ A） It should be eye-catching. （ B） It should match that of the room. （ C） It should fit the womans taste. （ D） It should be as common as possible. Se
6、ction B （ A） Some tissues are more vulnerable to cancer. （ B） Most types of cancers have been caused by unhealthy lifestyle. （ C） Some of the cancers have no specific causes. （ D） Smoking is a major risk factor for cancer. （ A） Other types of diseases are closely linked to peoples habits. （ B） Healt
7、hy lifestyle can surely lower the risk of getting certain types of cancers. （ C） People should make wise choices of everything. （ D） There is scientific evidence of the function of healthy lifestyle. （ A） Early detection should be attached much importance to. （ B） Its unrealistic to prevent people f
8、rom cancer. （ C） More resources should be put in the treatment of cancer. （ D） All types of cancers can be cured at their early stages. （ A） They help employers contact the employees. （ B） They save employees money on gadgets. （ C） They allow employees family to enjoy the equipment. （ D） They reduce
9、 employees total working hours. （ A） The previous surveys. （ B） Experiments. （ C） Employees complaints. （ D） Researchers observations. （ A） Most employees can separate their private life from work. （ B） Modern technology may lead to more work-family conflict. （ C） Modern workers are likely to work e
10、xtra hours without payment. （ D） Employees are eager to meet their employers expectations. （ A） Giving employees more flexibility. （ B） Showing more concerns to employees wellbeing. （ C） Improving the cooperation among employees. （ D） Making the use of technologies more wisely. Section C （ A） It is
11、the most important thing in peoples life. （ B） It influences peoples career and daily life. （ C） It has a large impact on the society nowadays. （ D） It has become a social problem nowadays. （ A） Change of tone. （ B） Fluency in language. （ C） Use of different types of words. （ D） Proper explanation o
12、f thoughts. （ A） They have to work harder at work. （ B） They can fill in any vacancy in a company. （ C） They will be popular for a long time. （ D） They could be special in a company. （ A） Make a joke about it and move on. （ B） Explain why and how it happens. （ C） Keep calm, apologize and continue. （
13、 D） Pretend not to notice it and go on. （ A） Incidents of workers caused global anger. （ B） Kafala system leaves workers open to abuse. （ C） An Indonesian worker was starved to death. （ D） Migrant workers can be targets of abuse. （ A） Her supporters paid the family of the man she killed. （ B） She go
14、t help from the International Labor Organization. （ C） She argued that her employer was raping her at the time. （ D） She spent a month in a hospital because of her injuries. （ A） It needs negotiation for better conditions. （ B） It requires at least a three-year suspension. （ C） It can become similar
15、 to human trafficking. （ D） It needs ILOs approval on Convention 189. （ A） Imitating the words in movies. （ B） Remembering words in a song. （ C） Listening and repeating words. （ D） Speaking the words to a rhythm. （ A） The three groups did exactly the same. （ B） The first group did the best in 4 test
16、s. （ C） The second group performed better. （ D） The third group came out on top. （ A） Singing could lead to new ways of learning a foreign language. （ B） Teachers shouldnt use music all the time to teach language. （ C） Language teachers already know the value of using singing. （ D） Adults learn word
17、s better when remembering them in songs. Section A 26 The selfishness of humans is a central assumption of orthodox(传统的 )economics, where it is thought to lead to benefits for the economy as a whole. It is what the 18th-century Scottish economist Adam Smith described as the “ invisible hand“. But ev
18、olutionary biologists have come to see cooperation and selflessness as a big part of our【 C1】 _as a species. During the course of our evolution, they point out, cooperative groups【 C2】 _outcompeted groups of cheats. So we are inherently cooperative when operating within our own groups. We have also【
19、 C3】 _social mechanisms to reinforce actions that benefit the group. “You could say teamwork at the scale of small groups is the signature【 C4】 _of our species,“ says evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilson from Binghamton University in New York. But【 C5】 _teamwork can include a competition mechan
20、ism to promote actions that benefit the group, particularly in larger groups. Its also important to remember that in-group cooperation evolved partly in response to competition between groups. This evolutionary perspective is radically new to economics, and it could be relevant to grand-scale econom
