1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 125及答案与解析 Section A 0 Binoculars(双筒望远镜 )are not only used for wildlife observation, but are essential in certain sports, particularly in hunting. A hunter can climb in a tree and observe the woods and fields from afar, while a quality set of binoculars helps to spot wildlife with
2、ease. Since the binoculars are being used outdoors, it is sensible to【 C1】 _a waterproof set: hunters will often find themselves out in the snow during hunting season. While the snow makes for【 C2】 _tracking of wildlife, if the binoculars fall into the snow, the【 C3】 _to moisture can result in signi
3、ficant damage. Binoculars range in cost【 C4】 _from $ 50 to $ 1 000 depending upon the binoculars features. Roof prism(屋脊棱镜 )binoculars are of extreme quality and are【 C5】 _for hunting or other outdoor ventures. While they tend to cost more than other brands of binoculars, they provide a hunter a cry
4、stal clear viewing field. A magnification of 10 x 50 is【 C6】 _if the binoculars are being used for hunting, while in the case of bird watching, a lower magnification may meet the need. Hunters will also consider the field of view offered by the binoculars they decide to buy: the field of view will【
5、C7】 _how much of the actual landscape is visible. Finally, hunters that wear eyeglasses will need to take such a fact into【 C8】_when buying binoculars: the type of binoculars purchased can【 C9】 _how well the hunter can see objects through the viewing【 C10】 _. A)affect F)exposure K)persuaded B)applia
6、nce G)fantastic L)purchase C)consideration H)ideal M)recommended D)determine I)influence N)roughly E)distinguished J)instrument O)specifically 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Sleep and Dreams A)“Oh sleep! It is a gentle thing, beloved fr
7、om pole to pole.“ Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the famous British poet, wrote these words over 100 years ago. Most people would agree with him. Sleep is very important to humans; the average person spends 220 000 hours of a lifetime sleeping. Until about thirty years ago, no one knew much about sleep. T
8、hen doctors and scientists began doing research in sleep laboratories. They have learned a great deal by studying people as they sleep, but there is still much that dont understand. B)Scientists study the body characteristics that change during sleep, such as body temperature, brain waves, blood pre
9、ssure, breathing, and heartbeat. They also study rapid eye movement(REM). These scientists have learned that there is a kind of sleep with REM and another kind with no rapid eye movement(NREM). NREM is divided into three stages. In stage one, when you start to go to sleep, you have a pleasant floati
10、ng feeling. A sudden noise can wake you up. In stage two, you sleep more deeply, and a noise will probably not wake you up. In stage three, which you reach in less than thirty minutes, the brain waves are less active and stretched out. Then, within another half hour, you reach REM sleep. This stage
11、might last an hour and a half and is the time when you dream. For the rest of the night, REM and NREM alternate. Body movement during sleep occurs just before the REM stage. The average person moves about thirty times during sleep each night. C)Sleep is a biological need, but your brain never really
12、 sleeps. It is never actually blank. The things that were on your mind during the day are still there at night. They appear as dreams, which people have been discussing for centuries. At times people believed that dreams had magical powers or that they could tell the future. Sometimes dreams are ter
13、rifying, but they are usually a collection of scattered, confused thoughts. If you dream about something that is worrying you, you may wake up exhausted, sweating, and with a rapid heartbeat. Dreams have positive effects on our lives. During a dream, the brain may concentrate on a problem and look f
14、or different solutions. Also, people who dream a good nights sleep are more likely to remember newly learned skills. In other words, you learn better if you dream. D)Researchers say that normal people may have four or five REM periods of dreaming a night. The first one may begin only a half hour aft
15、er falling asleep. Each period of dreaming is a little longer, the last one lasting up to an hour. Dreams also become more intense as the night continues. Nightmares usually occur toward dawn. E)People dream in color, but many dont remember the colors. Certain people can control some of their dreams
16、. They make sure they have a happy ending. Some people get relief from bad dreams by writing them down and then changing the negative stories or thoughts into positive ones on the written paper. Then they study the paper before they go to sleep again. F)Many people talk in their sleep, but it is usu
17、ally just confused half sentences. They might feel embarrassed when someone tells them they were talking in their sleep, but they probably didnt tell any secrets. Sleepwalking is more common among children. They usually grow out of it by the time they become adolescents. Children dont remember that
18、they were walking in their sleep, and they dont usually wake up if the parent leads them back to bed. Some people have the habit of grinding their teeth while they sleep. They wake up with a sore jaw or a headache, and they can also damage their teeth. Researchers dont know why people talk, walk, or
19、 grind their teeth while they are asleep. G)There are lots of jokes about snoring, but it isnt really funny. People snore because they have trouble breathing while they are asleep. Some snorers have a condition called sleep apnea(呼吸暂停 ). They stop breathing up to thirty or forty times an hour becaus
20、e the throat muscles relax too much and block the airway. Then they breathe in some air and start snoring. This is a dangerous condition because, if the brain is without oxygen for 4 minutes, there will be permanent brain damage. Sleep apnea can also cause irregular heartbeats, a general lack of ene
21、rgy, and high blood pressure. H)Most people need from 7.5 to 8. 5 hours of sleep a night, but this varies with individuals. Babies sleep eighteen hours, and old people need less sleep than younger people. If someone continually sleeps longer than normal for no apparent reason, there may be something
22、 physically or psychologically wrong. You can not save hours of sleep the way you save money in the bank. If you have only 5 hours of sleep for three nights, you dont need to sleep an extra 9 hours on the weekend. And it doesnt do any good to sleep extra hours ahead of time when you know you will ha
23、ve to stay up late. I)What should you do if you have trouble sleeping? Lots of people take sleeping pills, but these are dangerous because they are habit-forming. If you take them for several weeks, it is hard to stop taking them. Doctors say the best thing is to try to relax and to avoid bad habits
