1、大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 326及答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 铜鼓 (bronze drum)文化是中国南方地区典型的文化代表。在古代,铜鼓多用于祭拜、 出征仪式 (deploy-ing ritual)和庆祝活动。它是激动人心的打击乐器 (percussion instrument),给人们带来极大的精神鼓舞。在战场上,铜鼓还被用于传送信号、指挥作战。直至今日,许多少数民族依然保持着在传统节日、婚娶和丧葬等场合 使用铜鼓的习俗。铜鼓文化极大地丰富了中华民族艺术的宝库。 2 元曲 (Yuan opera)是中国一种别具一格的文学形式和戏剧形式。它首先流
2、行于民间,内容充满了生活气息。元曲有固定的格式,但相比于 唐诗宋词(Tang and Song poetry),有较大的灵活性。历史上涌现了一批杰出元曲 剧作家 (playwright),其中以关汉卿最负盛名。元曲和唐诗宋词一样,是中国古典文学的重要组成部分。元曲的兴起对于中国民族诗歌的发展和文化的繁荣有着深远的影响。 3 天安门广场 (Tiananmen Square)位于北京市中心,是世界上最大的广场。整个广场东西宽 500米,南北长 880米,总面积达 44万平方米。矗立在广场中央的 人民英雄纪念碑 (Monument to the Peoples Heroes)是新中国诞生后在广场修建
3、的第一座建筑。天安门广场与其周围的建筑,被称为中国的心脏,是举行重大庆典的神圣之地。天安门广场还是著名的旅游景点,每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游。 4 郑成功是 明朝末年 (the late Ming Dynasty)的民族英雄。他的父亲郑芝龙曾为 海盗 (pirate),母亲为日本人,他本人则于 1624年出生于日本。在清朝的军队攻入福建后,郑成功的父亲向清政府投降了。而郑成功却带领军队在中国东南沿海地区抗击清军,成为抗击清军的主要军事力量之一。然而,在郑成功的一生中,最著名的事迹是他赶走了 荷兰殖民者 (Holland colonist),收复了台湾。 5 泥塑 (clay figur
4、ine)是中国古老的民间艺术之一。它的历史可以追溯到新石器时代 (the Neolithic Peri-od)。泥塑以粘土为原料,用手工塑制成人、花、鸟、虫、鱼等各种形象,其中以 “泥人张 ”(Clay Figurine Zhang)的泥塑最为出名。 “泥人张 ”制作的塑像精美而生动,富有浓郁的地域风情。随着中国旅游业的发展,泥塑已经成为广受欢迎的旅游纪念品,得到世界各地游客的青睐。 6 文房四宝 (the Four Treasures of the Study)是中国古代书画用具的总称,指纸、墨、毛笔与 砚台 (inkstone).文房四宝的质量对绘画和 书法(calligraphy)起着决
5、定性的作用。因此进行中国传统绘画和书法的文人都很注重这些用具的选择。 唐宋时期 (the Tang and Song Dynasties)的文房四宝因其质量优良与制作精美,为后世学者高度称颂。在某种程度上来说, “文房四宝 ”是促进中国传统文化发展的一个重要因素。 大学英语四级改革适用(段落翻译)模拟试卷 326答案与解析 一、 Part Translation 1 【正确答案】 The bronze drum culture is representative of South Chinas culture. In ancient times, bronze drums were mostl
6、y used at the sacrifice ceremonies, deploying rituals and celebrating ceremonies. They belong to exciting percussion instruments which bring people great spiritual inspiration. Bronze drums were also used to transmit signals and direct military operations in battles. Until now, many minority groups
7、still maintain the tradition of playing the bronze drums on the occasions such as traditional festivals, wedding ceremonies and funeral ceremonies. The bronze drum culture greatly enriches the treasure house of Chinese national art. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “代表 ”可译为 representative,常用短语是 be representative of。该
8、词作形容词时包含有 “有代表性的,典型的 ”,故可省译原文中的 “典型的 ”,而 “中国南方地区 ”表达为 South China已可达意,无需再译出area。 2第 2句中的 “铜鼓多用于祭拜、出征仪式和庆祝活动 ”可按其字面义直译,或用增译法把宾语中心词 “场合 ”(occasions)补译出来,举例 “祭拜、出征仪式 ” 用such as引出,译作 such as sacrifice ceremonies 。 3第 3句有两个分句,两句的逻辑主语相同,可将后半句处理成定语从句,用which引导。 “给 (什么人 )带来 (什么东西 )”可套用句型 bring sb sth,译作which
9、 bring people great spiritual inspiration,结构紧凑。 4倒数第 2句中的 “保持着 的习俗 ”可用短语 maintain the tradition 译出。状语 “在传统节日、婚娶和丧葬等场合 ”用介词短语 on the occasions such as traditional festivals 来表达。 【知识模块】 汉译英 2 【正确答案】 Yuan opera is a characteristic form of literature and drama in China. It first became popular among com
10、mon people as its content was full of the flavor of life. Yuan opera has its own fixed form but is quite more flexible compared with Tang and Song poetry. There appeared in history a number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous. Like Tang and Song poet
