1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 46及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “The shoe that fits one person pinches another: there is no recipe for living that suits all cases. “ You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You sho
2、uld write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） More knowledge is covered in a lecture. （ B） A lesson requires students active involvement. （ C） Students usually take an active part in a lecture. （ D） There is a larger group of people interested in lessons. （ A） The man shoul
3、d try to be more understanding. （ B） The mans wife should be more considerate. （ C） The mans negative attitude may be derived from his childhood. （ D） The pessimism of the mans wife may be the result of her past experiences. （ A） He left it at the airport. （ B） He enjoyed using it. （ C） He lost it o
4、n his trip. （ D） He left it in his friends car. （ A） He cant help the woman because its too dark to see. （ B） He cant let the woman in because there are no seats left. （ C） He cant help the woman because he doesnt want to miss the act. （ D） He cant show the woman the way because it is not the right
5、time. （ A） Talk with Mary about going to the concert. （ B） Ask Mary to stop worrying about the exam. （ C） Help Mary to prepare for the upcoming concert. （ D） Persuade Mary to spend more time on her study. （ A） The woman should spend money more reasonably. （ B） The woman should find a job to support
6、her family. （ C） The woman should apply for student loans again. （ D） The woman should stop worrying about money. （ A） He hasnt taken part in a debate this year. （ B） He believes the team was eliminated already. （ C） He doesnt know if the team was successful. （ D） He is too busy to go to the competi
7、tion with the woman. （ A） She has been offered a new job. （ B） She has been dismissed by the company. （ C） She has been granted leave for one month. （ D） She can stay at the company one month at most. （ A） Help her prepare the presentation. （ B） Give her extra time to finish the report. （ C） Give he
8、r some advice on doing the report. （ D） Hand in her report next Wednesday. （ A） The professor will often extend the time limit for assignments. （ B） The students will gain extra scores for handing in assignments ahead of time. （ C） The professor will penalize lightly for late assignments. （ D） The s
9、tudents will lose scores by the day for late assignments. （ A） Sympathetic. （ B） Skeptical. （ C） Grateful. （ D） Indifferent. （ A） He lost everything including his computer. （ B） He suffered from a serious car accident. （ C） He went abroad to join his family. （ D） He was transferred to another class.
10、 （ A） Problems the man has encountered when writing his history paper. （ B） The mans broken computer. （ C） The reason why staring at the computer screen makes eyes hurt. （ D） The womans article on the newspaper about eyes. （ A） It happens very fast. （ B） It gives eyes a break. （ C） It moistens eyes.
11、 （ D） It relaxes eyes. （ A） Have a rest （ B） Have a cup of coffee. （ C） Use eye drops. （ D） Sleep early in the night. Section B （ A） Different types of sandwiches. （ B） The most popular sandwich in UK. （ C） The origin of sandwiches. （ D） The reasons for sandwichs popularity. （ A） 2.5 million. （ B） 2
12、.8 billion. （ C） 60 million. （ D） 60 billion. （ A） It was created by a poor gambler. （ B） It is the primary form of hamburger. （ C） Its name was after a famous English author. （ D） It emerged as a snack for Englands super-rich. （ A） The US government. （ B） Yale University. （ C） The Singapore governm
13、ent. （ D） The National University of Singapore. （ A） The diplomas of Yale-N.U.S. College would be issued by the National University of Singapore. （ B） Yale University would not receive Asian applicants once Yale-N.U.S. College is completed. （ C） The National University of Singapore would be largely
14、responsible for hiring 100 professors. （ D） Yale-N.U.S. College would draw top students from all around the world. （ A） In 2011. （ B） In 2012. （ C） In 2013. （ D） In 2014. （ A） It is an online study website. （ B） It is a social communication tool. （ C） It is a non-profit organisation. （ D） It is a re
15、cruiting website. （ A） Half a million. （ B） Seven million. （ C） Half a billion. （ D） Seven billion. （ A） It will cause many social security problems. （ B） It will leak too much privacy to strangers. （ C） It will affect the way people communicate with others. （ D） It will affect a job seekers employm
16、ent opportunity. （ A） 20 times per month. （ B） 50 times per month. （ C） 70 times per month. （ D） 90 times per month. Section C 26 It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Dont the top men in industry earn【 B1】 _salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their co
