1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 194及答案与解析 Section A 0 Better think twice before choosing a password for emails, online bank accounts and airline tickets. Passwords that show no imagination or【 C1】 _are easy prey(捕获物 )for information pirates(劫掠者 ), a new US study says. A(n) 【 C2】 _analysis of 28,000 passwords rec
2、ently stolen from a popular US website and posted on the Internet【 C3】 _that people often do the easy thing. It found that 16 percent took a first name as a password,【 C4】 _their own or one of their childrens, according to the study published by Information Week. Another 14 percent relied on the eas
3、iest keyboard【 C5】 _to remember such as “1234“ or “12345678.“ For those using English keyboards, “QWERTY“, was popular. Likewise, “AZERTY“【 C6】 _with people with European keyboards. Five percent of the stolen passwords were names of television shows or stars popular with young people like “hannah,“【
4、 C7】 _by singer Hannah Montana. “Pokemon,“ “Matrix,“ and “Ironman“ were others. The word “password,“ or easy to guess variations like “passwordl,“ accounted for four percent. Three percent of the passwords expressed【 C8】 _like “I dont care,“ “Whatever,“ “Yes“ or “No.“ There were【 C9】 _choices “Ilove
5、you“ and their opposite “Ihateyou.“ Robert Graham, of the company Errata Security, which did the analysis and published the conclusions, advises that to better protect against cyber【 C10】 _: “choose a password that is longer than eight characters with one capital letter and one symbol.“ A. invasion
6、B. critical C. combinations D. attitudes E. furnished F. uniqueness G. reveals H. scored I. generally J. liberates K. emotional L. statistical M. conversely N. principle O. inspired 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 The US Congress A)The U
7、S congress is the legislative branch of the federal government. It is a bicameral(两院制的 )law-making body of more than 500 members. Its two chambers are respectively called the House of Representatives and the Senate. The American two-house legislature, a product of the compromise between big states a
8、nd small ones, embodies the American principle of balances and checks. All bills must carry both houses before becoming laws. B)The House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Congress. The membership of the House is distributed among the states according to their different populati
9、ons. Since 1910, the House has had a permanent membership of 435, with each Representative representing about half a million Americans. Under the principle that each state is guaranteed at least one representative, Nevada, a state with a small population, sends only one Representative to the House.
10、California has more than 40 Representatives in the House because of its large population. C)The election of Representatives is organized by the state legislature which divides the state into a number of districts known as Congressional districts. Each district, with a population of nearly half a mil
11、lion, elects one Representative to the House. A Representatives term of office is set at two years, but there is no limit to the number of his terms. A new Representative can hardly feel easy about his position. Hardly has he begun his work in the Congress when he finds its time for him to seek re-e
12、lection. D)The Senate is the upper house of the US Congress. Representation in the Senate is based on the principle of state equality. The Senate is comprised of 100 Senators, two from each of the fifty states. Senators have been directly elected by voters of their respective states since 1913. Thei
13、r term of office is six years. With one-third of the Senate seats up for election every two years. A Senator must be at least thirty years old and a citizen for nine years. E)Generally speaking, Senators are accorded greater prestige than their colleagues in the lower house. Many Representatives asp
14、ire to win the election to the Senate. Senators derive their prestige from the following facts. They are less numerous, for there are fewer than one fourth as many Senators as Representatives, or Congressmen. Elected by the whole state instead of a single congressional district, most Senators repres
15、ent more constituents(选民 )than do House members. They are less worried by the problem of seeking re-electives. Whats more, the Senate has special powers which it does not share with the House. It has the power to approve or deny proposed treaties, nominations proposed by the President. In line with
16、the tradition of “senatorial courtesy(礼貌 )“, the Senate always rejects a nominee who is objected to by a Senator of the state from which he comes. F)It wont do to neglect the importance of the Senate in foreign affairs. Without its cooperation and support, the President can hardly take any significa
17、nt action in foreign relations. A Secretary of State on good terms with the Senators is always important for the President. Foreign countries must try to establish good relations with the US Senate if they intend to make a bargain with the United States. G)The presiding(主持的 )officer of the Senate is
18、 the Vice President who functions as a kind chairman when the Senate is in session(开会 ). The chief spokesman of the House is known as the Speaker who is the leader of the majority party in the House. The Speaker is the most influential figure in the House because he directs his partys forces in legi
19、slative battles. H)The Congress is a legislative body, but it relies on its various committees to do preparatory work. The Senate and the House have several dozen standing and special committees to deal with problems of different natures. The seats of the committees are divided between the two parti
20、es in proportion to their respective membership in the Congress. But the committee chairman is always a member of the majority party who has been in the Senate or the House without interruption for longer than anybody else on the committee. The custom is known as “seniority rule“. I)Most proposed la
21、ws in the Congress are known as bills. All bills introduced during a two-year congressional term are designated “HR“ in the House and “S“ in the Senate, with consecutive(连续的 )numbers assigned in order in which they are introduced in each house. After this, the bills are referred to the relevant comm
22、ittees for further study. J)To assess the bill at its true worth, the relevant committee usually organizes its sub-committee to conduct detailed study. There is no doubt that the sub-committee will study the literal sense of the bill. But it also holds meetings with the citizens who want to state th
23、eir opinions about the bill. These meetings are commonly known as hearings. The purpose of the sub-committee in holding these hearings is to obtain information on the bill before it. The sub-committee may summon people to appear at the hearings and to testify. After finishing study of the bill, the
24、subcommittee will report the result to the full committee. The committee chairman then has a choice between two things. He can send the bill to the house for further consideration. He can also postpone, or kill it by putting it aside and not reporting it. For this reason, a committee chairman is reg
