1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 192及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Changes in College Students Ways of Spending Summer Vacation. Your composition should be based on the information given in table. You should write no less than 120 word
2、s according to the following outline: 1. State the changes briefly; 2. Give the possible reasons for the changes; 3. Predict the trend of changes. Ways 1990s 2000s Staying at home 55% 32% Traveling 16% 30% Doing social investigations 9% 28% Other ways 20% 10% 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimmi
3、ng and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contra
4、dicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Naturalgas Vehicles Kermit the Frog once said, “Its not that easy being green.“ Although he wasnt referring to cars, his observation seems particularly appropriate for the auto industry t
5、oday: Designing, developing and marketing “green“ cars has not been an easy task, which is why gasolinepowered vehicles still rule the road and fossil fuels still ac count for almost 75 percent of the worlds energy consumption. As gasoline prices soar and concern over harmful emission mounts, how ev
6、er, cars that run on alternate fuel sources will become increasingly important. A naturalgas vehicle, or NGV, is the perfect example of such a carits fuelefficient, environmentally friendly and offers a relatively low cost of ownership. Natural Gas Basics The word “gas“ is a confusing term because i
7、t is used to de scribe many different substances that are similar hut not exactly the same. For example, the “gas“ you put in your car is gasoline, one component of crude oil, or petroleum. Petroleum is a dark, sticky liquid mixture of compounds formed underground by tile decay of ancient marine ani
8、mals. Natural gas also cranes from the decay of ancient organisms, but it naturally takes a gaseous form instead of a liquid form. Natural gas commonly occurs in association with crude oil. It is derived from both land plants and aquatic(水中的 ) organic matter and forms above or below oil deposits. It
9、 is often dissolved in crude oil at the high pressures existing in a reservoir. There are also reservoirs of natural gas, known as nonassociated gas, that contain only gas and no oil. Natural gas consists primarily of methane(甲烷 ) and other hydrocarbon gases. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds compo
10、sed only of the elements carbon and hydrogen. The hydrocarbons in natural gas are called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain hydrogen and carbon bound together by single bonds. Like gasoline, natural gas is combustible, which means it can be used in a combustion engine like gasoline. But car
11、s that could burn natural gas didnt appear on the scene until the 1930s. From Field to Ford We extract natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs by drilling wells into the earth. A modem well, equipped with diamondstudded drill bits, can drill to depths approaching 25,000 feet. Throughout the 19
12、th century, the use of natural gas remained localized because there was no way to transport large quantities of gas over long distances. In 1890, the invention of a leakproof pipeline coupling made it possible to transport gas miles from the source, Improvements in pipeline technology continued over
13、 the next two decades constructed more than 10 major natural gas transmission systems in the United States, making natural gas a viable energy source for many applications. The oil shortages of the late 1960s and early 1970s brought renewed interest in natural gas as a fuel source, especially for au
14、tomobiles. Today, owners of naturalgas vehicles can fill up their cars at one of 1,300 fueling stations located in the United States. Honda al so offers a personal natural gas pump to people who purchase its naturalgaspowered Civic. The pump uses a homes existing natural gas lines and can be install
15、ed for $500 to $1500. Naturalgas Vehicle Design Naturalgas vehicles use the same basic principles as gasoline powered vehicles. In other words, the fuel (natural gas in this case) is mixed with air in the cylinder of a fourstroke engine and then ignited by a spark plug to move a piston up and down.
