1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 227及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled The Importance of Competition by commenting on the famous remark, “survival of the fittest.“ You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essa
2、y on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） Calculating the budget of the department. （ B） Completing an open-ended question survey. （ C） Talking about the womans campus life. （ D） Discussing a complex experiment. （ A） Taker up her first job at school. （ B） Spend her summer holiday. （ C） Study for her Maste
3、rs degree. （ D） Study as an exchange student. （ A） The university regards chemistry as unimportant. （ B） The Chemistry department is under-funded. （ C） There is not enough space in the Chemistry department. （ D） The Chemistry department has overspent their budget this year. （ A） They are not devoted
4、 to their work. （ B） They dont take their students seriously. （ C） They are unsatisfied with the equipment. （ D） They signed contracts on behalf of the school. （ A） It is as good as the previous ones. （ B） It is more incredible than the previous ones. （ C） It is funnier than the previous ones. （ D）
5、It is worse than the previous ones. （ A） Fantastic settings. （ B） Special effects. （ C） Mysterious costumes. （ D） The theme song. （ A） It was a little bit weak. （ B） It was as strong as the previous one. （ C） It was funny and meaningful. （ D） It was a little bit boring. （ A） The man is still expecti
6、ng the next episode. （ B） The man will reschedule his time to watch the movie. （ C） The next episode will be released next year. （ D） The next episode will be much better than this one. Section B （ A） Children will get absent-minded if they play video games. （ B） Children will get healthier if they
7、change their diet. （ C） Children will improve their grades if they stop watching TV. （ D） Children will lose weight if they spend less time watching TV. （ A） Because they prove the direct effect of reduction in television viewing. （ B） Because they show the great importance of physical activity. （ C
8、） Because they help settle on the best diet small children need. （ D） Because they indicate that children benefit much from TV programs. （ A） Children will move more and consume more energy if they dont watch TV. （ B） Children will spend more time studying if they are not allowed to watch TV. （ C） C
9、hildren will eat more food to their taste if they have special diets. （ D） Children will be indulged in video games if parents dont supervise them. （ A） Through his hard work at training. （ B） Through his training as a preacher. （ C） Through his reputation as a preacher. （ D） Through his attention t
10、o medicine. （ A） His ability to play the organ. （ B） His interest in medicine. （ C） His doctoral degrees in philosophy and music. （ D） His talents in preaching. （ A） His generous suggestions and help. （ B） His imprisonment in World War I. （ C） The responsibility of helping others. （ D） His impact on
11、 Western civilization. （ A） He was a man full of responsibility for German citizens. （ B） He was a man with little courage to face the threat of war. （ C） He was an eccentric man who loves hot weather. （ D） He was a man of many talents with a sense of idealism. Section C （ A） It was her grandfather
12、who gave her the name. （ B） She had a very happy childhood in a large family. （ C） Her marriage with the sailor at sixteen was a failure. （ D） She died in a car accident at the age of thirty-six. （ A） She is recognized as the best actress in history. （ B） A lot of actresses are trying to imitate her
13、 acting. （ C） Her white dress is kept in a Hollywood museum. （ D） Her residence has became a popular tourist site. （ A） Critical. （ B） Prohibitive. （ C） Indifferent. （ D） Appreciative. （ A） It has two airbags or other safety devices. （ B） The maximum speed is 40 km per hour. （ C） It can work for bot
14、h long and short trips. （ D） It can be driven anywhere in the world. （ A） Mechanical failure. （ B） Heavy traffic. （ C） Extreme weather. （ D） Human error. （ A） 20% of them think self-driving cars are not safe. （ B） 20% of them have interest in self-driving cars. （ C） Half of them believe self-driving
15、 cars are not trusted. （ D） Half of them dont know about self-driving cars at all. （ A） It is the only company developing self-driving cars. （ B） It cooperates with Infiniti in developing self-driving cars. （ C） It needs to further inform people of its technology. （ D） It plans to make self-driving
16、cars available this year. （ A） It is located in Arizona. （ B） It was established in 1782. （ C） It is the largest national park. （ D） It was the first national park. （ A） The protection of national parks. （ B） The history of national parks. （ C） The service of national parks. （ D） The pollution of na
17、tional parks. （ A） It can be valid for seven days. （ B） A yearly pass costs only $18. （ C） It varies in different seasons. （ D） It is free for people over 62. Section A 26 After Susan Joyce was laid off, she was horrified to hear of two suicides in her layoff group. Such cases may sound【 C1】 _ , but