11、ry, Yuan opera is an important part of Chinese classical literature. The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China. 【试题解析】 1第 2句中的两个分句 “它首先流行于民间 ”及 “内容充满了生活气息 ”隐含因果关系,翻译时可将这层关系译出,把第 2个分句处理为 as或 for引导的原因状语从句。该句中的 “生活气息 ”直译为
12、flavor of life,该短语在文中实际上是指元曲讲述的都是日常生活,故该句也可意译为 its content filled with dailysocial life 2翻译第 3句 “元曲有固定的格式,但相比于唐诗宋词,有较大的灵活性 ”时,为了论述连贯,应将第 2、 3分句的位置对调。 “相比于 ” 用短语 compared with来表达。整句可译为 Yuan opera has its but is quite compared with Tang and Song poetry。 3第 4句中的 “历史上涌现了 ” 是无主语句,翻译时可将 “元曲剧作家 ”作为句子的主语,译作
13、 A number ofplaywrights sprang up ;或者可用句型 There appeared in history来表达。 “其中以关汉卿 ” 处理成用 among whom引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的 “元曲剧 作家 ”,译作 among whom GuanHanqing was the most famous。 4第 5句中的状语 “和唐诗宋词一样 ”表达为 Like Tang and Song poetry,置句首。 “元曲 ”则移至后半句作主语, “元曲是中国古典文学的重要组成部分 ”译作Yuan opera is an important part。 “中国
14、古典文学的 ”用介词短语 of Chinese classical literature来表达。 【知识模块】 汉译英 3 【正确答案】 Located at the center of Beijing City, Tiananmen Square is the largest square in the world. It covers a total area of 440,000 square meters, measuring 880 meters north to south, and 500 meters east to west. Monument to the Peoples
15、Heroes, the first architecture built on the square after the founding of New China, stands upright in the center. Tiananmen Square, together with the surrounding architectures, can be called the heart of China. It is the holy place where grand ceremonies are held. Tiananmen Square is also a famous t
16、ourist attraction with a large amount of visitors from home and abroad every day. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “位于北京市中心 ”可处理为地点状语,用过去分词短语 located at the center of Beijing City来表达,将第 2个分句处理为句子的主干,使译文主次分明。 2第 2句中,将 “总面积达 44万平方米 ”处理为主干 it covers a total area of.“ 整个广场东西宽 500米,南北长 880米 ”表伴随状态,可译为分词短语 measuring 880 me
17、ters north to south, and east to west,动词 measure表 “距离长度宽度为 ” ,用在此处生动形象。 3第 3句的主干是 “人民英雄纪念碑是第一座建筑 ”,而 “矗立在广场中央的 ”则为修饰 “人民英雄纪念碑 ”的定语。该句可按原语序结构,把 “矗立在广场中央的 ”译为定语从句,整句译为 Monument to the Peoples Heroes that stands is the first architecture ;或可将 “矗立在广场中央的 ”译为伴随状语, standing in the center of;也可将 “是新中国诞生后在广场
18、修建的第一座建筑 ”处理为 “人民英雄纪念碑 ”的同位语,表达为 Monument to the Peoples Heroes, the first architecture built, stands. 4第 4句最后一个分句 “是举行重大庆典的神圣之地 ”语义较独立,故 考虑分译为一个独立的句子。定语 “举行重大庆典的 ”较长,且含有动作,故译为定语从句,置于被修饰词 holy place之后。 5最后一句后半句的 “每天都有大量的中外游客到此参观旅游 ”的逻辑主语与前半句中的主语 “天安门广场 ”不一致,翻译时可稍作处理,将其意思转换为 “每天吸引大量的中外游客到此 ” ,译为 attr
19、acting a large amount of tourists, 表伴随状态。或可用介词短语 with a large amount of visitors作后置定语,修饰tourist attraction。 “到此参观旅游 ”承前的 “旅游景点 ”可省略不译。 【知识模块】 汉译英 4 【正确答案】 Zheng Chenggong was a national hero in the late Ming Dynasty. His father, Zheng Zhilong, used to be a pirate and his mother was a Japanese. Zheng
20、 Chenggong was bom in Japan in 1624. After the Qing army broke into Fujian Province, Zheng Chenggongs father surrendered to the Qing government But Zheng Chenggong himself led his army to resist the Qing army in the coastal area of Southeast China, becoming one of the main military forces fighting a
21、gainst the Qing army. However, in Zheng Chenggongs life, the most famous deed was that he drove the Holland colonists away and recovered Taiwan. 【试题解析】 1第 2句有三个分句,前两句讲述郑成功的父母,第 3个分句则是讲郑成功本人的出生,故可将前两个分句合译为一句,第 3个分句另译成一句。 “他的父亲郑芝龙曾为海盗 ”一句中的 “曾为 ” 使用句型 used to be来表达。“于 1624年出生于日本 ”中既包含时间状语 in 1624,也有地点