17、untries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign【 B2】 _ often more than large industrial concerns and the taxman can only【 B3】 _their massive annual contributions to the finance. So who would envy them their rewards? Its all very well for people in【 B4】 _jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of o
18、thers. People who make【 B5】 _remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and【 B6】 _a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high
19、rewards. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be【 B7】 _what he can earn. But a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risk. He knows at the outset that only a【 B8】 _of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows years of concentrated effort may【 B9】 _comple
20、te failure. But he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the rewards for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. Thats the【 B10】 _of private enterprise. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35
21、 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Two groups of scientists demonstrated last week for the first time that the body launches a massive, effective counterattack on the virus soon after infection of HIV begins. If doctors can figure out how to reproduce that early, powerful immune response, they might be a
22、ble to develop better treatments to【 C1】 _stages of the disease. The researchers should be【 C2】 _ and more than a bit of luck. After all, to study someone at the beginning of a relatively【 C3】 _phase of the HIV infection, they had to find people who did not yet realise they had contracted the virus.
23、 It【 C4】 _that at least a third of HIV-infected people develop a fever or a severe sore throat within a few weeks to months after first【 C5】 _. Such signs, which usually clear up in their own, can easily be【 C6】 _as a bad flu. In order to identify seven young men suffering from a primary HIV infecti
24、on, the researchers took this project by【 C7】_in hospital emergency rooms and talking to colleagues. Using advanced laboratory tests that had been developed only in the past few years, both sets of scientists discovered an【 C8】 _growth of virus in the mens blood streams. Each litre of the mens blood
25、 contained as many as 10 million infectious viruses. Within days after the virus burst, the researchers measured a rapid increase in the bloodstream of the number of anti-HIV antibodies(抗体 ). These Y-shaped bits of protein sought out the virus and targeted it for【 C9】 _. Once the antibody attack rea
26、ched full scale in the seven test subjects, the level of HIV in the bloodstream dropped【 C10】 _. In the majority of cases, the researchers could detect little or no virus two to three weeks later. In other words, the normal immune system can shut down the AIDS virus. Now researchers must figure out
27、exactly how the body puts together this early effective defense and how the virus manages, years later, to avoid it. A)destruction I)abruptly B)interrupt J)segregation C)impair K)testifies D)residing L)lively E)misdiagnosed M)explosive F)exemplified N)silent G)persistent O)exhausting H)exposure 37 【
28、 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Decline of Colorado River is Severe AThe Colorado River, which flowed across the land with such gusto that it carved the majestic Grand Canyon in a merely five million years, once reigned as an unchal
29、lenged force in shaping and nurturing the Southwest. But then humans came along, and the mighty river has been reduced to a trickle in some places, even dying out in the desert during dry years before it reaches the Gulf of California. BIt doesnt take a lot of smarts to figure out that if you take a
30、way the water, creatures and plants that depend on it will die. But now scientists have compiled an extensive record of what the Colorado was like before humans re-engineered the river, compared to what its like now. CAbout 95 percent of the marine life in the rivers delta has been wiped out in less
31、 than 70 years. Where great beds of clams once flourished, ultimately providing the white sand that nature reshaped into large offshore islands, very little survives today. Whats astonishing is the scale of the impact. “Its pretty shocking,“ says paleontologist(古生物学家 )Michal Kowalewski of Virginia T
32、ech, one of the leaders in a four-university study of the price the environment has paid for reshaping the river. The study was published in last weeks issue of the journal Geology. DToday, the river is, at best, a stream when it reaches the gulf that separates the Baja peninsula and mainland Mexico
33、. The region used to be one of the most biologically productive areas on the planet, supporting billions of clams and other marine life in the nutrient rich waters of the delta. EThe researchers concentrated on clams, because their hard shells have survived the ravages of time, and those shells prov
