1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 105及答案与解析 Section A 0 In recent years, more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States. Both the advantages and the disadvantages of using foreign【 C1】 _in teaching positions have to be considered, of course. It can be said that the foreign【 C2】
2、 _that makes the faculty member from abroad an asset also creates problems of【 C3】 _, both for the university and for the【 C4】 _. The foreign research scholar usually【 C5】 _himself in the laboratory as a means of protection; however, what he needs is to be fitted to a highly【 C6】 _university system
3、quite different from that at home. He is faced in his daily work with differences in philosophy, arrangements of courses and methods of teaching. Both the visiting professor and his students【 C7】 _background in each others cultures. Some concept of what is already in the minds of American students i
4、s required by the foreign professor. While helping him to【 C8】_himself to his new environment, the university must also make certain adjustments in order to take full advantage of what the newcomer can offer. How to make【 C9】 _ use of foreign faculty is still a question to be solved,【 C10】 _at small
5、er colleges. This is thought to be a field where further study is called for. The findings of such a study will be of value to colleges and universities with foreign faculty. A)organized F)apply K)adapt B)separates G)background L)powerful C)lack H)capability M)faculty D)especially I)individual N)sup
6、eriority E)adjustment J)specially O)isolates 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 10 The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed US society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done【 C1】 _by womenranging from fami
7、ly shopping to preparing meals to doing【 C2】 _workstill need to be done by someone. Husbands and children now do some of these jobs,a【 C3】 _that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time“ and look for help elsewhere, creating opportuniti
8、es for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like. Although there is still a big wage【 C4】 _between men and women, the income working women【 C5】 _ gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now【 C6】 _about half of all cars. Not
9、 long ago, many car dealers【 C7】 _women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are 【 C8】 _ customers. Its interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to【 C9】 _pay attention to women customers.
10、In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars the Japanese society is still very much male-oriented. Perhaps it was the【 C10】 _ contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers. A)scale F)affordable K)voluntary B)retailed G)situation L)excessive C)gener
11、ate H)really M)insulted D)extreme I)potential N)purchase E)technically J)gap O)primarily 11 【 C1】 12 【 C2】 13 【 C3】 14 【 C4】 15 【 C5】 16 【 C6】 17 【 C7】 18 【 C8】 19 【 C9】 20 【 C10】 20 El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange【
12、 C1】 _ happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds (信风 ), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in【 C2】 _ ,the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in fr
13、om the east to warm up by as much as 5C. The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid(潮湿的 )air over the ocean causes severe【 C3】 _ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America,【 C4】 _ floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia an
14、d Indonesia. So while some parts or the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and【 C5】 _. El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-1983 El Nino brought the most【 C6】_ weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2 000 p
15、eople dead and caused over eight billion pounds【 C7】 _ of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists【 C8】 _ this to be the longest El Nino for 2 000 years. Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will【 C9】 _, but they are still not【 C10】 _ sure what leads to i
16、t or what affects how strong it will be. A)estimate F)phenomenon K)starvation B)strength G)stable L)bringing C)deliberately H)attraction M)exhaustion D)notify I)completely N)worth E)tropical J)destructive O)strike 21 【 C1】 22 【 C2】 23 【 C3】 24 【 C4】 25 【 C5】 26 【 C6】 27 【 C7】 28 【 C8】 29 【 C9】 30 【
17、C10】 Section B 30 Universities Branch Out A)As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent
18、 required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. B)In respons
19、e to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of stud
20、y that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的 )research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. C)Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students l
21、eaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3. 9 percent, from 800 000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing cou
22、ntries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best inst
23、itutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad. D)Universitie
24、s are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140 000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2 200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, inst
25、itutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习 )abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible. E)Globalizati
26、on is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University,
27、in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4 300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both ca
28、mpuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his US team. F)As a result of its strength in s
29、cience, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure(基础设施 )and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and
30、industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps m
31、ost successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university. G)For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research university model. Most politicians recognize
32、 the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engine
33、ering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year. H)A
34、merican politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40
35、 years ago.In the wake of September 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to US universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders
36、led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. I)Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign stud
37、ents threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and-like immigrants throughout historystrengthen the nati
38、on; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视 )values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability a
39、s welcoming international university students. 31 Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent. 32 Yales collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research illustrates the general trend of universities globalization. 33 Present-
40、day universities have become a powerful force for global integration. 34 Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship. 35 In the United States, 20% newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born. 36
41、The US federal funding for research has been unsteady for years. 37 Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University. 38 The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the US in that the very best of them will stay and strengthen the nation. 39 The dramatic decline in the enroll
42、ment of foreign students in the US after September 11 was caused by changes in the visa process. 40 Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will take their knowledge and skills back home. 40 Ten Tips for Saving Money in College A)College can be an
43、expensive endeavor, even with scholarships and other kinds of financial aid. Its difficult enough balancing a class schedulethe thought of balancing a check book, on the other hand, can strike fear into the hearts of even the most studious mathematicians. Everything from textbooks, food, transportat
44、ion, supplies and entertainmentthese will all cost you money. Theres no getting around it. However, there are easy ways to save. Here are several ways to avoid the constant panic of going broke: Buy Textbooks from Used Bookstores B)New textbooks from university bookstores can be very expensive. Bran
45、d new editions of chemistry books, for instance, can cost as much as $300, and thats not including any lab material. However, you can cut costs on reading materials and not starve. Look around for used bookstores. Most college campuses should have several-the prices are heavily discounted, and book
46、conditions are usually good. If you have enough time before classes start, check out the Internet for your books. Even with shipping charges, prices can turn out to be cheaper from online bookstores. And dont forgetsome of your friends might have taken a course in the past. Ask around and see if you
47、 can borrow from someone. Seek Alternative Transportation C)Instead of driving to class and spending money on gas, parking passes and possible tickets, look into a local bus or subway system. If the system is run by your university, youll probably be able to ride for free with a student ID. If a tra
48、nsportation system doesnt exist (or the existing one isnt safe or reliable), try to work out class schedules with friends and carpool. If youre close enough, walk or bike to class and get some much-needed exercise. Choose the Right Meal Plan . D)Campus meal plans vary depending on the universityfood
49、 quality, how often you eat, how much you eat, and location are all factors. A meal plan can be a good deal, however, so do a little research and see if its worth it. Grab a brochure; ask meal plan veterans; anything to get a little taste. Some universities offer off-campus meal plans, too. These usually involve deals with food chains, so make sure the plan is appealing to you. If you dec
