1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 160及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Living on the campus or off the campus? You should write at least 120 words following the instructions given below in Chinese: 国外很多大学生都选择在校外租房，但也有很多学生还是愿意住在校园内，假设你是一个留
2、学生，谈谈你的选择和原因 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information giv
3、en in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Chimp (黑猩猩 ) Show Hallmark of Human Culture, Study Finds Researchers have discovered that chimpanzees not only teach each other new an
4、d useful behaviors, but conform to their groups preferred techniques for performing them-a hallmark of human culture. Observers have previously reported that wild chimps demonstrate more than three dozen different behaviors that have no apparent ecological or genetic origin. This diversity suggests
5、that there are distinct ape cultures. The notion assumes that chimps transmit culture-teaching and learning behaviors generation after generation. But the theory is very difficult to test and prove in a controlled experiment outside of a laboratory. So researchers at the University of St. Andrews in
6、 Scotland and Emory University in Atlanta devised an experiment to test the proposition. The results were published online August 21 in the science journal Nature. Learning and Teaching The scientists constructed a box in which a desirable food was hidden behind a trap. Captive chimps could release
7、the food by using a stick to move the trap in either of two ways. Researchers dubbed these the “poke“ and “lift“ methods. Scientists then isolated a high-ranking female of one group from her companions and taught her the poke method to release food. A female of high rank from a second group was taug
8、ht the lift method. None of the other members of the groups were allowed to watch the training. Finally, researchers used a third group as a control, presenting them with the box and sticks, but teaching them nothing about how to use them. Scientists then let the chimp groups watch their matriarch (
9、女家长 ) use the technique she had learned. To get the food, each dominant female consistently used the method she had been taught. The other chimps watched, often intensely, for over 36 hours spread over ten days. During this period, 15 chimps in the two study groups successfully used one method or th
10、e other to get food, and they picked up the behavior quickly. Median times for learning the techniques in both groups were under a minute. In the meantime, the six chimps in the control group were stymied. In more than four hours of manipulating the sticks, they were unable to extract a single piece
11、 of food. Some chimps in the “lift“ group discovered the poke method, and some in the “poke“ culture discovered lifting. But they were a small minority. When the apparatus was reintroduced two months later, the chimps reverted to their own cultures preferred method. This, the researchers maintain, p
12、rovides evidence of a “conformist bias“. The animals discount their own experience and instead adopt the behavior of the group, just as humans do. “This is a very nice experimental setup,“ said Diana Reiss, a research scientist with the Bronx, New York-based Wildlife Conservation Society, who was no
13、t involved in the study. “It was controlled for biases, and included a control group where there was no trained expert. The setup eliminated the problem of learning by interacting with humans.“ The researchers believe they have demonstrated for the first time an ability among chimpanzees to transmit
14、 alternative technologies and alternative methods of using tools. Monkey See, Monkey Do “When all these different wild chimp behaviors were discovered in the field, there was controversy.“ said Frans de Waal, a professor of primate behavior at Emory University and study co-author. “Some scientists c
15、laimed it was social learning. Others claimed there were other possible explanations-individual learning, genetic differences, ecological variables, and so on.“ “We did the experiment to prove that you could plant a behavior by training one chimp and see it spread to other chimps by observation.“ Gi
16、ving the chimps two alternative methods of accomplishing the same task, the researchers say, shows that chimps are capable of adopting local variants ( 变形 ) of a technique, just as they would if the variant behaviors seen in the wild are in fact socially transmitted. Not all experts agree with this
17、conclusion. Rob Boyd, a professor of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles, said, “I have argued that any time true imitation evolves, so will a tendency to copy the majority. So I would very much like it to be true that the data supported this prediction.“ But Boyd believes the
18、study data fail to offer the necessary proof. He notes that while a few chimps dropped their groups rarer behavioral variant (using a stick to poke or lift a trap to release food), the study “does not show that they switched to the common variant, which is what I believe is necessary.“ Personifying
19、Animals Groups of chimps at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station at Emery University, where the research was carried out, have developed cultural differences on their own, without the intervention of human teachers. One community, for example, practices hand-clasp grooming (梳理毛发
20、 ), in which two chimps each grasp one of the others hands over their heads, grooming with the free hand. Other groups do not engage in this behavior. Research with animal behavior, and perhaps especially with the great apes, risks wrongly attributing human characteristics to animals. But the resear
21、chers in this experiment say they have been careful to avoid that trap. “We aim to avoid naive anthropomorphism,“ said the lead author on the paper, Andrew Whiten of the University of St. Andrews, “by developing a rigorous experimental design that can unambiguously answer the question we pose.“ He a
22、dds that the results were scored objectively from videotapes viewed by other scientists to avoid bias. Whitten and his colleagues plan to do similar experiments with human children as subjects. “If we see similar responses in the two species.“ whiten said, “then a concern of interpretive anthropomor
23、phism becomes rather contrived.“ 2 Some researchers have discovered that chimpanzees have a hallmark of human culture. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 The diversity of wild chimps behaviors suggests that there are distinct ape cultures. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The notion that chimps transmit culture is easy
24、 to test and prove in a controlled experiment outside of a laboratory. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The researchers believe they have demonstrated for the first time an ability among chimpanzees to transmit alternative technologies and alternative methods of using tools. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The resea