21、ic problems that require solutions involving cooperation between nations. Take the challenge of getting nations to work together over economic solutions to climate changea【 C6】 _focus in the run-up to climate negotiations in Paris, France, later this year. This is a gargantuan(巨大的 )problem from any
22、perspective, but it is【 C7】 _an issue of coordination for the sake of the common good at a massive scale, says Wilson. “ The challenge is therefore to【 C8】 _at larger scales the coordination and control that takes place more spontaneously at smaller scales,“ he saysfrom multicellular(多细胞的 )organisms
23、 to village-sized groups of humans. “Morality evolved out of cooperation within and competition between groups, so when acting as a single group to tackle global problems we will have to【 C9】 _the role of natural selection ourselves,“ Wilson says. This might involve pursuing a wide variety of【 C10】
24、_, identifying those that work best, and then creating incentives to cooperate on implementation. “ In some ways its the opposite of the invisible hand. “ A)adaptation I)particular B)assume J)promptly C)compel K)remarkable D)consistently L)rumor E)developed M)strategies F)effective N)success G)essen
25、tially O)suspicion H)implement 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Its Time to Pay Attention to Sleep, the New Health Frontier AYour doctor could soon be prescribing crucial sleep as treatment for everything from obesity to mental h
26、ealth as experts say carving out time for sleep is just as important as diet and exercise. BAfter being diagnosed with brain and lung cancer in 2011, Lynn Mitchell, 68, was averaging about an hour of solid sleep a night. Stressed about her treatments, she was paying for it in hours of lost sleep. Th
27、e brain cancer was already affecting her mobilityMitchell was often dizzy and would lose her balancebut the lack of sleep was making things worse. Even walking became increasingly difficult. Exhausted in the mornings, she was practically incoherent. When her doctors recommended she see a sleep thera
28、pist, Mitchell was relieved at how benign it sounded in comparison to the chemotherapy(化疗 )she had undergone, which had side effects like nausea and fatigue. CFor about nine weeks, Mitchell worked with the sleep therapist to adjust her sleep habits. She got under the covers only when she was extreme
29、ly tired. She quit watching TV in bed. She stopped drinking caffeinated coffee in the evening. She also learned breathing exercises to relax and help her drift off. It was all quite simple and common sense, and, most importantly, noninvasive and didnt require popping any pills. D“Its common knowledg
30、e that sleep is needed for day-to-day function,“ says Dr. David Rapoport, director of the Sleep Medicine Program at NYU School of Medicine. “ What isnt common knowledge is that it really mattersits not just cosmetic. “ Rapoport has long seen people seek sleep therapy because theyre chronically tired
31、 or suffering from insomnia(失眠 ), but an increasing number of patients are being referred to his center for common diseases, disorders, and mental health. EResearchers have known for some time that sleep is critical for weight maintenance and hormone balance. And too little sleep is linked to everyt
32、hing from diabetes to heart disease to depression. Recently, the research on sleep has been overwhelming, with mounting evidence that it plays a role in nearly every aspect of health. Beyond chronic illnesses, a childs behavioral problems at school could be rooted in mild sleep apnea(睡眠呼吸中止症 ). And
33、studies have shown children with ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍 )are more likely to get insufficient sleep. A recent study published in the journal SLEEP found a link between older men with poor sleep quality and cognitive decline. Another study out this week shows sleep is essential in early childhood for developm
34、ent, learning, and the formation and retention of memories. Dr. Allan Rechtschaffen, a pioneer of sleep research at the University of Chicago, once said, “If sleep does not serve an absolutely vital function, then it is the biggest mistake the evolutionary process ever made. “ FBut to many of us, sl
35、eep is easily sacrificed, especially since lack of it isnt seen as life threatening. Over time, sleep deprivation can have serious consequences, but we mostly sacrifice a night of sleep here and there, and always say that well “catch up“. Luckily, it is possible to make up for sleep debt(though it c
