1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 342及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic keeping Pets. Your composition should be based on the outline given below in Chinese. Your part of the composition should be at least about 120 words. 1. 在中国养宠物的人越来越多 2
2、原因何在 3你喜欢什么宠物 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information gi
3、ven in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Lifesaver HeroineFlorence Nightingale “The ultimate destination of all nursing is the nursing of the sick in their own homes. I look
4、to the abolition of all hospitals and Workhouse infirmaries. “ Florence Nightingale Early Years Florence Nightingale was born in Italy on 12 May 1820 and was named Florence after the city where she was born. Her parents, William Edward and Frances Nightingale were a wealthy couple, who had toured Eu
5、rope/or two years on their honeymoon. During their travels their first daughter, Parthenope, was born in Naples (Parthenope being the Greek name for the ancient city), followed one year later by Florence. On returning to England the Nightingales divided their time between two homes In the summer mon
6、ths they lived at Lea Hurst in Derbyshire, moving to Embley in Hampshire for the winter. Lea Hurst is now a retirement home and Embley is now a school. Call from God Florence and Parthenope were taught at home by their Cambridge University educated father. Florence was an academic child, while her s
7、ister excelled at painting and needlework. Florence grew up to be a lively and attractive young woman, admired in the familys social circle and she was expected to make a good marriage, but Florence had other concerns. In 1837, whilst in the gardens at Embley, Florence had what she described as her
8、“calling“. Florence heard the voice of God calling her to do his work, but at this time she had no idea what that work would be. The Years of Struggle and the Visit to Kaiserswerth Florence developed an interest in the social questions of the day, made visits to the homes of the sick in the local vi
9、llages and began to investigate hospitals and nursing. Her parents refused to allow her to become a nurse as in the mid-nineteenth century it was not considered a suitable profession for a well educated woman. While the family conflicts over Florences future remained unresolved, it was decided that
10、Florence would tour Europe with some family friends, Charles and Selina Bracebridge. The three traveled to Italy, Egypt and Greece, returning in July 1850 through Germany where they visited Pastor Theodor Fliedners hospital and school for deaconesses (女执事，牧师的女助手 ) at Kaiserswerth, near Dusseldorf. T
11、he following year Florence Nightingale returned to Kaiserswerth and undertook three months nursing training, which enabled her to take a vacancy as Superintendent of the Establishment for Gentlewomen during illness at No.1 Harley Street, London in 1853. The Crimean War In March 1854 Britain, France
12、and Turkey declared war on Russia. The allies defeated the Russians at the battle of the Alma in September but reports in The Times criticized the British medical facilities for the wounded. In response, Sidney Herbert, the Minister at War, who knew Florence Nightingale socially and through her work
13、 at Harley Street, appointed her to oversee the introduction of female nurses into the military hospitals in Turkey. On 4 November 1854, Florence Nightingale arrived at the Barrack Hospital in Scutari, a suburb on the Asian side of Constantinople (君士坦丁堡 ), with the party of 38 nurses. Initially the
14、doctors did not want the nurses there and did not ask for their help, but within ten days fresh casualties arrived from the battle of Inkerman and the nurses were fully stretched. The “Lady-in-Chief“, as Florence was called, wrote home on behalf of the soldiers. She acted as a banker, sending the me
15、ns wages home to their families, and introduced reading rooms to the hospital. In return she gained the undying respect of the British soldiers. The introduction of female nurses to the military hospitals was an outstanding success, and to show the nations gratitude for Florence Nightin gales hard w
16、ork a public subscription (募捐 ) was organized in November 1855. The money collected was to enable Florence Nightingale to continue her reform of nursing in the civil hospitals of Britain. When Florence Nightingale returned from the Crimean War in August 1856, four months after the peace treaty was s
17、igned, she hid herself away from the publics attention. In November 1856 Miss Nightingale took a hotel room in London which became the centre for the campaign for a Royal Commission to investigate the health of the British Army. When Sidney Herbert was appointed chairman, she continued as a driving
