1、大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the infor
2、mation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 0 Do Something Youve probably heard the common refrain, “Children are the leaders of tomorrow. “ One organization refutes that
3、 statement. They believe that children are, in fact, the leaders of today. That organization is Do Something, a not-for-profit Internet company that works to inspire young people to get involved in their communities and in issues across the globe to make the world a better place for all of us. Do So
4、mething wants to get young people passionate and involved in whatever cause drives them. Global warming? School violence? Teen smoking? Discrimination? Disaster preparedness? No matter what the cause, Do Something is working to inspire young people to take a stand and make a difference. The Roots of
5、 Do Something It all started in 1993. Childhood friends Andrew Shue and Michael Sanchez wondered: what if community service were as cool as sports and music? They imagined teams of young people tackling community problems the way they stand in line for concert tickets and dedicate themselves to scho
6、ol sports. Our democracy would be stronger, and the world would be a better place. So they set out to create an organization that would inspire young people to take charge of their world and become active for social change. While attending a conference as a speaker, Shue overheard the president say
7、that young people should “do something“ for their world. The words resonated(产生共鸣 )with him and gave him the inspiration to make Do Something the organizations official name. The goal of Do Something is to “harness the power of the Internet to help young people change the world“. The group wants to
8、inspire, support, and celebrate young people who have an idea, a vision of a better world, and who actually get to work to make their idea a reality. In short, they want to inspire young people to Do Something, challenge them to get involved. The organizations tagline, “Whats Your Something?“ speaks
9、 to the belief that everyone has a cause; its just a matter of finding the drive to take action. Five Guidelines for a Better World Do Something adopts “five guidelines to live by“. These form the pillars of the organizations philosophy. Kids lead. The organization is by young people, for young peop
10、le. While adult participation is welcome, it is by no means required. Do Something encourages young people to see themselves not as the leaders of tomorrow, but as the leaders of today. On the Web site, theres a section specifically for interested adults who want to get involved, Its labeled “Old Pe
11、ople“. Kids decide. Do Something isnt just some organization where young people have a say; they have THE say. While another organization may be led by a seasoned activist in the 1950s who is getting the next generation involved, Do Something is that generation and is massively involved and dedicate
12、d. Members like to say theyre pro-choice. kid-choice, that is. Measurable impact. Do Something is about results. Are you actually going out and making a difference? For some causes, results are easy to find. Youve changed a law, helped X number of kids to get off the streets, or built a computer lab
13、 in a poor area. But other causes are not so simple. What if your cause is the struggle against global warming? Do you have to sit around and wait for the global temperature to drop half a degree before you know if youve accomplished anything? Of course not results can be measured in how many people
14、 youve spoken to or how many signatures youve collected. As long as theres some level of measurable impact, youre doing good work. Free. As in no money required. Social change is not something that should be limited in any way. Likewise, the organization has a “no car needed“ rule. Anyone who wants
15、to get involved should be able to do so regardless of his or her financial situation. If you have a ton of money to invest in a cause, fantastic. If not, no worries. You can still make a tremendous change in the world. All you need to bring is your enthusiasm and inspiration. Web-based. Do Something
16、 is a not-for-profit Internet company. The soul of the organization is the Web site, located at www. dosomething. org. Here, young people from all over the world gather to exchange ideas and get things moving. If it cant be done online.find a way to do it online. This is the Internet age, and Do Som
17、ething is the Internet destination for social change in the world.The Web Site The Web site, located at http:/www. dosomething. org, is the “one-stop shop“ for young people passionate about changing the world. Each section is its own “ cause kit“ with over 20 pages of information, including news art
