1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 117及答案与解析 Section C 0 Mayor Michael Bloombergs administration received a major setback when a judge halted its plan to limit the size of sugary drinks in New York City. The mayor had hoped the law would slow the pace of the obesity epidemic by limiting the number of empty calories
2、 citizens drink daily. Although the link between sugary drinks and obesity is only circumstantial, most public-health experts strongly supported the move. The average American takes in about 170 calories a day from sugary drinks, and our consumption has doubled in the past few decades, mirroring the
3、 rise in obesity. The verdict delighted fans of enormous sugary drinks everywhere. To them, this attempt to limit their freedom to drink nutrition-free colored sugar water deprived them of their inalienable right to be as unhealthy as they wish. I have just two words for celebrants: seat belts. Sinc
4、e 1968 federal law has required car manufacturers to place seat belts in all new cars. A majority of states have adopted a “primary enforcement“ law that permits police to stop and ticket a driver or passenger solely for not wearing a seat belt. The results are indisputable: between 1975 and 2009, s
5、eat belts saved more than 260 000 lives, according to a study by the Department of Transportation. The argument for restricting big sugary drinks now is the same as for seat belts then: contrary to popular belief, government actually is in a position, by using laws and financial disincentives(抑制因素 )
6、, to make people do something that, despite that it is good for them, they otherwise would not do. The simple truth is this: we are not perfect and need a little help now and again, especially in those tasks that are unpleasant touching toes, buckling up, slimming down, flossing our teeth. The coerc
7、ive power of government, by talking to us through legislation, pushes us in the right direction toward goals to which we all aspire. To pass a law limiting sugary drinks to 16 ounces is not an example of overreach, but rather promising evidence that decades of governmental underreach in the realm of
8、 public health may finally be coming to an end. 1 What could we learn about Michael Bloombergs plan? （ A） It intended to restrict sugar sales. （ B） It got few supports from experts. （ C） It was turned down by the judge. （ D） It was based on sufficient evidence. 2 Fans of enormous sugary drinks appla
9、uded the verdict because they thought_. （ A） they may get health benefits from enormous sugary drinks （ B） they had the right to choose to be unhealthy （ C） statistics concerning sugary drinks were too exaggerated （ D） the government could play a great role in protecting their health 3 “Seat belts“
10、is cited as an example to_. （ A） show the significance of seat belts in driving a car （ B） introduce the enforcement and outcomes of a law related to seat belts （ C） compare the differences between seat belts and big sugar drinks （ D） prove the importance of governments role in sugary drink consumpt
11、ion 4 “The coercive power of government“(Line 3, Para. 5)refers to the governments power to_. （ A） offer advice to the public （ B） solve problems in society （ C） satisfy whatever the public demands （ D） force the public to follow its decision 5 What is the outcome of the governments measures on publ
12、ic health for decades? （ A） The measures had great influence on public health. （ B） The measures worsened public health to a large degree. （ C） The measures helped the public focus more on their health. （ D） The measures failed to achieve what they were intended for. 5 From 2004 to 2010, I recorded
13、2 620 rainfall-induced landslides worldwide that killed more than 32 000 people. The total number of fatalities is even higher than that, as my analysis only considered landslides triggered by rainfall. If other landslides are taken into account, especially those triggered by earthquakes, the death
14、toll rises to a remarkable 80 000. This is in stark contrast to official figures in the United Nations International Disaster Database, which indicate only about 7 400 deaths from landslides during the same period. Why such a large discrepancy? A key factor is that the UN database includes many othe
15、r hazard types, such as earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions. Compiling such data is a huge task, so the researchers set a minimum impact threshold(门槛 )for inclusion. This is either 10 fatalities or a large economic loss, meaning that many small events are excluded. This is not a problem for e
16、arthquake-related data, as unfortunately almost all events that cause significant damage also kill more than 10 people, but it leads to substantial underreporting for landslides. A second key factor is that fatal landslides are concentrated in populous but remote mountain areas prone to heavy rainfa
17、ll or earthquakes. In such places, obtaining information about landslides that kill small numbers of people has been hitherto(至今 )impossible. The ultimate goal of such data gathering is to reduce landslide deaths. In the past three decades several countries have set up successful programmes to manag
