1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 126及答案与解析 Section A 0 The Web sometimes seems like a siren specter that lures us into sitting around like some species of houseplant while our trunk grows abnormally wide. Its【 C1】_enticements keep us from doing what we know we should, like, say, making any movement whatsoever or【
2、 C2】 _foods that do not come packaged in Styrofoam(泡沫塑料 ). But according to a new research, the Internet can also be something else: a place for helping people keep weight off. The new study,【 C3】 _over a two-and-a-half-year period, found that the more often people logged on to a website, the more l
3、ikely they were to【 C4】 _weight loss. Of course, it wasnt just any old website, but one that investigators at the Kaiser Permanente Centre for Health Research(KPCHR)had designed【 C5】 _to help people keep the pounds off. What made the website work was its mixture of accountability(责任 )and【 C6】_. User
4、s were asked log in once a week to【 C7】 _their weight and the amount of exercise theyd done. If they didnt log in regularly, they got a little nudge by e-mail, then an【 C8】 _phone call. Once on the site, users could chat with other【 C9】 _of the study in a kind of mini-Facebook setting. The site was
5、designed to mimic as much as possible what its like to be in a weight-loss program that offers【 C10】 _counseling and group meetings. It wasnt quite as effective as human-to-human interaction, but it was better than nothing at all. A)abundant F)enter K)personal B)attracts G)establish L)separately C)a
6、utomated H)maintain M)sociability D)conducted I)obligation N)specifically E)consuming J)participants O)warning 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Bullying and Children A)What your son is describing is bullying, plain and simple. Although it
7、 is late in the school year, you should take action by reassuring your son that he did nothing to bring this on and that you will help him. Many parents, unfortunately, think that bullying and being bullied are rites of passage, something all kids endure at some point in their lives just like suffer
8、ing through boring assembles and bad cafeteria food. But bullying is not, and should not be, considered a normal part of growing up. B)Studies done in Norway show that bullying is most common in the younger age groups but is still present even in the mid-teens. The percent of children who are bullie
9、d ranges from 17% in the second grade to about 5% in the ninth grade. A recent survey in the United States shows that 10% of children reported being bullied. This survey was limited to sixth through tenth graders. C)Bullying involves intentional and repeated actions and words designed to intimidate
10、or hurt another person. There is usually an imbalance of power, either physical or psychological, between the perpetrator(作恶者 )and his or her victim. Occasional name calling or shoving are not considered bullying because they are usually not repetitive events. On the other hand, if a child is on the
11、 receiving end of taunts(嘲弄 )and name calling by any persons regularly, then that is considered bullying. Physical aggression, social alienation(疏远 ), verbal aggression, and intimidation are the four main categories of bullying. D)Many parents are shocked when they find out their child has been the
12、victim of a bully, and a few parents are shocked to find out that their child has been a bully. Victims tend to be more passive, anxious, and insecure than non-victims and to have more negative views of themselves. A small percentage of victims are termed “provocative“ because they are both anxious
13、and aggressive, often seeking the attention of the perpetrator. E)The bullies, by comparison, tend to be aggressive children and frequently lack empathy for others. Bullies usually have a positive self-image and a desire to be in control. The bully cherishes power. The cherished myth of the bully as
14、 a loner with a poor self-image seeking to support his own self-worth by attacking others didnt hold up to scrutiny(详细审查 )of scientific study. Of course, there will always be victims and perpetrators who do not fit these profiles! Any child can be a bully, and any child can be bullied if the circums
15、tances are right. F)Although bullying is common, studies report that only half the children report what is happening to a parent, and even fewer to a teacher. Few adults witness the acts of the bully because most aggression occurs at school and places where there is little oversight by an adult. The
16、 playground, cafeteria, and rest rooms are common locations for the perpetrator to act. Children who are victims may develop a variety of vague health complaints to avoid going to school or wherever the bullying is taking place. Sometimes this kind of school avoidance behavior can be a red flag for
17、parents, so ask your child if he or she is being picked on and bullied. G)There are many reasons why kids may become bullies. Bullies frequently target people who are different. Then, they seek to exploit those differences. They choose victims who they think are unlikely to fight back. That means ch