18、icles, statistics, donation ideas, and more. Each month, different causes are featured prominently on the Web site with PSAs(公共服务宣言 )and front-page exposure. But Do Something uses its Web site for more than just posting information. It wants to get young people involved. First and foremost are the f
19、orums message boards dedicated to specific issues such as global poverty, teen homelessness, and drug abuse. These forums are places where informed and interested young people trade stories and ideas and receive inspiration and information. An important aspect of the Web site is its ability to match
20、 up volunteers with the organizations that need them. The site breaks down the issues into a series of causes.Find a cause you like, drill down into that section, and youll often find links to organizations that are looking for people like you to donate their time and energy. Do Something Clubs Do S
21、omething Clubs are groups of young people who have joined together to work toward changing the world. They grew out of countless e-mails Do Something received from kids all over the country who complained that the local community service clubs in their areas and at their schools werent cutting it. T
22、hey were boring. The Do Something Clubs will never be accused of not doing anything. Anyone who wants to can start one at his or her school for free. Just get a group of five or more young people together(no adults required by Do Something, though the school might require one), plan some projects an
23、d let Do Something know what the club has accomplished and what measurable impact it has had on the community. There are no fees, dues, deadlines, uniforms, or anything else. The clubs belong to the people who create them, not to Do Something. But Do Something helps out the clubs with ideas, simple
24、supplies, and other support. Clubs are also eligible for $500 grants to help fund the cause. Do Something Clubs have done all sorts of amazing things. A club in Boston held a “ Kick Butts(香烟 )“ day to help motivate teens to do something about teen smoking. A club in Kansas held a toy drive for under
25、served children in their area. In New Jersey, a Do Something Club held a canned food drive over Thanksgiving. There are clubs all over the country, helping people and making an impact. 1 Do Something is an organization that dedicates itself to_. （ A） making the children the leaders of tomorrow （ B）
26、inspiring people to build a better world for the children （ C） dealing with issues about making our world a better place （ D） organizing children to donate to public welfare 2 The tagline of Do Something tells that_according to the passage. （ A） you are the leaders of today （ B） whatever young peopl
27、e do can be called a cause （ C） everyone has a good idea of making the world better （ D） everyone should make a difference 3 What kind of people is the section “Old People“ for? （ A） The creators of the organization. （ B） The participants parents. （ C） The adults interested in getting involved. （ D）
28、 Seniors with a vision of a better world. 4 What makes Do Something unique? （ A） Young people have a say. （ B） Young people have the final say. （ C） Young people have their own Web site. （ D） Young people have their own forums. 5 Do Something lays special emphasis on_to see the actual effect of ones
29、 work. （ A） signatures he has collected （ B） measurable impact he has got （ C） the numbers of people he has spoken to （ D） the numbers of people he has helped 6 Do Something believes anyone who wants to get involved only needs to bring_. （ A） patience and belief （ B） zeal and inspiration （ C） simple
30、 supplies （ D） service and imagination 7 Whats the primary purpose of Do Somethings Web site? （ A） Posting all kinds of information. （ B） Labeling causes with PSAs. （ C） Classifying different news. （ D） Motivating young people to get involved. 8 Do Something Web site matches up volunteers with the o
31、rganizations that need them by offering_. 9 Any child who sets up a club just needs to plan some projects and inform Do Something of the clubs_. 10 The clubs in Kansas, New Jersey and other places help people by holding a certain_. 10 The Hydrogen Economy Problems with the fossil fuel economy Curren
32、tly, the United States and most of the world is locked into what could be called the fossil fuel economy. Our automobiles, trains and planes are fueled almost exclusively by petroleum products like gasoline and diesel. A huge percentage of our power plants use oil, natural gas and coal for their fue
33、l. While fossil fuels have played an important role in getting society to the point it is at today, there are four big problems that fossil fuels create. Air pollution. When cars burn gasoline, they would ideally burn it perfectly and create nothing but carbon dioxide and water in their exhaust. Unf
34、ortunately, the internal combustion engine is not perfect. In the process of burning the gasoline, it also produces carbon monoxide(一氧化碳 ), a poisonous gas; nitrogen oxides, the main source of urban smog; and unburned hydrocarbons, the main source of urban ozone(臭氧 ). Some kind of converters can eli