18、 being fired or laid off is undeniably one of lifes biggest blows and can lead to clinical depression, violence and alcohol【 C2】 _ , and so forth. Even the fear of losing a job produces more doctor visits and health worries. Layoffs create a sense of hopelessness. Stress-related complaints such as i
19、nsomnia (失眠 ) and headaches tend to follow,【 C3】 _ even after victims find new jobs, says University of Michigan psychologist Richard Price. Your health can【 C4】 _ simply from fear of losing your job, says Sarah Burgard, a sociologist at the University of Michigan. After【 C5】 _ data from two large n
20、ational surveys, she concluded that【 C6】 _ job insecurity over a two-year period rivals the anxiety of a job loss or a major illness. Fears of poor job【 C7】 _ may have similar consequences. When Swedish researchers asked 21-year-olds about their health during a recession, they reported more problems
21、 than a comparison group during a【 C8】 _ . If your stomach starts churning (翻腾 ) when you hear bad economic news, Susan Joyce, who now runs a job-hunting Website, has some tips. Start a discreet search as soon as you see danger signs in your current position. Prepare【 C9】 _ by cutting costs and buil
22、ding up disaster funds. Get help if you or a loved one cant shake the blues. Watch for signs of depression: changes in eating and sleeping habits, significant changes in weight, loss of interest in some pleasures. And, if possible, make health insurance a priority, as you may be more【 C10】 _ to illn
23、ess. A) deteriorate E) extreme I)abuse M) suffer B) analyzing F) lingering J) chronic N) vulnerable C) prospects G) occupations K) financially O) vanishing D) occasionally H) boom L) genuine 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 The B
24、eauty Advantage A Most of us have heard the story of Debrahlee Lorenzana, the 33-year-old Queens, N.Y., woman who sued Citibank last month, claiming that she was fired from her desk job for being “too hot.“ But for all the talk about this womans motives and whether or not she was indeed fired for he
25、r looks theres one question nobody seems to want to ask: isnt it possible Lorenzanas looks got her the job in the first place? B Not all employers are that shallow but its no secret we are a culture consumed by image. Economists have long recognized whats been dubbed the “beauty premium“ the idea th
26、at pretty people, whatever their aspirations, tend to do better in, well, almost everything. Handsome men earn, on average, 5 percent more than their less-attractive counterparts (good-looking women earn 4 percent more); pretty people get more attention from teachers, bosses, and mentors; even babie
27、s stare longer at good-looking faces (and we stare longer at good-looking babies). C A couple of decades ago, when the economy was thriving, we might have brushed off those statistics as superficial. But now, theres a growing bundle of research to show that our bias against the unattractive our “bea
28、uty bias,“ is more pervasive than ever. And when it comes to the workplace, its looks, not merit, that all too often rule. D Consider the following: over his career, a good-looking man will make some $250,000 more than his least-attractive counterpart, according to economist Daniel Hamermesh; 13 per
29、cent of women, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, say theyd consider cosmetic surgery if it made them more competitive at work. Both points are disturbing, certainly. But in the current economy, when employers have more hiring options than ever, looks, it seems, arent just import
30、ant; theyre critical. Newsweek surveyed 202 corporate hiring managers, from human-resources staff to senior-level vice presidents, as well as 964 members of the public, only to confirm what no qualified (or unqualified) employee wants to admit: from hiring to office politics to promotions, even, loo
31、king good is no longer something we can dismiss as unimportant or vain. E Fifty-seven percent of hiring managers told Newsweek that qualified but unattractive candidates are likely to have a harder time landing a job, while more than half advised spending as much time and money on “making sure they
32、look attractive“ as on perfecting a resume. When it comes to women: 61 percent of managers said it would be an advantage for a woman to wear clothing showing off her figure at work. Asked to rank employee attributes in order of importance, meanwhile, managers placed looks above education: of nine ch
33、aracter traits, it came in third, below experience and confidence but above “where a candidate went to school“. F Does that mean you should drop out of Harvard and invest in a nose job? Probably not. But a state school might be just as marketable. “This is the new reality of the job market,“ says on