25、arded as an important person in the Congress. It wont do to neglect them. 11 The Vice President plays a role as a kind chairman and the presiding officer in the Senate meetings. 12 The seats of the committees are distributed between the two parties based on their respective membership in the Congres
26、s. 13 Since 1910, the House has had a permanent membership of four hundred and thirty-five. 14 In order to obtain information on the potential bills before implementation, the sub-committee holds hearings. 15 A new Representative can hardly feel easy about his position in that he has to prepare for
27、reelection at the start of his new job. 16 If the President wants to take significant action in foreign relations, it is necessary to gain the Senates cooperation and support. 17 As the Senators are elected by the whole state instead of a single congressional district, they are accorded greater pres
28、tige than Representatives. 18 The American two-house legislature reflects the American principle of balances and checks. 19 According to the principle of state equality, each state is represented by two Senators in the Senate. 20 Nominations proposed by the President may be disapproved by the Senate
29、. Section C 20 An “apple polisher“ is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂 ), but is close to it. All sorts of people are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high offices just about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English lea
30、der, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed. There are other phrases meaning the same thing as “apple-polishing“ “soft-soaping“ or “buttering-up“. A gift is just one way to “soft-soap“ somebody, or to“butter him up“. Another that is just as effective is flatter
31、y, giving someone high praise telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is. Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for mos
32、t of us, who get so little of it. We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its food value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves. Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothin
33、g from one who has had too much of it., A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to the endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣 ). They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might. He decided to teach
34、 them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery. 21 Which of the following activities has nothing
35、to do with “apple-polishing“? （ A） A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks. （ B） An employee tells her boss how good he is at management. （ C） A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers. （ D） A teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom. 22 What does the writer
36、want to prove with Cromwells example? （ A） Everybody can be an apple-polisher. （ B） Cromwell was not a good apple-polisher. （ C） George Fox and his party were not apple-polishers. （ D） There are people who dont like being apple-polished 23 Which of the following statements about flattery is true acc
37、ording to the author? （ A） Too much flattery can carry us away. （ B） Flattery is too empty to do people any good. （ C） Flattery can get you nothing but excessive pride. （ D） Flattery is one of the ways to apple-polish people. 24 King Canute of Denmark and England took his followers to the seashore b
38、ecause _. （ A） he was sick of his normal life （ B） he disliked being overpraised any more （ C） he wanted them to realize how wise he was （ D） he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king 25 The author thinks that flattery can do good to those who _. （ A） are politicians or in high offices （ B） la
39、ck confidence （ C） are really excellent （ D） think highly of themselves 25 So many of us hold on to little resentments that may have stemmed from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us believing this is the only way we ca
40、n forgive or rekindle(重新激起 )a friendship or family relationship. An acquaintance of mine whose health isnt very good recently told me that she hasnt spoken to her son in almost three years. “Why not?“ I asked. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldnt s
41、peak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she resisted initially and said, “I cant do that. Hes the one who should apologize.“ She was literally willing to die before reaching out to her only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she di
42、d decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, he wins. Whenever we hold on to our anger we turn “small stuff into really “big stuff“
43、 in our minds. We start to believe that our positions are more important than our happiness. They are not. If you want to be a more peaceful person you must understand that being right is almost never more important than allowing yourself to be happy. The way to be happy is to let go and reach out.
44、Let other people be right. This doesnt mean that youre wrong. Everything will be fine. Youll experience the peace of letting go as well as the joy of letting others be right Youll also notice that as you reach out and let others be “right“ they will become less defensive and more loving toward you.
45、They might even reach back. But if for some reason they dont thats okay too. You will have the inner satisfaction of knowing that you have done your part to create a more loving world and certainly youll be more peaceful yourself. 26 In the sentence “Stubbornly we wait for someone else to reach out
46、to us.“, the phrase “reach out“ is closest in meaning to _. （ A） offer help （ B） be in pursuit of （ C） offer an apology （ D） offer ones hand 27 According to the passage, the authors friend never spoke to her son for three years because _. （ A） she had got an argument with her daughter-in-law （ B） sh
47、e had disagreed about her sons marriage （ C） she had got an argument about her daughter-in-law （ D） she had disliked her sons wife for many years 28 By telling the story about a mother and her son, the author wants us to learn that_. （ A） its fine to be the first one to apologize （ B） his friend is
48、very stubborn （ C） if taking the chance well all win （ D） position is more important than happiness 29 Which of the following is NOT the reason for people to be unwilling to apologize first? （ A） People believe that they are always right. （ B） People always wait for others to offer an apology first.
49、 （ C） People consider the position more important than happiness. （ D） People want to get an inner satisfaction. 30 The purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） instruct the readers how to apologize （ B） teach the readers how to gain inner peace （ C） inform the readers of the importance of being forgiving （ D） tell the readers to reach out first when there is resentment 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 194答案与解析 Section A 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 此处应为名词，与前面的 imagination并列。此处的名词应能与前面的否定词 no构成容