35、minate much of this pollution, but they arent perfect. Air pollution from cars and power plants is a real problem in big cities. It is bad enough now that, in the summer, many cities have dangerous levels of ozone in the air. Environmental pollution. The process of transporting and storing oil has a
36、 big impact on the environment whenever something goes wrong. An oil spill, pipeline explosion or well fire can create a huge mess. Global warming. When you burn a gallon of gas in your car, you emit about 5 pounds(2. 3 kg)of carbon into the atmosphere. If it were solid carbon, it would be extremely
37、 noticeable. But because the 5 pounds of carbon comes out as an invisible gas, carbon dioxide, most of us are forgetful to it. The carbon dioxide coming out of every cars tailpipe is a greenhouse gas that is slowly raising the temperature of the planet. The ultimate effects are unknown, but it is a
38、strong possibility that, eventually, there will be dramatic climate changes that affect everyone on the planet. For example, if the ice caps melt, sea level will rise significantly, flooding and destroying all coastal cities in existence today. Thats a big side effect. Dependence. The United States,
39、 and most other countries, cannot produce enough oil to meet demand, so they import it from oil-rich countries. That creates an economic dependence. When Middle East oil producers decide to raise the price of oil, the rest of the world has little choice but to pay the higher price.Advantages of the
40、hydrogen economy It can be seen that the significant, worldwide problems are created by fossil fuels. The hydrogen economy promises to eliminate all of the problems that the fossil fuel economy creates. Therefore, the advantages of the hydrogen economy include: The elimination of pollution caused by
41、 fossil fuels. When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to create power, it is a completely clean technology. The only by-product is water. There are also no environmental dangers like oil spills to worry about with hydrogen. The elimination of greenhouse gases. If the hydrogen comes from the electrolys
42、is(电解 )of water, then hydrogen adds no greenhouse gases to the environment. There is a perfect cycle electrolysis produces hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen recombines with oxygen to create water and power in a fuel cell. The elimination of economic dependence. The elimination of oil means no de
43、pendence on the Middle East and its oil reserves. Distributed production. Hydrogen can be produced anywhere that you have electricity and water. People can even produce it in their homes with relatively simple technology. The problems with the fossil fuel economy are so great, and the environmental
44、advantages of the hydrogen economy so significant, that the push toward the hydrogen economy is very strong. Where does the hydrogen come from? In the hydrogen economy, there is no storehouse to tap into. We have to actually create the energy in real-time. There are two possible sources for the hydr
45、ogen: Electrolysis of water. Using electricity, it is easy to split water molecules to create pure hydrogen and oxygen. One big advantage of this process is that you can do it anywhere. For example, you could have a box in your garage producing hydrogen from tap water, and you could fuel your car wi
46、th that hydrogen. Reforming fossil fuels. Oil and natural gas contain hydrocarbons. Using a device called a fuel processor or a reformer, you can split the hydrogen off the carbon in a hydrocarbon relatively easily and then use the hydrogen. You discard the leftover carbon to the atmosphere as carbo
47、n dioxide. The second option is, of course, slightly perverse. You are using fossil fuel as the source of hydrogen for the hydrogen economy. This approach reduces air pollution, but it doesnt solve either the greenhouse gas problem(because there is still carbon going into the atmosphere)or the depen
48、dence problem(you still need oil). However, it may be a good temporary step to take during the transition to the hydrogen economy. When you hear about “fuel-cell-powered vehicles“ being developed by the car companies right now, almost all of them plan to get the hydrogen for the fuel cells from gaso
49、line using a reformer. The reason is because gasoline is an easily available source of hydrogen. Until there are “hydrogen stations“ on every corner like we have gas stations now, this is the easiest way to obtain hydrogen to power a vehicles fuel cell. The interesting thing about the first option is that it is the core of the real hydrogen economy. To have a pure hydrogen economy, the hydrogen must be derived from renewable sources rather than fossil fuels so that we stop releasing carbon into the at