16、Although there are some differences between natural gas and gasoline in terms of flammability and ignition temperatures, NGVs themselves operate on the same fundamental concepts as gasolinepowered vehicles. Still, some modifications are required to make an NGV work efficiently. These changes are pri
17、marily in the fuel storage tank, the engine and the chassis. Advantages The biggest advantage of NGVs is that they reduce environ mentally harmful emissions. Naturalgas vehicles can achieve up to a 93 percent reduction in carbon monoxide emissions, 33 percent reduction in emissions of various oxides
18、 of nitrogen and a 50 percent reduction in reactive hydrocarbons when compared to gasoline vehicles. NGVs also rate higher in particulate matter 10 (PM10) emissions. PM10 particles transport and deposit toxic materials through the air. NGVs that operate in diesel applications can reduce PM10 e missi
19、ons by a factor of 10. Naturalgas vehicles also offer these benefits: NGVs are safer. The fuel storage tanks on an NGV are thicker and stronger than gasoline or diesel (内燃机车 ) tanks. There has not been an NGV fueltank rupture in more than two years in the United States. Natural gas costs are lower t
20、han gasoline. On average, natural gas costs onethird less than gasoline at the pump. Natural gas is convenient and abundant. A weltestablished pipeline infrastructure exists in the United States to deliver natural gas to almost every urban area and most suburban areas. There are more than 1,300 NGV
21、fueling stations in the United States, and more are being added every day. Natural gas prices have exhibited significant stability compared to oil prices. Historically, natural gas prices have exhibited significant price stability compared to the prices of petroleumbased fuels. This stability makes
22、it easier to plan accurately for longterm costs. NGVs have lower maintenance costs. Because natural gas burns so cleanly, it results in less wear and tear on the engine and extends the time between tuneups and oil changes. Disadvantages One of the biggest complaints about NGVs is that they arent as
23、roomy as gasoline cars. This is because NGVs have to give up precious cargo and trunk space to accommodate the fuel storage cylinders. Not only that, these cylinders can be expensive to design and builda contributing factor to the higher overall costs of a naturalgas vehicle compared to a gasolinepo
24、wered car. Another drawback is the limited driving range of NGVs, which is typically about half that of a gasolinepowered vehicle. For example, Hondas natural gas Civic, the Civic GX, can go up to 220 miles without refueling. A typical gasolinepowered Civic can go approximately 350 miles without ref
25、ueling. If a dedicated NGV ran out of fuel on the road, it would have to be towed to the owners home or to a local natural gas refueling station, which might be harder to find than a “regular“ gas station. Finally, it should be noted that natural gas, like gasoline, is a fossil fuel and cannot be co
26、nsidered a renewable resource. While natural gas reserves in the United States are still considerable, they are not inexhaustible, some predict that there are enough natural gas re serves remaining to last another 67.1 years, assuming that the 2003 level of production continues. 2 This passage expla
27、ins the basic idea of NGVs and examines the benefits and shortcomings of this technology. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Natural gas is mainly made up of methane and other hydrocarbon gasses. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The basic principles applied to naturalgas vehicles are quite different from those applied
28、to gasolinepowered vehicles. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The biggest advantage provided by NGVs is that they help reduce car accidents to a great degree. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The average cost of natural gas is onethird less than that of gasoline at the pump. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 NGVs arent as room
29、y as gasoline cars because they have to give up cargo and trunk space to accommodate the fuel storage cylinders. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The United States has larger use of NGVs than the other countries in Europe. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Not until the _ were the cars that could burn natural gas inve
30、nted. 10 Natural gas trapped in underground reservoirs is extracted by _. 11 People renewed their interest in natural gas as a fuel as a result of _ of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of e
31、ach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Lea