25、rchers maintain that chimps are the cleverest animal. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 All experts agree with the conclusion of this experiment which is to test the proposition. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Boyd believes the study data fail to offer the necessary proof. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The research was ca
26、rried out at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station at _ 10 Research with animal behavior risks wrongly attributing _. 11 Whitten and his colleagues plan to do similar experiments with _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long convers
27、ations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is th
28、e best answer. （ A） They want to go downtown. （ B） He wants to go to the park, but she doesnt. （ C） He doesnt know where to park the car. （ D） He wants to find out where the park is. （ A） Company and customer. （ B） Repairman and customer. （ C） Teacher and students parent. （ D） Wife and husband. （ A）
29、 She didnt like working in a company. （ B） She disliked machines. （ C） She was not good at doing business. （ D） She didnt like accounting. （ A） He has some money to buy a new car. （ B） He fails in borrowing enough money from the woman. （ C） He will spend much money on his house. （ D） He wants to buy
30、 a new house and a new car. （ A） He had much trouble with his pronunciation. （ B） He began studying English too early. （ C） No one can understand him. （ D） He knew nothing about English. （ A） Frustrated. （ B） Joyful. （ C） Excited, （ D） Sorry. （ A） He doesnt like that kind of food. （ B） The woman can
31、 do some cooking herself, （ C） He doesnt intend to buy them. （ D） The woman should stop looking at him. （ A） Mrs. Fisher wants to go abroad. （ B） Mrs. Fisher is in hospital. （ C） Mrs. Fisher has no family. （ D） There are three people in Mrs. Fishers family. （ A） Which major the woman will be choosin
32、g. （ B） An anthropology course the woman is taking. （ C） How to find a job in publishing. （ D） Which anthropology professors the man recommends. （ A） It is not as difficult as she had thought it would be. （ B） She would like her professor to explain it more clearly. （ C） She took a class on it last
33、semester. （ D） Her professor will write a book on it soon. （ A） Her professor, （ B） A classmate. （ C） Her former boss. （ D） A foreign diplomat. （ A） Because nobody knew his address. （ B） Because nobody knew his age. （ C） Because Penurys private life was a secret. （ D） Because Penury was still a bach
34、elor at the age of forty-five. （ A） He did not spend money freely. （ B） He was always well-dressed. （ C） He had a luxurious ear. （ D） He worked hard for a living. （ A） A photographer. （ B） A burglar. （ C） A reporter. （ D） A professor. （ A） In 1809. （ B） In 1863. （ C） In 1865. （ D） In 1860. （ A） In t
35、he student recreation center. （ B） In the campus dining hall. （ C） In the university bookstore. （ D） In a classroom. （ A） Studying. （ B） Preparing snacks. （ C） Playing cards. （ D） Learning how to play bridge. （ A） Miss her card game. （ B） Stay up too late. （ C） Take too heavy a work load next semest
36、er. （ D） Neglect her studies to play bridge. （ A） He already knows how to play. （ B） He doesnt like to play games. （ C） He doesnt have a partner. （ D） He doesnt have enough free time. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear som
37、e questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） A new way to take notes. （ B） A short name for survey reading method, （ C） The five steps in the reading process. （ D）
38、 Different ways to study for examinations. （ A） That one should think about the ideas while reading the words. （ B） That one should read only the title and important words. （ C） That one should always take notes. （ D） That one should read sequences of words. （ A） Read. （ B） Recite. （ C） Review. （ D）
39、 Reread. （ A） Vacations. （ B） Wages. （ C） Overcrowded classrooms. （ D） Paid sick leaves. （ A） They want the teachers to resign. （ B） They want the teachers to return to work. （ C） They are very sympathetic toward the strike. （ D） They are refusing to comment on the situation. （ A） Parent Board. （ B）
40、 District Court. （ C） Teachers Union. （ D） School Committee. （ A） Computers have become part of our daily lives. （ B） Computers have advantages as well as disadvantages. （ C） People have different attitudes to computers. （ D） More and more families will own computers. （ A） Computers can bring financ
41、ial problems. （ B） Computers can bring unemployment. （ C） Computers can be very useful in families. （ D） Computerized robots can take over some unpleasant jobs. （ A） Computers may change the life they have been accustomed to. （ B） Spending too much time on computers may spoil peoples relationship. （
42、 C） Buying computers may cost a lot of money. （ D） Computers may take over human beings altogether. （ A） Affectionate. （ B） Disapproving. （ C） Approving. （ D） Neutral. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should
43、listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you ca
44、n either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 40 Building after building under water.【 B1】 _ in shelters. Thousands of others unsure where to go.【 B2】 _ for help. Anarchy. Bodies in streets. This is what one of Americas historic cities was【 B3】 _ to this week by a powerful storm
45、, Katrina. Officials want everyone still left in New Orleans, Louisiana, to leave for now. The【 B4】 _ of New Orleans says thousands may be dead.【 B5】 _ Katrina also caused death and【 B6】 _ in parts of Mississippi and Alabama along the Gulf of Mexico. Federal officials reported Friday that more than
46、one million five hundred thousand homes and businesses【 B7】 _ without electric power. New Orleans is famous for its wild Mardi Gras【 B8】 _ and night life in the French Quarter.【 B9】 _ . New Orleans has depended on levees, dams made of earth, to control floods from the Mississippi River and Lake Pont
47、chartrain. Katrina struck on Monday. New Orleans avoided a direct hit. But two of the levees failed the next day. Most of the city was flooded. Helicopters dropped huge sandbags to fill the breaks.【 B10】 _ . America faces one of the worst natural events in its history. President Bush says the recove
48、ry will take years.【 B11】 _ The Bush administration is expected to ask for more in the weeks to come. 41 【 B1】 42 【 B2】 43 【 B3】 44 【 B4】 45 【 B5】 46 【 B6】 47 【 B7】 48 【 B8】 49 【 B9】 50 【 B10】 51 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to se
49、lect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 51 Put the pedal to the metal if youre driving in Montana. That state is about to abandon the little loved 65 mph s