34、e New York recruiter, who asked to have her name withheld because she advises job candidates for a living. “Its better to be average and good-looking than brilliant and unattractive.“ G Beauty is linked to confidence; and its a combination of looks and confidence that we often equate with smarts. Pe
35、rhaps theres some evidence to that: if handsome kids get more attention from teachers, then, sure, maybe they do better in school and, ultimately, at work. But the more likely plot is what scientists dub the “halo (光圈，光晕 ) effect“that, like a pack of untrained puppies, we are captivated by beauty, b
36、lindly ascribing intelligent traits to go along with it. H There are various forces to blame for much of this, from an economy that allows pickiness to a plastic-surgery industry that encourages superficial notions of beauty. In reality, its a meeting point of cultural forces that has left us clutch
37、ing, desperately, to an ever-evolving beauty ideal. Todays young workers were reared on the kind of reality TV and pop culture that screams, again and again, that everything is a candidate for upgrade. Weve watched bodies transformed on Extreme Makeover, faces taken apart and pieced back together on
38、 I Want a Famous Face. We compare ourselves with the airbrushed images in advertisements and magazines, and read surveys that confirm our worst fears. We are a culture more sexualized than ever, with technology thats made it easier than ever to “better“ ourselves, warping our standards for whats nor
39、mal. Plastic surgery used to be for the rich and famous; today weve leveled the playing field with cheap stupid jobs, and outpatient procedures you can get on your lunch break. Where that leads us is running to stand still: taught that good looks are no longer a gift but a ceaseless pursuit. I Debor
40、ah Rhode, a Stanford law professor and author of The Beauty Bias, is herself an interesting case study. During her term as chair of the American Bar Associations commission on working women, she was struck by how often the nations most powerful females were stranded in cab lines and late for meeting
41、s because, in heels, walking any distance was out of the question. These were working, powerful, leading women, she writes. Why did they insist on wearing heels? Sure, some women just like heels. J But there is also the reality that however hard men have it and, from an economic perspective, their “
42、beauty premium“ is higher, say economists women will always face a double bind, expected to conform to the beauty standards of the day, yet simultaneously condemned for doing so. Recruiters may think women like Lorenzana can get ahead for showing off their looks, but 47 percent also believe its poss
43、ible for a woman to be penalized for being “too good-looking.“ Whether or not any of it pays off, theres something terribly wrong when 6-year-olds are using makeup, while their mothers spend the equivalent of a college education just keeping their faces intact. “All of this is happening against a ba
44、ckground of more women in the workplace, in all kinds of jobs, striving toward wage equality,“ says Harvard psychologist Nancy Etcoff. “So were surprised but we shouldnt be how this beauty curse continues to haunt us.“ K To add an extra layer of complexity, theres the puzzling problem of aging in a
45、culture where younger workers are more skillful, cheaper, and, well, nicer on the eyes. Eighty-four percent of managers told Newsweek they believe a qualified but visibly older candidate would make some employers hesitate, and while ageism affects men, too, its particularly tough for women. As Rhode
46、 puts it, silver hair and wrinkled brows may make aging men look “distinguished,“ but aging women risk marginalization or scorn for their efforts to pass as young. “This double standard,“ Rhode writes, “leaves women not only perpetually worried about their appearance-but also worried about worrying.
47、“ L The quest for beauty may be a centuries old charm, but in the present day the reality is ugly. Beauty has more influence than ever not just over who we work with, but whether we work at all. 37 The idea of beauty premium is the beauty inclines to be better. 38 As the halo effect goes, we often m
48、istakenly equate beauty with intelligence. 39 Last month, a bank was sued by one of its former employees for unfair dismissal. 40 According to an economist, the good-looking advantage can make people earn more. 41 With the thriving of the plastic surgery, the pursuit of good looks becomes a ceaseles
49、s process. 42 As to land a job, more than half of hiring managers suggest spending time beautifying ones looks. 43 Managers consider experience as the most important attribute of an employee. 44 A law professor found that the nations most powerful females were often late for meetings because of wearing high heels. 45 Employers seem unwilling to hire qualified but visibly older candidates. 46 People think women should try to conform to the beauty standards but m
