1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 228及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 80 minutes to write a composition entitled “My Unforgettable Teacher“. You should write at least 120 words according to the following instructions: 1. 简要描述发生在你和老师之间的某 件令你难以忘怀之事。 2. 这件事情表明了老师的何种品德及对你产生的影响。 二、 Part II
2、 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (f
3、or NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Killer Smog Cases of Killer Smogs On the night of December 1st, 1930, a dense fog moved over the Meuse Valley, in Belgium. Many factories in the valley p
4、oured smoke and fumes into the foggy air. This created dark smog of smoke and fog combined. People in the valley began to cough and strain for breath. The smog remained for four days. During that time, thousands of people became ill. The hospitals were filled with patients. Sixty people died. Most o
5、f them were older persons with heart and lung problems. Finally, a heavy rain washed away the smog. Scientists studied the causes of the disaster. They concluded that the illnesses and deaths were caused by chemicals in the smog. The first reported event of this kind in the United States happened in
6、 Donora, a factory town in a valley near Pittsburgh. In 1948, a killer smog made half of the population sick; there were 17 deaths. Again, older people with lung or heart diseases were hit hardest. London, England, has always been known for its “black fogs“. In the winter of 1952, a milky white fog
7、rolled into the city. It soon turned into black smog as the smoke of the city poured into the air. It was so hard to see that people had to walk in front of the buses to guide them. In this way, the most serious air pollution disaster in history began. When it was over, more than 4,000 people had be
8、en killed by the thick black smog. New York City has had several types of smogs since 1950. Each time, there were from 100 to 400 deaths caused by the smog. Although these smogs were not as deadly as Londons, New York City has the worst air pollution problem in the United States. Causes of Killer Sm
9、ogs In all the killer smogs, factories and homes poured smoke and fumes into the air from the furnaces. The chemical fumes combined with the water droplets in the fog to form harmful substances. These substances caused the illness of those who breathed the polluted air. Usually, such harmful fumes r
10、ise into the upper air and are blown away by the wind. But sometimes there is an unusual weather condition called a temperature inversion. A layer of cold air remains near the ground as smoke and fumes pour into it. This is covered by an upper layer of warm air that acts like a lid. It prevents the
11、polluted cooler air from rising. The harmful fumes pile up and make people ill. These fumes contain sulfur dioxide, soot particles, and other chemicals. The smog may be so thick that airports are closed and chains of collisions occur on the highways. Another type of smog occurs in Los Angeles. Here
12、the weather may be clear and sunny. But stinging eyes and dry coughs show that harmful chemicals fill the air. The smog is due to invisible gases, mostly from automobile exhausts. Because these chemicals are changed by the sun high up in the air, Los Angeles smog is called photochemical smog. It con
13、tains automobile exhaust fumes and nitrogen oxides changed by the suns rays. Added to these are sulfur dioxide and other fumes from factories and oil refineries. Photochemical smog is found in many large cities all over the world. Harmful Substances Found in Smogs Killer smogs dont happen very often
14、, fortunately. But in many large cities, a combination of automobile exhaust fumes, home furnace smoke, and factory waste gases pours into the air. This may also happen in the suburbs, or out in the country, where large factories have been built. A number of harmful substances have been found in the
15、 air there. When these substances are breathed in day after day, the health of the population is affected. Sulfur dioxide is formed when fuels containing sulfur are burned. The sulfur combines with the oxygen in the air to form sulfur dioxide. This gas probably caused most of the deaths in the kille
16、r smogs. It combines with the water droplets in the air, or with the mucus(黏液 )in the respiratory system. This can form sulfuric acid. Experiments with animals show that sulfur dioxide can paralyze or destroy the cilia in the air passages. It damages the lungs and lowers the resistance to pneumonia
17、and influenza. It can also cause bronchitis(支气管炎 )and emphysema. Soot is the black or gray smoke coming from chimneys and smoke stacks. It consists of particles that float in the air and then settle to the ground. Cancer-producing chemicals have been found in soot. They are suspected of causing lung
18、 cancer, but proof is still lacking. Most cases of lung cancer are probably caused by smoking cigarettes. But it is known that populations living where there is severe air pollution have a higher rate of lung cancer than people who live where there is clean air. This is true, even if their smoking h
19、abits are the same. Carbon monoxide is produced by all automobile engines. Defective furnaces can also produce this gas. When carbon monoxide enters the lungs, it combines with the hemoglobin(血红蛋白 )of the red blood cells. This prevents the red blood cells from carrying oxygen all over the body. Wher
20、e there are traffic jams, carbon monoxide may pile up in the air. It can cause headaches and dizziness. Sometimes carbon monoxide can enter the body of a car because of a leak in the exhaust system. In such cases it can cause serious illness or even death. Measures Taken to Deal With the Problem Soo
21、t and fumes produced by furnaces can be removed by several methods. Scrubbing sprays of water can clean up the smoke. Another method uses high voltage electricity to chafe soot particles and to attract them to a charged plate. The automobile is now the chief cause of air pollution. This is the most
22、serious problem in Los Angeles. The state of California requires air pollution controls on all new automobiles sold in that state. All new cars have valves to return unburned gases to the engine. In addition, it has been proposed that only lead-free gasoline should be used. But the exhaust fumes sti
23、ll contain nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other harmful substances. A federal law requires that, by 1975, new cars should have devices to get rid of almost all harmful fumes. Although much work has been done, such cars have not yet been perfected. Perhaps cars run by steam engines or by batte