32、ve all in the morning. （ B） Finish the works before midnight. （ C） Not try to finish everything tonight. （ D） Work from midnight to morning. （ A） In a department store. （ B） In a post office. （ C） In a bank. （ D） In a grocery store. （ A） Hell probably not go since he is busy. （ B） He will not regret
33、 missing a chance like that. （ C） Hell definitely go. （ D） He is sure that he wont go （ A） She is very happy that the English class was cancelled. （ B） She meant to go but slipped. （ C） She meant to go to class but forgot. （ D） She forgot to tell him. （ A） The man will meet the woman tomorrow. （ B）
34、The man and the woman have an appointment at 7 oclock. （ C） The woman cant finish making the jam before 7 oclock. （ D） The woman wont be able to see the man this evening. （ A） Mr. Jones neighbor. （ B） Mr. Jones babysitter. （ C） Mr. Jones wife. （ D） A stranger. （ A） She does not agree with Jack. （ B）
35、 Jacks performance is disappointing. （ C） Most people will find basketball boring. （ D） She shares Jacks opinion. （ A） The man went to a wrong checkin counter. （ B） The man has just missed his flight. （ C） The plane will leave at 9:14. （ D） The planes departure time remains unknown. （ A） Because of
36、their love for hobbies and pastimes. （ B） Because of their enthusiasm for sports. （ C） Because of their fear of heart attacks. （ D） Because of their strong desire for good health. （ A） It remained almost unchanged. （ B） It was going up slowly. （ C） It was decreasing. （ D） It was increasing. （ A） Tho
37、se who have heart attacks. （ B） Those who have the desire to be physically fit. （ C） Those who have spare time. （ D） Those who have inactive jobs. （ A） He is always in a hurry. （ B） He is quick in making decisions. （ C） He is always the first to arrive at the airport. （ D） He usually doesnt get the
38、reward he deserves. （ A） Salt Lake City, USA. （ B） New York City, USA. （ C） Helsinki, Finland. （ D） Stockholm, Sweden, （ A） The twentyfirst. （ B） The twentysecond. （ C） The twentythird. （ D） The twentyfourth. （ A） He asked for a speciallyprepared dinner. （ B） He wanted an aisle seat. （ C） He request
39、ed a blanket for his baby. （ D） He asked for a seat near the front of the plane. （ A） Take a walk. （ B） Clean the house. （ C） Go to the doctor. （ D） Go to the cinema. （ A） 12:00 P.M （ B） 1:00 P.M （ C） 2:00 P.M （ D） 4:30 P.M （ A） Wash the dishes. （ B） Call a friend. （ C） Play soccer with her brother.
40、 （ D） Repair the video machine. （ A） The machine isnt working. （ B） They cant decide on a video. （ C） Susans mother is going to use it. （ D） Susan has to finish her assignment. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some quest
41、ions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants. （ B） The exhaustion of energy resources. （ C） The destruction of energy re
42、sources. （ D） The spread of the black powder from the fires. （ A） The underground oil resources have not been affected. （ B） Most of the desert animals and plants have managed to survive. （ C） The oil lakes soon dried up and stooped evaporating. （ D） The underground water resources have not been aff
43、ected. （ A） To restore the normal production of the oil wells. （ B） To estimate the losses caused by the fire. （ C） To remove the oil left in the desert. （ D） To use the oil left in the oil lakes. （ A） His friend gave him the wrong key. （ B） He didnt know where. the back door was. （ C） He couldnt fi
44、nd the key to his mailbox. （ D） It was too dark to put the key in the lock. （ A） It was getting dark. （ B） He was afraid of being blamed by his friend. （ C） The birds might have flown away. （ D） His friend would arrive any time. （ A） He looked silly with only one leg inside the window. （ B） He knew
45、the policeman wouldnt believe him. （ C） The torch light made him look very foolish. （ D） He realized that he had made a mistake. （ A） He didnt like physics any more. （ B） His eyesight was too poor. （ C） Physics was too hard for him. （ D） He had to work to work to support himself. （ A） He was not hap
46、py with the new director. （ B） He was not qualified to be an engineer. （ C） He wanted to travel. （ D） He found his job boring. （ A） He wanted to work with his friend. （ B） He enjoyed traveling around the world. （ C） He wanted to go to Spain. （ D） He was rejected by the engineering firm. （ A） He enjo
47、yed teaching English. （ B） He wanted to earn more to support his family. （ C） The owner of the school promised him a good position. （ D） He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for th
48、e first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.
49、 For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 40 The word “sport“ first meant something that people did in their【 B1】 _time. Later it often meant【 B2】 _wild animals and birds. About a hundred years ago the word was first used for【 B3】 _games, which is its usual【 B4】 _today. People spend their spare time playing football, basketball, tennis and many other sports. Such people pla