18、ildren who are overweight, wear glasses, or have obvious physical differences like big ears or severe acne(痤疮 )are common subjects for ridicule. But the differences dont have to be just physical. Children who learn at a different pace or are anxious or insecure can also be targets for bullies. H)Bul
19、lies may also turn to this abusive behavior as a way of dealing with a difficult situation at home, such as a divorce. Bullies might not realize how hurtful their actions can be, but some know the pain firsthand because theyve been bullied or have been victims of abusing themselves. Some bullies thi
20、nk their behavior is normal because they come from families in which everyone regularly gets angry, shouts, and/or calls names. They copy what they know. And just like the children theyre tormenting, bullies often have low self-esteem. Whatever the cause, bullies usually pick on others as a way of d
21、ealing with their own problems. Sometimes, they pick on kids because they need a victim someone who seems emotionally or physically weaker to try to gain acceptance and feel more important, popular, or in control. Although some bullies are bigger or stronger than their victims, bullies can come in a
22、ll shapes and sizes. I)If your child reveals to you that he or she is being bullied, take actions. Parents can help the child by teaching him how to demonstrate an air of self-confidence by making good eye contact, speaking clearly and loudly enough to be heard. Remind the child to walk away from th
23、e encounter, tell the bully firmly that he is in the wrong, and to tell a teacher, parent or other adult what is happening. J)Parents of bullies should also intervene to stop the behavior and make it clear that bullying will not be tolerated or ignored. One study showed that 60% of boys who were ide
24、ntified as bullies in grades six through nine had at least one criminal conviction by the age of 24, between 35% and 40% of these children had three or more criminal convictions by that same age. Psychological counseling is often helpful and may identify the underlying problems such as depression or
25、 conduct disorder. There are many resources for parents and teachers. There are a number of good books such as Tackling Bullying in Your School: A Practical Handbook for Teachers by Sharp and Smith as well as Bully Proofing Your School by Garrity, Jens and Porter. 11 Actions that are not done delibe
26、rately and repeatedly to hurt another person are not regarded as bullying. 12 Studies reveal that when confronting with bullying, children trust their parents more than their teachers. 13 Children who act passively and anxiously are more likely to be bullied than children who do not have those tende
27、ncies. 14 Students with apparent physical defects or learning disabilities are frequent targets for bullies in schools. 15 Contrary to what many people believe, bullying is an abnormal part of childrens growth. 16 Maintaining eye contact and speaking clearly with a loud voice will help a child to sh
28、ow self-confidence. 17 In comparison with victims, the bullies tend to be aggressive and inconsiderate towards others. 18 Like the children who are bullied, the bullies themselves also demonstrate low self-esteem. 19 Those being bullies as adolescents are more likely to commit crimes when they grow
29、up. 20 School refusal behavior can be a signal for parents that their children may be the targets of bullying. Section C 20 The row over a Philadelphia school district accused of secretly spying on pupils through laptop cameras escalated today after it acknowledged capturing more than 56 000 images
30、of its students, many of them in their homes. When the scandal first broke, it was believed that only a few pictures had been taken of one pupil, Blake Robbins. But court papers released this week showed that thousands of images were taken of Robbins and other students. Robbins and his parents have
31、filed an action against the school district of Lower Merion in an affluent suburb of Philadelphia. Court papers from Robbins lawyer said that at first it was thought that the laptops “peeping Tom“ technology produced a few images but they found more than 400 of Robbins, including images “showing him
32、 partially undressed and sleeping“. An administrator at the school, one of the few with authority to track the laptops, was refusing to answer questions, citing her constitutional right to remain silent. The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that 38 500 of the images came from six laptops that had been
33、 reported missing from the Harriton gym in September 2008. These apparently helped the police catch a suspect. Another set of images were from cameras in laptops which employees were responsible for their failing in tracking or forgetting to turn off. The court papers, filed by Robbins lawyer, said