18、e landslide risk. Their programmes have reduced loss of life through a combination of engineering works, public awareness, relocation of people most at risk and an early warning system. An interesting question is whether deaths from landslides are increasing. My research shows that as population den
19、sity increases, so does the number of fatal landslides. In part, this is probably because rising population forces people to live and work on unstable land and, of course, when there are more people in the landscape it becomes more likely that any given landslide will hit someone. Other factors will
20、 also be at play. Environmental degradation, especially deforestation, seems to be making landslides more likely. And the increases in rainfall intensity, which are probably associated with a warming atmosphere, may also be contributing. 6 The authors analysis focuses on landslides caused by_. （ A）
21、flood （ B） rainfall （ C） earthquakes （ D） volcanic eruptions 7 The word “stark“(Line 1, Para. 2)is closest in meaning to_. （ A） unpleasant （ B） plain （ C） little （ D） harsh 8 The authors data of fatality differs from official figures mainly because_. （ A） the UN database focuses more on economic los
22、s （ B） the UN database covers fewer types of landslides （ C） the UN database doesnt take many small events into account （ D） the UN database can obtain data in populous but remote mountain areas 9 What is the final purpose of landslide data gathering according to the passage? （ A） To decrease landsl
23、ide fatalities. （ B） To reduce the occurrences of landslides. （ C） To understand more about landslides. （ D） To inform the public of more details about landslides. 10 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （ A） Landslide Death Toll and Reasons （ B） Landslide Recognition and Contro
24、l （ C） Landslide Prediction and Assessment （ D） Landslide Analysis and Early Warning Systems 10 Housing officials say that lately they are noticing something different: students seem to lack the will, and skill, to address these ordinary conflicts. “We have students who are mad at each other and the
25、y text each other in the same room,“ says a teacher. “So many of our roommate conflicts are because kids dont know how to negotiate a problem.“ And as any pop psychologist will tell you, bottled emotions lead to silent seething(不满 )that can boil over into frustration and anger. At the University of
26、Florida, emotional outbursts occur about once a week, the universitys director of housing and residence education says. “It used to be: Lets sit down and talk about it,“ he says. “Over the past five years, roommate conflicts have intensified. The students dont have the person-to-person discussions a
27、nd they dont know how to handle them.“ The problem is most dramatic among freshmen; housing professionals say they see improvement as students move toward graduation, but some never seem to catch on, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college. Administrators specul
28、ate that reliance on cellphones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable encounters. Why express anger in person when you can vent in a text? Facebook creates even more friction as complaints go public. “Things are posted on someones wall on Facebook: Oh, my r
29、oommate kept me up all night studying,“ says Dana Pysz, an assistant director in the office of residential life at the University of California, Los Angeles. “Its a different way to express their conflict to each other.“ In recent focus groups at North Carolina State University, dorm residents said
30、they would not even confront noisy neighbors on their floor. Administrators point to parents who have fixed their childrens problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Some parents continue to intervene on campus. 11 What does the
31、word “address“(Line 2, Para. 1)mean? （ A） To speak to. （ B） To make a formal speech. （ C） To mark with a destination. （ D） To deal with. 12 What is the main reason for many roommate conflicts? （ A） Students are always mad at each other. （ B） Students text each other in the same room. （ C） Students a
32、re not good at negotiating. （ D） Housing directors are responsible for them. 13 According to the passage, we can see that cellphones and the Internet_. （ A） make our life more convenient （ B） make person-to-person communication easier （ C） make it easier to take frustration out （ D） enable students
33、to avoid uncomfortable meetings 14 What should parents do according to the passage? （ A） They should deal with their childrens problems in their whole lives. （ B） They should leave their children alone to tackle any conflicts. （ C） They should intervene in their childrens life on campus. （ D） They s
34、hould teach their children the skills they need to fix conflicts. 15 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? （ A） Students Unhappy Life in College （ B） Students Failure to Deal With Conflicts （ C） Parents Intervention in Childrens Life （ D） Teachers Concern About Students 15 Shareh
