1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Earth provides enough to satisfy every mans need, but not every mans greed.” You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 wo
2、rds but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） The man happened to see Anna fall on her back. （ B） The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed. （ C） The doctors therapy has been very successful. （ D） The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while. （ A） Gi
3、ve his contribution some time later. （ B） Borrow some money from the woman. （ C） Buy an expensive gift for Gemma. （ D） Take up a collection next week. （ A） Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet. （ B） Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother. （ C） Tell Tonys mother that she eats no meat. （ D） Dec
4、line the invitation as early as possible. （ A） She phoned Fred about the book. （ B） She was late for the appointment. （ C） She ran into Fred on her way here. （ D） She often keeps other people waiting. （ A） Simply raise the issue in their presentation. （ B） Find more relevant information for their wo
5、rk. （ C） Put more effort into preparing for the presentation. （ D） Just make use of whatever information is available. （ A） He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather. （ B） He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks. （ C） He has had his truck adapted for cold temperatures. （ D） He does r
6、outine truck maintenance for the woman. （ A） Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt. （ B） Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy. （ C） Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size. （ D） Replace the shirt with one of some other material. （ A） Not many people have read his a
7、rticle. （ B） He regrets having published the article. （ C） Most readers do not share his viewpoints. （ D） The woman is only trying to console him. （ A） To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals. （ B） To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill. （ C） To see if dolphins can l
8、earn to communicate with each other. （ D） To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one. （ A） Press the right-hand lever first. （ B） Produce the appropriate sound. （ C） Raise their heads above the water. （ D） Swim straight into the same tank. （ A） Both dolphins were put in the same
9、 tank. （ B） The male dolphin received more rewards. （ C） The lever was beyond the dolphins reach. （ D） Only one dolphin was able to see the light. （ A） Good or bad, they are there to stay. （ B） Believe it or not, they have survived. （ C） Like it or not, you have to use them. （ D） Gain or lose, they
10、should be modernised. （ A） The frequent train delays. （ B） The monopoly of British Railways. （ C） The food sold on the trains. （ D） The high train ticket fares. （ A） Competition from other modes of transport. （ B） The low efficiency of their operation. （ C） Constant complaints from passengers. （ D）
11、The passing of the new transport act. （ A） They will be de-nationalised. （ B） They lose a lot of money. （ C） They are fast disappearing. （ D） They provide worse service. Section B （ A） Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated. （ B） Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot di
12、nner. （ C） Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances. （ D） Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity. （ A） Have some fresh fruit. （ B） Take a hot shower. （ C） Exercise at the gym. （ D） Eat a hot dinner. （ A） They could enjoy a happier family life. （ B） They could greatly
13、improve their work efficiency. （ C） Many embarrassing situations could be avoided. （ D） Many cancer cases could be prevented. （ A） It has attracted worldwide attention. （ B） It will change the concept of food. （ C） It can help solve global food crises. （ D） It will become popular gradually. （ A） It
14、comes regularly from its donors. （ B） It has been drastically cut by NASA. （ C） It has been increased over the years. （ D） It is still far from being sufficient. （ A） They are less healthy than we expected. （ B） They are not as natural as we believed. （ C） They are not as expensive as before. （ D） T
15、hey are more nutritious and delicious. （ A） Writing articles on family violence. （ B） Hunting news for the daily headlines. （ C） Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville. （ D） Covering major events of the day in the city. （ A） It has fewer violent crimes than big cities. （ B） It is a much safer pla
16、ce than it used to be. （ C） Assaults often happen on school campuses. （ D） Rapes rarely occur in the downtown areas. （ A） They are very destructive. （ B） There are a wide range of cases. （ C） There has been a rise in such crimes. （ D） They have aroused fear among the residents. （ A） Offer help to cr
17、ime victims. （ B） Work as a newspaper editor. （ C） Write about something pleasant. （ D） Do some research on local politics. Section C 26 George Herbert Mead said that humans are talked into humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our
18、lives, our parents tell us who we are. “Youre【 B1】 _.” “Youre so strong.” We first see ourselves through the eyes of others, so their messages form important【 B2】 _of our self-concepts. Later we interact with teachers, friends, 【 B3】 _partners, and co-workers who communicate their views of us. Thus,
19、 how we see ourselves reflects the views of us that others communicate. The【 B4】 _connection between identity and communication is dramatically evident in children who【 B5】 _human contact. Case studies of children who were isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their men
20、tal and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language. Communication with others not only affects our sense of identity but also directly influences our physical and emotional【 B6】 _. Consistently, research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social iso
21、lation【 B7】_stress, disease, and early death. People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. A group of researchers reviewed【 B8】 _studies that traced the relationship between health and interaction with others. The conclusion was tha
22、t social isolation is【 B9】 _as dangerous as high blood pressure, smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that loneliness harms the immune system, making us more【 B10】 _to a range of minor and major illnesses. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 3
23、5 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 To understand why we should be concerned about how young people read, it helps to know something about the way the ability to read evolved. Unlike the ability to understand and produce spoken language, the ability to read must be painstakingly【 C1】 _by each individual.
24、 The “reading circuits” we construct in the brain can be【 C2】 _or they can be robust, depending on how often and how【 C3】 _we use them. The deep reader enters a state of hypnotic trance(心醉神迷的状态 ). When readers are enjoying the experience the most, the pace of their reading【 C4】 _slows. The combinati
25、on of fast, fluent decoding of words and slow, unhurried progress on the page gives deep readers time to enrich their reading with reflection and analysis. It gives them time to establish an【 C5】 _relationship with the author, the two of them【 C6】_in a long and warm conversation like people falling
26、in love. This is not reading as many young people know it. Their reading is instrumental: the difference between what literary critic Frank Kermode calls “carnal (肉体的 ) reading” and “spiritual reading.” If we allow our offspring to believe carnal reading is all there is if we dont open the door to s
27、piritual reading, through an early【 C7】 _on discipline and practice we will have【 C8】 _them of an enjoyable experience they would not otherwise encounter. Observing young peoples【 C9】 _to digital devices, some progressive educators talk about “meeting kids where they are,” molding instruction around
28、 their onscreen habits. This is mistaken. We need, 【 C10】 _, to show them someplace theyve never been, a place only deep reading can take them. A) acquired I)intimate B) actually J) notwithstanding C) attachment K) petition D) cheated L) rather E) engaged M) scarcely F) feeble N) swayed G) illicit O
29、) vigorously H) insistence 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Into the Unknown The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope? A Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older.The UN
30、 had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. B For th
31、e next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon t
32、here would be intergenerational warfare. C Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population agein
33、g is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage. D Whether all tha
34、t attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an e
35、ye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades. E The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政的 ) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may hav
36、e to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARPs head of policy and strategy, poi
37、nts to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers. F Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to persuaded that older wor
38、kers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers choice. But the reservoir of women able and
39、willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey. GIn many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highe
40、st it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%. H On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people
41、 in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice the
42、ir current size in western Europes most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases wou
43、ld be politically unfeasible. I To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻 ) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financi
44、al incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child. J And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of t
45、he world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countr
46、ies will be over 50and older people turn out to vote in much greater numbers than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of the
47、m they might start doing so. K Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of th
48、em lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at least once a week. L Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson
49、 and Neil Howe of Americas CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications. M For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050,America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in