24、. If you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this sets a good and healthy rhythm in your life. Caffeine keeps people awake. You may have trouble sleeping if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed. Eat earlier in the evening. J)You may also have trouble sleeping if you have a
25、 problem or something else on your mind. This is when you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in our feet and then relax them. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. Then remember some pleasan
26、t experience you had and relive it. If you are thinking about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it. That will help take it off your mind. You can also get up and read or watch television. Be sure to choose a book or show that is not to
27、o exciting, or you may get so interested that you wont want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. Sleep is important to humans. We spend a third of our lives sleeping, so we need to understand everything we can about sleep. Sleep well! Sweet dreams! 11 Sleeping pills, if used regularly for sever
28、al weeks, can lead to dependence or addiction. 12 Sleeping more on the weekend wont make up for hours of sleep loss during the weekdays. 13 People often have nightmares when it is getting to daybreak. 14 One of the positive effects that dreams have on people is that they may help people digest what
29、theyve learned. 15 The best thing for you to do is to stay relaxed when you have trouble sleeping. 16 In the second stage of NREM, sleepers become more and more detached from the outside world and more difficult to be awakened. 17 Sleepwalking events are much more common in children than adults and
30、generally decrease with age. 18 Some researches have been carried out on peoples sleep and dreams for about thirty years. 19 If left untreated, sleep apnea not only can result in other serious health problems but also can be life-threatening. 20 The reason why people talk, walk, or grind their teeth
31、 in their sleep is still unknown. Section C 20 American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special “language protein“ in the brain. The study, compiled by neuroscientists and psychologist from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they ha
32、d more of the Foxp2 protein. Their findings come after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20 000 words a day more than 13 000 more than men. “This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language-associated protein in humans or animals,“ said Prof.
33、Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. “The findings raise the possibility that sex differences in brain and behavior are more pervasive(普遍的 )and established earlier than previously appreciated.“ The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans
34、that were women but in rats they were males. In the experiment, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal(有声的 )than their female friends. They separated four-day-old rats from their mothers and then counted the number of times they cried out over five minutes. While
35、 both sexes emitted hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often, they found. According to tests compiled on the parts of the brain known to be involved in vocal calls,the male pups(幼崽 )have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in
36、the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often. In contrast, males became less “talkative“. The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to a 30 percent more of the Foxp2 pro
37、tein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans. “Based on our observations, the assumption of higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more communicative sex,“ said Prof. McCarthy. “Our resu
38、lts implicate Foxp2 as a component of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal communication in mammals.“ 21 The study conducted by American researchers is mainly to reveal_. （ A） the achievement in the field of sex difference （ B） the benefit and harm of the Foxp2 protein （ C） the diff
39、erences and similarities between men and women （ D） the reason why females are more talkative than males 22 According to Prof. Margaret McCarthy, findings of the study seem to believe_. （ A） sex differences exist among humans and animals （ B） Foxp2 protein determines sex difference in body communica
40、tion （ C） sex differences in brain and behavior are formed earlier than expected （ D） this research is one of the first related to sex differences 23 Rats are used in the experiment in order to indicate that_. （ A） sex differences determine different ones vocal abilities （ B） communicative differenc
41、es exist in male and female rats （ C） Foxp2 protein functions differently in humans and animals （ D） Foxp2 protein affects animals vocal communication as well 24 What does “the production“(Line 6,Para. 4)refer to? （ A） Vocal call. （ B） Foxp2 protein. （ C） Rats tears. （ D） A chemical. 25 What is the
42、best title of this passage? （ A） Why Are Women the Talkative Sex? （ B） What Makes Us So Communicative? （ C） How Can We Determine Rats Sex? （ D） Sex Differences Decide Our Communicative Ability 25 Global warming may or not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but regardless of weath
43、er it is or isnt we wont do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient tr
44、uth“, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we dont know enough to relieve global warming, and without major technological breakthroughs we cant do much about it. From 2003 to 2050, the worlds population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to
45、9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly, CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050. But thats too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the worlds poor
46、 to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050. No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom(limits on electricity usage, driving and travel)that might cut b
47、ack global warming. Still, politicians want to show theyre “doing something“. Consider the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书 ). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didnt. But it hasnt reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories(签字国 )didnt adopt tough enough policies to
48、hit their 2008-2012 targets. The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it. The trouble with the global
49、 warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when its really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we dont solve the engineering problem, were helpless. 26 What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? （ A） It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. （ B） It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments. （ C） Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. （ D） Very little will be done to bring it under control. 27 According to t
