1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 119及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 据称，在你所在的社区将建立一个大型的购物中心； 2发表你的意见并说出支持或反对的理由。 A Shopping Mall in the Neighborhood 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer
2、the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 The Circul
3、ation of Euro On January 1,2002, the Euro (欧元 )became the single currency of 12 member states of the European Union. This will make it the second largest currency in the world (the U. S. dollar being the largest). It will also be the largest currency event in the history of the world. Twelve nationa
4、l currencies will disappear and be replaced by the Euro. The original seed was planted in 1946 when Winston Churchill suggested the creation of the “United States of Europe“. His goals were primarily political, in that he hoped a unified government would bring about peace for a continent that had be
5、en torn apart by two world wars. Then, in 1952, six west-European countries took Churchills suggestion and created the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). These resources were quite strategic to the power of each country, so a requirement of the ECSC was that each country allows their resource
6、s to be controlled by an independent authority. Their goal, just as Churchill had intended, was to help prevent military conflict between France and Germany. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome was signed, declaring the goal of creating a common European market. It was signed by France, Germany, Italy, Belg
7、ium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. After many false starts, the process of creating the Euro got its real start in 1989, when the Delors Report was published by Jacques Delors, President of the European Commission. This important report outlined a three-stage transition plan that would create a s
8、ingle European currency. Economically, the Euros advantages include: Elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations-Any time either a consumer or a business made a commitment to buy something in a different country in the future (at future prices.), they stood the chance of paying much more (or less) tha
9、n they had planned. The Euro eliminates the fluctuations of currency values across certain borders. Price transparency-Being able to easily tell if a price in one country is better than the price in another is also a big benefit, both for consumers and businesses. With price equalization (平等化 ) acro
10、ss borders, businesses have to be more competitive, pricing still varies, but consumers can more easily spot a good deal-or a bad one. Transaction costs-This is particularly helpful for tourists and others who cross several borders during the course of a trip. Before, they had to exchange their mone
11、y as they entered each new country. The costs of all of these exchanges added up significantly. With the Euro, no exchanges are necessary within the Euroland countries. Increased trade across borders-The price transparency, elimination of exchange-rate fluctuations, and the elimination of exchange-t
12、ransaction costs ail contribute to an increase in trade across borders of ail the Euroland countries. Increased cross-border employment-Not only can business be conducted across borders more easily, but people are more easily employable across borders. With a single currency, it is less difficult fo
13、r people to cross into the next country to work, because their salary is paid in the same currency they use in their own country. Simplified billing-Billing for services, products, or other types of payments are simplified with the Euro. Expanding markets for business-Business can expand more easily
14、 into neighboring countries. Rather than having to set up separate accounting systems, banks, etc. for transactions in countries other than their native one, the Euro makes it simple to operate from a single central accounting office and use a single bank. Financial market stability-On a larger scal
15、e, the financial and stock exchanges can list every financial instrument in Euros rather than in each nations unit of money. This has further meanings in that it promotes trade with less restriction internationally, as well as strengthens the European financial markets. Banks can offer financial pro
16、ducts (loans, CDs, etc.) to countries throughout Euroland. Macroeconomic (整体经济 ) stability-Because of the European Central Bank (ECB), introduction of the Euro also helps to lower (and control) inflation among the EU countries. Lower interest rate-Because of the decreased exchange-rate risk, the Eur
17、o encourages lower interest rates. In the past, additional interest was charged to cover the risk of the exchange-rate fluctuation. This risk is gone with the introduction of the Euro. Structural reform for European economies-The participation requirements of the Euro pushed many EU member states wh
18、o wanted to participate to get their economies in shape and improve their economic growth. With the requirements of the Stability and Growth Pact, they will also have to maintain that control in the future, or face fines. While there are many advantages to the. Euro, there are also some disadvantage
19、s. The cost of transitioning 12 countries currencies over to a single currency could in itself be considered a disadvantage. Billions were spent not only producing the new currency, but in changing over accounting systems, software, printed materials, signs, vending machines, parking meters, phone b
20、ooths, and every other type of machine that accepts currency. In addition, there were hours of training necessary for employees, managers, and even consumers. Every government from national to local had impact costs of the transition. This enormous task required many hours of organization, planning,
21、 and implementation, which fell on the shoulders of government agencies. The chance of economic shock is another risk that comes along with the introduction of a single currency. On a macro-economic level, fluctuations have in the past been controllable by each country. With their own national curre
22、ncies, countries could adjust interest rates to encourage investments and large consumer purchases. The Euro makes interest-rate adjustments by individual countries impossible, so this form of recovery is lost. Interest rates for ail of Euroland are controlled by the European Central Bank. They coul
23、d also devalue their currency in an economic downturn by adjusting their exchange rate. This devaluation (贬值 ) would encourage foreign purchases of their goods, which would then help bring the economy back to where it needed to be. Since there is no longer an individual national currency, this metho
24、d of economic recovery is also lost. There is no exchange-rate fluctuation for individual Euro countries. A third way they could adjust to economic shocks was through adjustments in government spending, such as unemployment and social welfare programs. In times of economic difficulty, when layoffs i