22、状语 in Japan,英译时,一般地点状语更靠近中心词,时间状语更远离中心词,故译为 born in Japan in 1624。 2第 3句 “在清朝的军队 后,郑成功的父亲 ” 有明显的先后顺序,前一个分句可处理为 after引导的时间状语从句,时态可用一般过去时或过去完成时,而主句则使用一般过去时。 3翻译第 4句的 “郑成功却带领军队在中国东南沿海地区抗击清军 ”时可套用结构lead sb to do sth (带领某人做某事 )。地点状语 “在中国东南沿海地区 ”表达为 in the coastal area of Southeast China,按英语表达习惯,置于句末。 “成为
23、 主要军事力量之一 ”表结果,故将其处理为结果状语,用现在分词短语 becoming one of the main military forces,其中定语 “抗击清军的 ”用现在分词短语 fighting against the Qing army来表达。 4最后一句中的 “他赶走了荷兰殖民者,收复了台湾 ”作表语从句,用 that引导,该句为并列结构,表达为 he drove away and recovered。 【知识模块】 汉译英 5 【正确答案】 Clay figurine is one of the old folk arts in China. Its history can
24、 date back to the Neolithic Period. With the clay as raw material, clay figurines are made manually into various images of humans, flowers, birds, insects and fish, among which the most famous are those by Clay Figurine Zhang. Delicate and vivid, his clay figurines are rich in regional customs. With
25、 the development of Chinas tourism industry, clay figurines have become popular travel souvenirs, favored by tourists from all over the world. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “ 是中国古老的民间艺术之一 ”可逐字对译为 is one of Chinese old folk arts,但不如译为 is one of the old folk arts in China 顺口地道。 2第 3句中的 “以粘土为原料 ”为方式状语,用介词短语 with the
26、clay as raw material来表达, “用手工塑制成 ”的主语为 “泥塑 ”,实则表被动, 故译为 clay figurines are made manually into。 “其中以 泥人张 的泥塑最为出名 ”是解释说明“泥塑 ”的,故可用 among which引导的非限制性定语从句来译出,表达为 among which the most famous are those by Clay Figurine Zhang,用 those来代替 clay figurines,以避免重复。 3第 4句中的 “精美而生动 ”是 “泥人张 ”制作的塑像的特点,为该句所强调的重点,因此应将
27、 delicate and vivid置于 句首表强调。 “泥人张 制作的塑像 ”则移至后半句作主语,可承上一句简略表达为 his clay figurines。 4最后一句中的 “随着中国旅游业的发展 ”表伴随,作状语,因此用介词短语 with the development of Chinas tourism industry来表达。因该句已有谓语,故将 “得到世界各地游客的青睐 ”处理为状语,用过去分词短语 favored by tourists from all over the world来表达。 【知识模块】 汉译英 6 【正确答案】 The Four Treasures of t
28、he Study is a general term for a set of tools for painting and writing in ancient China, namely paper, ink, brush pen and ink stone. The quality of the Four Treasures of the Study plays a decisive role in ones painting and calligraphy. Therefore, scholars engaging in traditional Chinese painting and
29、 calligraphy attached much importance to the choice of the tools. The products of “the Four Treasures of the Study“ elaborately made during the Tang and Song Dynasties are highly praised by later scholars for their superior quality. To some extent, the Four Treasures of the Study is an important fac
30、tor which has promoted the development of traditional Chinese culture. 【试题解析】 1第 1句中的 “书画用具 ”表达为 tools for painting and writing,译文中增译 “一套 ”(a set of)使表达更为精准。 “指纸、墨、毛笔与砚台 ”是对前述内容的具体说明,可处理为插入语,用 namely“即,也就是 ”引导。 2第 3句中修饰 “文人 ”的定语 “进行中国传统绘画和书法的 ”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用分词短语 engaging in 来表达,亦可用从句 who engaged in
31、 来表达。 3第 4句中的修饰成分较多,翻译时应先译出句子主干: “文房四宝为后世学者高度称颂 ”,译为 the products of“the Four Treasures of the study”are highly praised by later scholars,译文中增译 “产品,成品 ”(the products of)更贴切原意。“因其质量优良与制作精美 ”可处理为原因状语从句,译作 because they were elaborately made and of superior quality,但不如译文 the productselaborately madeare highly praisedfor their superior quality 表达得简洁、地道。 4最后一句中修饰 “重要因素 ”的定语 “促进 中国传统文化发展的 ”较长,故将其处理成后置定语,用从句 which has promoted the development 来表达。 【知识模块】 汉译英