36、an take a very long time), but most Americans are still chronically sleep deprived. GWhile diet and exercise have been a part of public health messaging for decades, doctors and health advocates are now beginning to argue that getting quality sleep may be just as important for overall health. “Sleep
37、 is probably easier to change than diet or exercise,“ says Dr. Michael Grandner, a sleep researcher at the University of Pennsylvania. “ It may also give you more of an immediate reward if it helps you get through your day. “ And while theres more evidence linking diet and exercise as influential he
38、alth factors, sleep is probably more important in terms of brain and hormonal function, Grandner says. “Among a small group of sleep researchers, its always been said that eating, exercise, and sleep are the three pillars of health,“ says Dr. Rapoport. HIn our increasingly professional and digital l
39、ives, where there are now more things than ever competing for the hours in our day, carving out time for sleep is not only increasingly difficult, but also more necessary. Using technology before bed stimulates us and interferes with our sleep, yet 95% of Americans use some type of electronics like
40、a computer, TV, or cell phone at least a few nights a week within the hour before we go to bed, according to a 2011 National Sleep Foundation survey. “Many doctors, lawyers, and executives stay up late and get up early and bum the candle at both ends,“ says Dr. Richard Lang, chair of Preventative Me
41、dicine at the Cleveland Clinic. “ Making sure they pay attention to sleep in the same way they pay attention to diet and exercise is crucial. “ ITo some, sleep has become a powerful medicine to mental health. Arianna Huffington, president and editor-in-chief of the Huffington Post Media Group, advoc
42、ates that sleep is the secret to success, happiness, and peak performance. After passing out a few years ago from exhaustion and cracking a cheekbone(鹳骨 )against her desk, Huffington has become something of a sleep promoter. In a 2010 TED Women conference, Huffington said, “The way to a more product
43、ive, more inspired, more joyful life is getting enough sleep.“ Research linking high-quality sleep with better mental health is growing: a 2013 study found that treating depressed patients for insomnia can double their likelihood of overcoming the disorder. JWhile 70% of physicians agree that inadeq
44、uate sleep is a major health problem, only 43% counsel their patients on the benefits of adequate sleep. But theres growing pressure on primary care physicians to address, and even prescribe, sleep during routine check-ups. In a recent study published in the journal The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinolo
45、gy, the researchers concluded that health professionals should prescribe sleep to prevent and treat metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes. And overlooking sleep as a major health issue can also have deadly consequences. It was recently reported that the operator of the Metro-North train that
46、 derailed in New York last year, killing four people and injuring more than 70, had an undiagnosed case of sleep apnea. KSleep therapies can range from simply learning new lifestyle behaviors to promote sleep, to figuring out how to position oneself in bed. More drastic measures involve surgery to o
47、pen up an airway passage for people suffering from disorders like sleep apnea. Sleeping pills can be prescribed too, to get much needed rest, but sleep therapists tend to favor other approaches because of possible dependencies developing. LA large part of reaping the benefits of sleep is known when
48、youre not getting the right amount. According to a 2013 Gallup survey, 40% of Americans get less than the recommended seven to eight hours a night. While the typical person still logs about 6.8 hours of sleep per night, thats a drop from the 7. 9 Americans were getting in the 1940s. MWhen it comes t
49、o adequate sleep, its much more personalized than previously thought. Some people feel great on five hours of rest, while others need ten. The best way to determine if youre getting the right amount, doctors say, is to find out how many hours of sleep you need to be able to wake up without an alarm and feel rested, refreshed, and energetic throughout the day. NSince reforming her sleep habits, Mitchell has been clocking up to seven hours of sleep a night for the past tw