25、ncrease and more citizens need unemployment benefits and other welfare funding, the governments spending increases to make these payments. This puts money back into the economy and encourages spending, which helps bring the country out of its recession. Because of the Stability and Growth Pact, gove
26、rnments are restricted to keeping their budget deficits within the requirements of the pact. This limits their freedom in spending during economically difficult times, and limits their effectiveness in pulling the country out of a recession. In addition to the chance of economic shock within Eurolan
27、d countries, there is also the chance of political shock. The lack of a single voice to speak for all Euro countries could cause problems and tension among participants. There will always be the potential risk that a member country could collapse financially and adversely affect the entire system. 2
28、 On January 1, 2002, the Euro_. （ A） became the largest currency in the world （ B） turned out to be the biggest event in history （ C） took the place of 12 national currencies （ D） became the most popular currency in the world 3 What marked the critical moment for the creation of the Euro? （ A） The U
29、nited States of Europe. （ B） The European Coal and Steel Community. （ C） The Treaty of Rome. （ D） The Delors Report. 4 What will happen if price becomes equal in different countries? （ A） Competition will increase in businesses. （ B） Consumers go to other countries to purchase. （ C） Countries adjust
30、 their foreign business policies. （ D） The value of the Euro varies in different countries. 5 Why is it easy for people to work in other member counties when the Euro became the single currency? （ A） Because people are more easily employable in other countries. （ B） Because the salary can be paid in
31、 the same currency. （ C） Because the same business is conducted in other countries. （ D） Because different countries adopt the same employment policy. 6 Since Euros are used in the European membership countries,_. （ A） international trade promotion has been restricted （ B） the unit of money in each
32、country has been improved （ C） the European financial markets has. been strengthened （ D） financial products have expanded to cover more items 7 How does the Euro influence the interest rates? （ A） The use of Euros lowers the interest rates. （ B） The use of Euros adds the interest rates. （ C） The us
33、e of Euros keeps the interest rates unchanged. （ D） The use of Euros removes the interest rates. 8 The transition to the use of Euros can be_. （ A） finished by the cooperation of 12 countries （ B） taken rather by the governments than common people （ C） the chance to improve the original city facilit
34、ies （ D） a burden to all the countries involved 9 With the use of the Euro, interest rates are adjusted not by the individual countries but by_. 10 The method of economic recovery by currency devaluation is lost without_. 11 Without individual national currencies, countries lost the ability to adjus
35、t to economic ups and downs through_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
36、 each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She has to go to the cinema. （ B） She has to go to America. （ C） She has to go to the library. （ D） She has to buy a history book. （ A） John is usual
37、ly late. （ B） John will be there at eight-thirty. （ C） John will not show up. （ D） John is usually on time. （ A） The man wants to rent a house: （ B） The man wants to sell his room. （ C） The man wants to rent a room where he can have a bath and cook. （ D） The man wants to rent an apartment with a toi
38、let. （ A） She is running down. （ B） She is a little tired. （ C） She is too worried. （ D） She is rather embarrassed. （ A） The place where they want to see a film. （ B） How to learn to drive. （ C） The time to go to movies. （ D） The old days of their childhood. （ A） Watch the TV program at home. （ B） G
39、o to bed earlier. （ C） See the TV program next day. （ D） See another TV program. （ A） They like to listen to the record again and again. （ B） They are happy she plays a different song this time. （ C） This song is always their favorite one. （ D） They are fed up with Marys songs. （ A） She should be ca
40、reful about her money. （ B） She shouldnt buy anything from that department store. （ C） She should do a part-time job in order to buy it. （ D） She can buy the yellow suit when she saves enough money. （ A） Giving a lecture. （ B） Discussing political science. （ C） Working on a science problem. （ D） Rea
41、ding twentieth-century literature. （ A） They make him feel good. （ B） They make no impact on him. （ C） They bore him. （ D） They make him angry. （ A） Professor Hawl is a controversial figure on campus. （ B） Professor Hawl plays an important part in college. （ C） Students admire Professor Hawl for his
42、 wonderful lectures. （ D） Students are sleepy in Professor Hawls lecture. （ A） From the newspaper. （ B） From her classmates. （ C） From her friends. （ D） From the man. （ A） Plant some trees on campus. （ B） Organize a picnic. （ C） Build a parking lot. （ D） Protect the natural beauty on campus. （ A） Sh
43、e will attend a meeting. （ B） She will attend a class （ C） She will visit her friends. （ D） She will go to the parking lot. （ A） Lend her pen to the man. （ B） Go to the administration with the man. （ C） Give out the handouts with the man. （ D） Sign her name to support the student action union. Secti
44、on B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Of cour
45、se. （ B） It depends. （ C） Certainly not. （ D） It is not mentioned. （ A） The world would be more beautiful. （ B） The earth would become less visible from the moon. （ C） The sunrise and sunset would lose their beauty. （ D） The sunrise and sunset would become more enjoyable. （ A） Formation of raindrops
46、 in the air. （ B） Formation of vapor water in the air. （ C） Development of air pollution. （ D） Increase of raindrops. （ A） From taxes. （ B） From the state legislatures. （ C） From the Federal government. （ D） From the parents of the school children. （ A） It is based on the Federal government. （ B） It
47、 is based on individual school. （ C） It is based on respective states. （ D） It is based on local communities. （ A） 50 percent. （ B） 2 percent. （ C） 4 percent. （ D） 6 percent. （ A） The conditions are not yet clear. （ B） The conditions are adequate. （ C） The conditions are the same as the speaker is u
48、sed to. （ D） The conditions are expected to be rather poor. （ A） The speaker is going to travel in the new place. （ B） The speaker is going to settle down in the new place. （ C） The speaker will become a teacher in the new place. （ D） The speaker will go on with her study in the new place. （ A） Fewe
49、r choices of food. （ B） Many ways to do washing. （ C） Modem lighting facilities. （ D） New types of drinking water. （ A） The speaker is unprepared for the new post. （ B） The speaker is unclear about the conditions there. （ C） The speaker is ready for all the difficulties there. （ D） The speaker is eager to know more about the post. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its gener
