1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 318及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Study the following chart carefully ,and write an essay in which you should 1. describe the chart, 2. deduce the purpose of the painter of the chart. You should write at least 120 words neatly. 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scann
2、ing) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the in
3、formation given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Creative Justice The Ancient Method of Punishment Throwing criminals in jail is an ancient and widespread method of punishment, but is it a wise one? It does seem reasonable to keep wrongdoers in a p
4、lace where they find fewer opportunities to hurt innocent people, and where they might discover that crime doesnt pay. The system has long been considered fair and sound by those who want to see the guilty punished and society protected. Yet the value of this form of justice is now being questioned
5、by the very men who have to apply it the judges. The reason, they say, is that prison doesnt do anyone any good. The Alternative Sentencing Does it really help society, or the victim, or the victims family, to put in jail a man who, while drunk at the wheel of his car, has injured or killed another
6、pemon7 t would be more helpful to make the man pay for his victims medical bills and compensate him for the bad experience, the loss of working time, and any other problems arising from the accident, ff the victim is dead, in most cases his family could use some financial assistance. The Idea of Com
7、pensation The idea of compensation is far from now: some ancient nations had laws defining very precisely what should be paid for every offense and injury. In Babylon, around 2,700 B. C., a thief had to give back five times the value of the goods he had stolen; in Rome, centuries later, thieves only
8、 paid double. “Good system!“ say modem judges, who know what bad effects a prison term can have on a nonviolent first offender. A young thief who spends time in jail receives there a thorough education in crime from his fellow prisoners. Willingly or not, he has to associate with tough criminals who
9、 will drag him into more serious offenses, more prison terms - a life of repeated wrongdoing that will leave a trail of victims and cost the community a great deal of money; for it is very expensive to put a man on trial and keep him in jail. Other Kinds of Punishment for “Light“ Criminals Such cons
10、iderations have caused a number of English and American judges to try other kinds of punishment for “light“ criminals, all unpleasant enough to discourage the offenders from repeating their offenses, but safe for them because they are not exposed to dangerous company. They pay for their crime by hel
11、ping their victims, financially or otherwise, or by doing unpaid labor for their community; they may have to work for the poor or the mentally ill, to clean the streets of their town, collect litter or plant trees, or to do some work for which they are qualified. Or perhaps they take a job and repay
12、 their victim out of their salary. This sort of punishment, called an alternative sentence, is applied only to nonviolent criminals who are not likely to be dangerous to the public, such as forgers, shoplifters, and drivers who have caused traffic accidents. Alternative sentences are considered part
13、icularly good for young offenders. The sentenced criminal has the right to refuse the new type of punishment if he prefers a prison term. The Application of “Creative Justice“ Since alternative sentences are not defined by law, it is up to the judges to find the punishment that fits the crime. They
14、have shown remarkable imagination in applying what they call “creative justice“. A dentist convicted of killing a motorcyclist while driving drank has been condemned to fix the teeth of the poor and the elderly at his own expense one day a week for a full year. Another drunk driver ( age nineteen )
15、was ordered to work in the emergency mom of a hospital once a week for three years, so that he could see for himself the results of careless driving. A thief who had stolen some equipment from a farmer had to raise a pig and a calf for his victim. A former city treasurer, guilty of dishonest actions
16、, was put to raising money for the Red Cross. A group of teenagers were sentenced to fix ten times the number of windows that they had smashed “just for fun“ one wild evening. Graffiti artists have been made to scrub walls, benches, and other “decorated“ places. Other young offenders caught snatchin
17、g old ladies purses have been condemned to paint or repair old peoples houses or to work in mental hospitals. A doctor who had attacked his neighbor during a snowball fight had to give a lecture on the relation between smoking and cancer. A college professor arrested in a protest demonstration was o
18、rdered to write a long essay on civil disobedience, and the president of a film. company, who had forged $ 42,000 worth of cheeks, had to make a film about the danger of drags, to be shown in schools. The project cost him $ 45,000, besides the fine that he had been sentenced to pay. The judges creat
19、ivity is not reserved for individuals only; lawbreaking companies also can receive alternative sentences. They are usually directed to make large contributions to charities or projects that will benefit their community. Instead of trying new types of sentences, some judges have explored new ways of
20、using the old ones. They have given prison term to be served on weekends only, for instance a sentence that allows married offenders to retain their jobs and to keep their families together. Although the public tends to find the weekend sentences much too light, the offenders do not always agree. Sa
21、ys one, “Its worse than serving one term full time, because its like going to jail twenty times“. But prison personnel object that it is too easy for weekenders to bring drugs and other forbidden goods to the other inmates: they have to be searched carefully and create extra problems and work for th
22、e guards. Opinions on Alternative Sentencing Alternative sentencing is now practised in seventeen states and is spreading fast. Judges meet regularly to compare sentences and share their experiences. The federal government has announced that it would provide guidelines to prevent the courts from giv
23、ing widely different sentences for similar offenses. The judges have not welcomed the idea, they feel that it will narrow their imagination. The supporters of the new justice point out that it presents many advantages. It reduces prison crowding, which has been responsible for much violence and crim
24、e among inmates. It saves a great deal of money, and decreases the chances of bad influence and repeated offenses. It also provides some help to the victims, who have always been neglected in the past. Many judges think that alternative sentences may also be beneficial to the offenders themselves, b