35、olders are warning Lloyds Banking Group that they have residual concern about bonuses of 4 million awarded to executives for last year, despite assurances from the bank that it will review its procedures for determining payouts. Big City investors are being urged to take “careful considered judgment
36、“ before backing the pay policies at the bank at the annual meeting when voting on the remuneration(报酬 )report. The Association of British Insurers(ABI), whose members include the big insurance company investors in the stock market, has issued an “amber top“ alert on the remuneration report an indic
37、ation that the ABI sees potential problems with the approach to pay and corporate governance that require close analysis. The bank, 41% owned by the taxpayer, has attempted to defuse a potential row with investors over the bonuses handed to its boardroom by announcing the resignation of the chairman
38、 of the remuneration committee, Wolfgang Berndt. He left after pressure from the government over concerns he had awarded a 2. 3 million bonus to chief executive Eric Daniels. UK Financial Investments, the body which looks after the taxpayers stake in Britains state-supported banks, played a key role
39、 in Berndts departure but refused to comment on how it vote on the remuneration report. Daniels turned the bonus down, but four boardroom colleagues accepted a combined 4 million in bonuses in a year in which the bank reported losses. Peter Montagnon, director of investment affairs at the ABI, said,
40、 “There is some residual concern among some shareholders in the way the remuneration committee made its decision on bonuses. We note that there is a new remuneration committee chairman, and a commitment to maintain close dialogue, which is positive.“ Lloyds said that in addition to toughening up the
41、 performance targets for new bonuses, it would take extra care when awarding bonuses at the end of this year. “Following shareholder representation, the remuneration committee will review performance against targets for the 2010 annual incentive(鼓励 )plan in light of the overall operating performance
42、. It will exercise its discretion to reduce awards if it is thought to be appropriate,“ the bank said. 16 What do shareholders feel after the bank makes certain assurances? （ A） They completely trust the banks promise. （ B） They still have doubts about the banks assurances. （ C） They hold an optimis
43、tic attitude towards the bank. （ D） They thoroughly deny the banks efforts. 17 What do we know about the “amber top“ alert by the Association of British Insurers? （ A） It is a threat to big insurance company investors. （ B） It indicates how confused the stock market is. （ C） It implies that possible
44、 issues exist in payment and management. （ D） It points out the responsibility the government should take. 18 UK Financial Investments is an institute that_. （ A） supported the bank about the remuneration report （ B） cared for the benefits of taxpayers completely （ C） played a dominant role in Brita
45、ins state-supported banks （ D） made no comment on voting the remuneration report 19 What is Peter Montagnons attitude towards deciding bonuses? （ A） Critical. （ B） Objective. （ C） Pessimistic. （ D） Dissatisfied. 20 According to Lloyds, we can see that_. （ A） new bonuses should be limited by banks fr
46、om now on （ B） shareholders should set proper targets to invest money （ C） the remuneration committee should not take responsibility （ D） awards should be reduced in an appropriate way 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 117答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。定位句谈到 Michael Bloomberg政府的计划：限制纽约市含糖饮料的包装
47、大小，但法官否决了该计划。选项 C)的内容与定位句的含义相符，故为正确答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。定位段提到大量摄入含糖饮料的追捧者们对这一裁决的态度：他们高兴不已。接着交代了他们持这种态度的原因：他们认为这项计划试图限制他们饮用无营养、彩色糖水的自由，剥夺了他们有权选择不健康的权利。由此得知，他们赞成这一裁决的原因是他们认为自己有权选择不健康，故选项 B)为本题的正确答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。文章第三段提到政府强制执行有关安全带法律后，挽救了很多人的生命。第四段提到推行限制大瓶含糖饮料的
48、法律和推行安全带的法律存在共同点，即政府应该利用法律和金融杠杆让人们做那些对他们有好处、但他们却不愿意做的事情。由此得知，文章提到 “安全带 ”是为了证明政府控制含糖饮料的重要性，选项 D)为本题的正确答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。定位句指出，政府的强制性权利可以通过立法推着我们，朝着我们向往的目标走向正确的方向。结合上一句的举例可知，政府拥有强制性权利，可以让公众按照它的决定行事，选项 D)为本题的正确答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 推理判断题。由定位句可知，通过一项法律限制 16盎司以上的含糖饮料并不能说
49、明政府过度使用了权利，反而可以证明政府有希望结束几十年来在公共卫生领域的无能为力。由此得知，政府几十年来在公共卫生领域所采 取的措施并未获得预期的结果，选项 D)为本题的正确答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 6 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位句可知，我于 2004年到 2010年间记录了世界范围内由降雨引发的山体滑坡的数据。接着强调我的分析只关注了由降雨引发的山体滑坡。由此得知，作者所关注的山体滑坡是由降雨引发的滑坡，选项 B)为本题的正确答案。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 语义理解题。定位段通过列数字的方式明确指出：我的数据 跟联合国国际灾害数据库的官方数据存在差异。官方数据仅为约 7 400人，和我的数据差异可谓很大，故 stark应该意为 “鲜明的，差距大的 ”，故选 D)。 【知识模块】 篇章阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节辨认题。由定位句可知存在这种差异的一个关键因素就是：两者的涵盖范围不同。官方数据设定了纳入计算的最低影响的门槛，这导致了很多小事件会被排除在外。由此得知，选项 C)为本题的正确