34、ide a biological yardstick of the marine ecosystem, according to paleontologist Karl W. Flessa of the University of Arizona, one of the principal investigators. “The clams were in a sense a proxy for the whole marine ecosystem,“ Flessa says. “There were so many there because of the very high product
35、ivity of marine microorganisms which thrived in the nutrient-rich waters. Thus more clams means more wildlife ranging from tiny sea creatures to fish to birds.“ FThe researchers found that clams were so abundant that a total of more than two trillion thrived in the delta over the last 1,000 years, a
36、 density of about 50 clams per square meter at any time. That number today has been reduced to about three clams per square meter, if they can be found at all. GThus the scientists estimate a drop in marine life of at least 20 fold, but Kowalewski says that figure is “quite conservative“. “I think 2
37、0 times is a pretty staggering number, but in fact my hunch is that its probably much more than that,“ he says. There may have been 100, or even 200 times more marine life in the delta before the 1930s ushered in a new life for the Colorado, he adds. HSome would argue, of course, that what humans to
38、ok away, humans put to good use. Electricity from the Hoover Dam brought jobs and power to areas like Las Vegas, allowing that region to become one of the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the country. Without the dam, the lights of “glitter gulch“ would be more like candles. Water was diverted
39、from the river to farms and cities, turning some desert regions into bread baskets, and allowing major urban centers like Phoenix and the megalopolis of Southern California to prosper. But today, only 10 percent of the water in the Colorado even reaches the border with Mexico, depriving that desert
40、region of an essential ingredient for agricultural and urban prosperity. IIn the last couple of decades, federal officials have tried to respond to demands to release more water from the Hoover to protect the downstream environment, and in wet years the river gushes anew for a while. Kowalewski and
41、Flessa say theres some evidence that riverside habitats north of the delta have benefited from the increased supply, but that apparently hasnt been the case in the critical habitat where the river meets the gulf. The research shows that clams, for example, are not rebounding. JThe scientists believe
42、 the method they used may be even more important than their findings, because the same techniques can be used to chart the history of almost any coastal region back to the time before human intervention. Most marine species decay after death, leaving a scant record of their existence, but the hard s
43、hell of the clam persists. KBy dating 125 clam shells from the delta, the scientists were able to reconstruct the last 1,000 years. They found that the average clam lived about three years, so the period covers 333 generations of clams. The population remained quite stable throughout that period, Ko
44、walewski says, with an average of about 6 billion at any time. LBut the significance of the findings go far beyond the lot of the clams. The huge delta about the size of Rhode Island is a critical habitat for many species. It is the region where fresh water mixes with salt water, providing an ideal
45、nursery for all sorts of animals, like shrimp, fish and waterfowl. MSo the abundance of clams means the conditions were right for many creatures to flourish. Likewise, the decline of clams suggests that many species suffered from a deteriorating environment. That bolsters the claims of fishermen in
46、the region who insist that the diversion of water from the Colorado has had a profound impact on all sorts of marine creatures. NSo, where do we go from here? Water is such a prized commodity in the southwest that its not likely anyone is going to give up their share to help a delta in Mexico. Wars
47、have been fought over such issues. But Flessa points out that a little may do a lot. “The question for us right now is how much more fresh water would it take to restore some of these habitats,“ Flessa says. “The honest answer is we dont really quite know.“ OFurther research may show that a little i
48、ncrease in water flowing down the river maybe just 10 percent might do wonders for the ecosystem. But even that water will most likely have to be replaced by water from somewhere else, and its hard to find water in the desert. Conservation might help, but the Southwest is one of the most rapidly gro
49、wing regions in the nation, so every drop is precious. Without an alternative supply, Kowalewski says, the outlook is quite grim. “This is not going to improve,“ he says. “It is only going to get worse.“ 47 The group led by Michal Kowalewski carries out the research about the price which the environment has paid for reshaping the Colorado River. 48 The researchers are uncertain about how much more fresh