25、y forcing them to see the effects of their crimes and the people who have suffered from them. The greatest resistance to the new kind of justice comes from the families of victims who have died. Bent on revenge, many angrily refuse any sort of compensation. They want the criminal locked up in the go
26、od old-fashioned way. They believe, reasonably, that the only just punishment is the one that fits the crime. And they fail to understand the purpose of alternative sentencing. What the judges are trying to find is the kind of punishment that will not only be just, but useful to society, by helping
27、the victims and their families, the community, and those offenders who can be reformed. “This,“ says a “creative“ judge, “is true justice.“ 2 English and American judges object to prison terms. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Prison terms to be served on weekends only are most welcomed by the offenders. （ A
28、） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Alternative sentencing is considered only good for young offenders. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 A nonviolent offender can choose between jail and alternative sentencing. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Alternative sentencing is also called “creative justice“. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Creativ
29、e justice is applied to both individuals and companies. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Alternative sentencing is so widespread in the U.S. that guidelines should be provided by the federal government. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Judges say creative justice will not be worthy of the name if_are to be provided b
30、y federal government. 10 Creative justice started in the United States is based on_. 11 _to be served on weekends only are a new way of using the old types of punishment. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversat
31、ion, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She thought it w
32、as expensive. （ B） She thought it took less time. （ C） She thought it was long and tiring. （ D） She felt quite all right. （ A） Watching television. （ B） Reading a newspaper. （ C） Listening to a sports programme. （ D） Watching a basketball match. （ A） They are both from Asia. （ B） They will spend the
33、 summer in China. （ C） They are both interested in art. （ D） They are both students, （ A） Neither the man nor the woman has finished the assignment yet. （ B） The man thinks the paper is easy. （ C） The woman thinks the paper is easy. （ D） Both the man and the woman think the paper is hard. （ A） At th
34、e airport check-in. （ B） In a restaurant. （ C） In a canteen. （ D） In a hotel lobby. （ A） He is not a music fan. （ B） Jazz is his favourite kind of music. （ C） He doesnt really like Jazz. （ D） He isnt hot now that he has a fan. （ A） He will type it next week. （ B） It took him an entire week to type i
35、t. （ C） He still isnt quite finished with it. （ D） He would rather work on it than do nothing. （ A） A movie. （ B） A theatre. （ C） A restaurant. （ D） A park. （ A） Being criticized by his teammates. （ B） Having not enough sleep. （ C） Being unable to surf on the Internet. （ D） Being away from home. （ A
36、） His rivals and teammates. （ B） His coach and teammates. （ C） His family and his teammates. （ D） His country men and his family. （ A） Intelligent but lazy. （ B） Humourous and sensible. （ C） Kind-hearted but indecisive. （ D） Humourous and considerate. （ A） To Colorado. （ B） To Arizona. （ C） To the N
37、ile River. （ D） To the Museum of Natural History. （ A） Archaeological. （ B） Biological. （ C） Meteorological. （ D） Sociological. （ A） In a cave. （ B） In a river. （ C） In a tree. （ D） In a boat. （ A） Solve a mystery. （ B） See the valley. （ C） Find some driftwood. （ D） Take some photographs. Section B
38、Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Packaging is
39、 an easy thing. （ B） A package is very cheap. （ C） A package can sometimes motivate the customer to buy a product. （ D） Customers like beautiful packages more than the products, （ A） We should remember that a package is often a form of advertisement. （ B） We should believe that a package is dependab
40、le. （ C） The package has nothing to do with the product. （ D） The package is very important when we decide to buy a product. （ A） How to cheat customers. （ B） How to attract customers. （ C） Packaging is not important. （ D） Packaging is a form of advertising. （ A） To cat nothing. （ B） To work hard. （
41、 C） To have surgery. （ D） To cost a lot of money. （ A） 30 million. （ B） 13 million. （ C） 20 million. （ D） 70 million. （ A） Bookstores are keeping their promises. （ B） Diet books are not always effective. （ C） Diet books are usually helpful. （ D） There are lots of ways of losing weight. （ A） There ar
42、e no special relationships in the group. （ B） A group date may be planned in advance. （ C） One is paired with another on a group date. （ D） A girl might be together with a boy all the time on a group date. （ A） They neednt pay at all. （ B） The boys must pay for the girls. （ C） The girls must pay for
43、 themselves. （ D） The organizers should pay for the girls. （ A） They find the group date to be a great deal of fun. （ B） They find the group date to be a little bit dull. （ C） They think they are under great pressure. （ D） They lack interest in the group date. （ A） Group dates certainly lead to seri
44、ous relationships for the members of the group. （ B） Maybe a girl and a boy on a group date find that they have a lot in common. （ C） Maybe a girl and a boy on a group date find they enjoy being together. （ D） Usually, everyone on a group date is just interested in a good time. Section C Directions:
45、 In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.
46、For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Instructors at American colleges and universities use many different teaching【 B1】 _. Some instructors give【 B2】 _every
47、 day. They grade homework. Students in their classes have to take many【 B3】 _a midterm exam, and a final exam. Other instructors give only writing tasks. Some teachers always follow a course【 B4】 _and usually use the textbook. Others send students to the 【 B5】_for after-class work. The【 B6】 _in some
48、 classrooms is very formal. Students call their nstructors “Professor Smith“, “Mrs. Jones“, and so on. Some teachers wear【 B7】 _clothes and give lectures. Other classrooms have an【 B8】 _atmosphere. Students and teachers discuss their ideas.【 B9】 _. At most American colleges and universities, facilit
49、ies for learning and recreation are available to students.【 B10】 _. They can buy books, notebooks, and other things at campus stores.【 B11】 _ Students can relax and have fun on campus, too. Some schools have swimming pools and tennis courts. Most have snack bars or cafeterias. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