24、ry power may be the answer. Perhaps more people will have to use trains or buses to travel in the cities. The problem of air pollution is not easy to solve. But more will have to be done to prevent the poisoning of the air we all must breathe. 2 Smog is fateful. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 More than 400
25、 people were killed in the black smog which struck London in 1952. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Smog has become the most serious type of pollution. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Photochemical smog exists mainly in big cities. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Smog does great harm to the respiratory system. （ A） Y （ B） N
26、 （ C） NG 7 There is enough evidence the soot is the main cause of lung cancer. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 The automobile is now the main cause of air pollution. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The term “smog“ is the combination of two words: _ and _. 10 Carbon monoxide, combined with the hemoglobin, will preve
27、nt the red blood cells from carrying _ all over the body. 11 A federal law requires that, by 1975, new cars should be equipped with devices to remove _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more q
28、uestions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Both editions are the same price n
29、ow. （ B） The paperback is on sale. （ C） The hardcover book is better quality; therefore, it costs more. （ D） The books are different, but the covers are the same. （ A） She thinks the explanation is difficult. （ B） The book includes an explanation of all the answers. （ C） The explanations will be add
30、ed in a later edition. （ D） She thinks the book should include more information. （ A） Become a representative of the class. （ B） Give a presentation to the class. （ C） Leave the class early. （ D） Take pictures. （ A） Reservations should be made early in the day. （ B） It is impossible to make reservat
31、ions on Saturdays and Sundays. （ C） The restaurant has a branch nearby that makes reservations. （ D） The restaurant is being remodeled this weekend. （ A） He isnt ready to show his pictures yet. （ B） He isnt ready to take pictures yet. （ C） The pictures are still being processed. （ D） He wants the wo
32、man to take a picture of him. （ A） Reading is more helpful than watching TV. （ B） Watching TV is better than reading a newspaper. （ C） A combination of reading and listening is most effective. （ D） The newspaper is a good source for learning English. （ A） Aunt Jane was angry. （ B） Aunt Jane was disa
33、ppointed. （ C） Aunt Jane was excited. （ D） Aunt Jane was surprised. （ A） She should wear something dressy. （ B） Its a cocktail party. （ C） Its an informal party. （ D） She shouldnt wear pants. （ A） He could get it back next morning. （ B） He could get it back next evening. （ C） He could get it back ne
34、xt afternoon. （ D） He could get it back next week. （ A） He was shocked. （ B） He was happy. （ C） He was sad. （ D） He was angry. （ A） The switch didnt work. （ B） The tube didnt work. （ C） The screen was broken. （ D） The remote control didnt work. （ A） To do as much as you can. （ B） To do only what is
35、necessary. （ C） To act as carefully and quickly as you can. （ D） To do only what is necessary carefully and quickly. （ A） Leave him lying where he is and place something soft under his head and a coat over him. （ B） Roll him up in a blanket and send him to a hospital as quickly as you can. （ C） Move
36、 his arms and legs. （ D） Try to do as much as you can to save him. （ A） Do artificial respiration as soon as possible if the person has stopped breathing. （ B） Act immediately to stop the flow of blood if the person is bleeding badly. （ C） Loosen his clothing if the person is unconscious. （ D） Perfo
37、rm the operation as soon as possible. （ A） The drug made them lose &he ability to work. （ B） The drug made it more difficult for people to think rationally. （ C） The drug stopped people from worrying about the future. （ D） The drug enabled people to forget all their problems. （ A） He has a sleeping
38、problem. （ B） He often feels tired and doesnt want to do anything, （ C） He often has headaches and doesnt feel like doing anything. （ D） He often has stomachs and doesnt feel like eating anything. （ A） He should exercise everyday. （ B） He should relax in a chair in the afternoon. （ C） He should go o
39、n a strict diet. （ D） He should get up early in the morning. （ A） He usually watches TV. （ B） He usually works on his reading assignment. （ C） He usually goes jogging. （ D） He usually exercises to lose weight. （ A） He lacks time. （ B） He lacks willpower. （ C） He lacks sleep. （ D） He lacks medicine.
40、Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Hi
41、gh-educated people. （ B） Everybody. （ C） High-scored students. （ D） Most of the students. （ A） Students receiving information. （ B） Forcing information. （ C） Teachers sending information. （ D） More like guiding and helping. （ A） Spring. （ B） Summer. （ C） Fall. （ D） Winter. （ A） Morning. （ B） Midday.
42、 （ C） Late afternoon. （ D） Night. （ A） He wanted to make extra money. （ B） He saw that Robin was young and rich. （ C） He was going to row across the river anyway. （ D） He felt sorry for him because Robin looked poor. （ A） He was cheerful and excited. （ B） He was tired. （ C） He seemed very sad. （ D）
43、He seemed frightened by his strange surroundings. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the b
44、lanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 People use their mouths for many things. They ea
45、t, talk, 【 B1】 _ and sing. They smile and they kiss. In the English language there are many 【 B2】 _ using the word “mouth“. But some of them are not so 【 B3】 _ . For example, if you say bad things about a person the person might 【 B4】 _ and say “Do not bad mouth me“. Sometimes people say something t
46、o a friend or a family member that they later 【 B5】 _ because it hurts that persons 【 B6】 _ or they tell the person something they were not 【 B7】_ to tell. The speaker might say “I really put my foot in my mouth this time“. If this should happen the speaker might feel “down in the mouth“. In other w
47、ords he might be sad for saying the wrong thing. Another 【 B8】 _ is when someone falsely claimed another person said something. The other person might protest “ 【 B9】 _ “. Information is often spread through “word of mouth“. This is general communication between people like friends talking to each o
48、ther. Someone might ask “ 【 B10】 _ ?“ The answer is that “Oh, by word of mouth“. Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend was going to say. 【 B11】 _ . 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A D
49、irections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 A nationa
