1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 31及答案与解析 Section C 0 A proverb allegedly from ancient China was widely spread in the west: “If you want to be happy for a few hours, go to get drunk; if you want a lifetime happiness, take up gardening.“ The reason for the last option is this: Gardening is not only useful, but it
2、helps you to identify yourself with nature, and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health. A research of a US university that Ive read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind wh
3、ere one thinks one s life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory. Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to a study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially tho
4、se busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in fond dreams of numerous lover
5、s while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him. Happiness is a game balancing between two ends what one has and what one wishes for, e. g. one s dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situ
6、ation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is h
7、elpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion. 1 According to the passage, gardening can bring lifelong happiness because_. （ A） gardening is a profitable b
8、usiness （ B） it can strengthen gardener s ability to remark nature （ C） gardener can enjoy very happy marriage （ D） gardener can build good relationship with nature 2 It can be concluded from the research of the university that most people feel happy when_. （ A） they are at leisure （ B） they are gar
9、dening （ C） they are engaged in working （ D） they have numerous lovers 3 The author mentions a man indulging in fond dreams of numerous lovers in Paragraph 3 in order to_. （ A） demonstrate the serious problem in marriage in modern society （ B） illustrate that only this kind of man can possess happin
10、ess （ C） show that this kind of man has plenty of leisure time to do what they want （ D） give an example of a person who doesn t care for what he already possesses 4 Which of the following is more likely to be unhappy according to the study? （ A） The one who has self-esteem and has confidence in him
11、self. （ B） The one who is ambitious regardless of his actual situation. （ C） The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others. （ D） The one who always helps others and also accepts help from others. 5 From the passage we know that happiness is_. （ A） taking up gardening （ B） getting everyt
12、hing what one longs for （ C） a game to have dreamlike musings or fantasies while awake （ D） a balance between what one owns and what one dreams of 5 Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not descr
13、ibe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child or even an animal, such as a pigeon can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someones personality, we mean the ways in wh
14、ich he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face“ looked lik
15、e, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person“, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American p
16、sychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms. People have always tried to “type“ e
17、ach other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villains(坏人 )or the hero s role. In fact, the words “person“ and “personality“ come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask“. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell
18、 the “good guys“ from the “bad guys“ because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions. 6 By using the example of finger prints the author tells us that_. （ A） people can learn to recognize faces （ B） people have different personalities （ C） people have difficulty in describing the fe
19、atures of finger prints （ D） people differ from each other in facial features 7 According to this passage, some animals have the gift of_. （ A） telling people apart by how they behave （ B） typing each other （ C） telling good people from bad people （ D） recognizing human faces 8 Who most probably kno
20、ws best how to describe people s personality? （ A） The ancient Greek audience. （ B） The movie actors. （ C） Psychologists. （ D） The modern TV audience. 9 According to the passage, it is possible for us tell one type of person from another because_. （ A） people differ in their behavioral and physical
21、characteristics （ B） human fingerprints provide unique information （ C） people s behavior can be easily described in words （ D） human faces have complex features 10 Which of the following is the major point of the passage? （ A） Why it is necessary to identify people s personality. （ B） Why it is pos
22、sible to describe people. （ C） How to get to know people. （ D） How to recognize people best. 10 According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one o
23、r both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be peo
24、ple with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders“. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the pe
25、rson has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to in
26、strumental leaders to “get things done“. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members an
27、d attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others tasks and may discipline group members who inhibit(阻碍 )attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more person
28、al or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; in
29、strumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect. 11 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） The problems faced by leaders. （ B） How leadership differs in small and large groups. （ C） How social groups determine who will lead them. （ D） The rol
30、e of leaders in social groups. 12 The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT_. （ A） recruitment （ B） formal election process （ C） specific leadership training （ D） traditional cultural patterns 13 Which of the following statements about leadership can be
31、 inferred from Paragraph 2? （ A） A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group. （ B） Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person. （ C） A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on lea
32、dership. （ D） Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications. 14 In mentioning “natural leaders“(Line 3, Parag. 2), the author is making the point that_. （ A） few people qualify as “natural leaders“ （ B） there is no proof that “natural leaders“ exist （ C） na
33、tural leaders are easily accepted by the members of a group （ D） natural leaders share a similar set of characteristics 15 The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on_. （ A） ensuring harmonious relationships （ B） sharing responsibility with group members （ C） identifying new l
34、eaders （ D） achieving a goal 15 There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder“ so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally “driven“ to work. Not infrequently, fo
35、reign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的 )amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word “workaholic“ has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an
36、 alcoholic(酒鬼 )is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Am
37、ericans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the
38、work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not c
39、hanged the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable “to work hard and play hard“ and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford
40、 to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent(矛盾的 )toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon: “The work ethic holds that labor is
41、good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. Americas competitive spirit, the work ethic of this people, is alive and well.“ Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial: “I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down(折磨 )someti
42、mes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache.“ 16 An individual who is addicted to work is_. （ A） a drug addict （ B） a compulsive worker （ C） an alcoholic （ D） a competitive worker 17 The author states that workaholics_. （ A） abuse themselves physically and mentally （ B） are highly prod
43、uctive members of society （ C） torture themselves physically （ D） both A and B 18 Why have some people begun to place less emphasis on work and more on non-work activities? （ A） Because they realize that work is not useful. （ B） Because they realize that leisure time should be enjoyed. （ C） Because
44、they realize that excessive work demands can be harmful to their health. （ D） Because they realize that having friends is not as necessary as working. 19 The reason why some people dont socialize with their co-workers on the job is that_. （ A） they consider work and play separate activities （ B） the
45、y have nothing in common with their fellow workers （ C） they feel that socializing with them well create problems at home （ D） they feel that socializing with them may result in emotional problems 20 The difference between Nixons view of work and the view expressed on the TV commercial for Anacin is
46、 that_. （ A） the former is true; the latter is false （ B） the former is a fact; the latter is an opinion （ C） the former is a glorification of work; the latter is not （ D） the former is an opinion; the latter is a fact 大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 31答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第一段最后一句指
47、出 it helps you to identify yourself withnature， and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health可知园艺可以帮助你与大自然融合在一起，改善你的健康，给你带来新的快乐。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据短文第三段第二句 But according to a study it is not a personwith plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happ
48、y especially those busy with workhaving little time for leisure可知研究表明，工作着的人最快乐。故选项 C正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。短文第三段最后两句指出 People often do not cherish what theyalready have but yearn for what they cannot get That is somewhat like a man indulgingin fond dreams of numerous lovers while relu
49、ctant to settle down with the woman besidehim由此可知作者用有些男人沉迷于有很多情人的 这个例子来表明人们常常不会珍惜已经拥有的，却渴望那些得不到的。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 推断题。短文最后一段第二句指出 A happy man is one who aims high butnever forgets his actual situation 这句话意思正好与选项 B相反。而选项A、 C、 D表达的内容都符合原文对 happy man快乐的人的表述。故选 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。由短文最后一段第一句 Happiness is a game balancing betweentwo ends-what one has and what one wishes for 可知 “快乐是一个在两端之间寻找平衡的游戏 一个人所拥有的和他所希望得到的 ”。故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案