34、that the technology was activated between October 20 and November 4 last year, with most of the 400 shots of him while he was in his home, and included his family. “There were additional webcam(网络摄影机 )pictures and screen shots taken of Blake Robbins which, to date, have not been recovered because th
35、e evidence was purged(删除 )by the IT department,“ the court papers say. His lawyer is trying to obtain access to the administrators home computer to establish whether she downloaded any of the pictures. The court papers allege she may be a voyeur(偷窥狂 ). In one e-mail, when an IT person commented on h
36、ow the viewing of the webcam pictures and screen shots from a students computer was like. “Its a soap opera of little Lower Merion School District,“ the administrator allegedly replied, “I know. I love it. “ 21 When talking about the pictures of Robbins, we can conclude that_. （ A） Robbins isnt a qu
37、alified student in his teachers opinion （ B） the related administrators keep silent about this scandal （ C） Robbins parents are mad at this action on their child （ D） the private rights of Robbins and his classmates are offended seriously 22 What does the report in The Philadelphia Inquirer imply? （
38、 A） Some evidences may be found by polices in the Harriton gym. （ B） The IT department in the school wants to eliminate evidences. （ C） The school owns excellent computer teaching equipments. （ D） Employees should be responsible for the whole issue. 23 According to the paper of Robbins lawyer, we ca
39、n infer that_. （ A） the administrator is interested in computers （ B） it is illegal to set up cameras in the administrators home （ C） the administrator spied on her students on purpose （ D） the administrator has downloaded many students pictures 24 The administrators attitude towards this issue is a
40、pparently_in the last paragraph. （ A） playful （ B） positive （ C） ironical （ D） skeptical 25 The main point of the passage is that_. （ A） the American government should take measures to improve teachers qualities （ B） a Philadelphia school is charged for using computers to spy on students （ C） modern
41、 technology has negative effects on our lives （ D） students in America dont pay much attention to their study 25 The two economists call their paper “Mental Retirement“, and their argument has aroused the interest of behavioral researchers. Data from the United States, England and 11 other European
42、countries suggests that the earlier people retire, the more quickly their memories decline. The implication, the economists and others say, is that there really seems to be something to the “use it or lose it“ notion if people want to preserve their memories and reasoning abilities, they may have to
43、 keep active. “Its incredibly interesting and exciting,“ said Laura L. Carstensen, director of the Centre on Longevity(寿命 )at Stanford University. “It suggests that work actually provides an important component of the environment that keeps people functioning optimally(最佳地 ). “ While not everyone is
44、 convinced by the new analysis, published recently in The Journal of Economic Perspectives, a number of leading researchers say the study is, at least, an evidence for a possibility that is widely believed but surprisingly difficult to demonstrate. Researchers repeatedly find that retired people as
45、a group tend to do less well on cognitive tests than people who are still working. But, they note, that could be because people whose memories and thinking skills are declining may be more likely to retire than people whose cognitive skills remain sharp. And research has failed to support the premis
46、e that mastering things like memory exercises, crossword puzzles(纵横字谜 )and games like Sudoku carry over into real life, improving overall functioning. “If you do crossword puzzles, you get better at crossword puzzles,“ said Lisa Berkman, director of the Centre for Population and Development Studies
47、at Harvard. “If you do Sudoku, you get better at Sudoku. You get better at one narrow task. But you dont get better at cognitive behavior in life. “ The study was possible, explains one of its authors, Robert Willis, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, because the National Instit
48、ute on Aging began a large study in the United States nearly 20 years ago. Called the Health and Retirement Study, it surveys more than 22 000 Americans over age 50 every two years, and administers memory tests. 26 According to the data from America and some European countries, retired people_. （ A）
49、 have aroused the interest of many psychologists （ B） are more forgetful than they were at work （ C） dont have a functioning mind any more （ D） can have much better cognitive skills 27 In Laura L. Carstensens opinion, what is the relationship between work and mental function? （ A） Work has nothing to do with peoples mental function. （ B） Work has a positive effect on peoples mental function. （ C） Peoples mental function decreases gradually after work. （ D） Peoples me