18、force behind the scenes. For her contribution to Army statistics and comparative hospital statistics in 1860, Florence Nightingale became the first woman to be elected a fellow of the Statistical Society. In 1865 she settled at 10 South Street, Mayfair, in the West End of London and apart from occas
19、ional visits to Embley, Lea Hurst and to her sister at Claydon House she lived there until her death. Nightingale Training School for Nurses Florence Nightingales greatest achievement was to raise nursing to the level of a respectable profession for women. In 1860, with the public subscriptions of t
20、he Nightingale Fund, she established the Nightingale Training School for nurses at St Thomas Hospital. Mrs Sarah Wardroper, Matron at St Thomas, became the head of the new school. The probationer (实习护士 ) nurses received a years training which included some lectures but was mainly practical ward work
21、 under the supervision of the ward sister. “Miss Nightingale“, as she was always called by the nurses, scrutinized the probationers ward diaries and reports. From 1872 Florence Nightingale devoted closer attention to the organization of the School and almost annually for the next thirty years she wr
22、ote an open letter to the nurses and probationers giving advice and encouragement. On completion of training Florence Nightingale gave the nurses books and invited them to tea. Once trained the nurses were sent to staff hospitals in Britain and abroad and to established nursing training schools on t
23、he Nightingale model. In 1860 her best known work, Notes on Nursing, was published. It laid down the principles of nursing: careful observation and sensitivity to the patients needs. Notes on Nursing has been translated into eleven foreign languages and is still in print today. Public Health Florenc
24、e Nightingales writings on hospital planning and organization had a profound effect in England and across the world. Miss Nightingale was the principal advocate of the “Pavilion“ plan for hospitals in Britain. Like her friend, the public health reformer Edwin Chadwick, Florence Nightingale believed
25、that infection arose spontaneously in dirty and poorly ventilated places. This mistaken belief nevertheless led to improvements in hygiene and healthier living and working environments. Florence Nightingale also advised and supported William Rathbone in the development of district nursing in Liverpo
26、ol and many Nightingale trained nurses became pioneers in this field. Old Age Although Florence Nightingale was bedridden for many years, she campaigned tirelessly to improve health standards, publishing 200 hooks, reports and pamphlets. In recognition of her hard work Queen Victoria awarded Miss Ni
27、ghtingale the Royal Red Cross in 1883. In her old age she received many honors, including the Order of Merit (1907), becoming the first woman to receive it. Florence Nightingale died at home at the age of 90 on 13 August 1910 and, according to her wishes, she was buried at St Margarets, East Wellow,
28、 near her parents home, Embley Park in Hampshire. Florence Nightingales farsighted reforms have influenced the nature of modern health care and her writings continue to be a resource for nurses, health managers and planners. 2 The main idea of the passage is that how Nightingale combated the obstacl
29、es from her family and the society and finally become a nurse. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Florence Nightingale and her sister Parthenope were named after two citys name of Italy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 She believed that her attraction to nursing was Gods will, or a “calling“. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 T
30、he Crimean War is the beginning of her nursing career. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 It wasnt until the Battle of Inkerman that the doctors were forced to ask for help from Nightingale and her nurses. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Determined to pursue her professional life, Florence Nightingale was single all h
31、er life. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 During her entire life, Florence Nightingale devoted herself to pushing for reforms of British health care system and hospital sanitation methods. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 The greatest achievement made by Florence Nightingale was _. 10 One of Florence Nightingales bes
32、t known works is _. 11 Florence Nightingale was awarded _ by Queen Victoria in 1883. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation an
33、d the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） 7:25. （ B） 7:35. （ C） 7:45. （ D） 7:15. （ A） Librarian and student. （ B） Fellow professors. （ C） Fellow
34、 students. （ D） Professor and student. （ A） Customer and shop assistant. （ B） Taxi driver and passenger. （ C） A woman looking for a hotel and a passer-by. （ D） Caller and operator. （ A） She can do the job. （ B） Shes just switched off the light. （ C） Shes already replaced the switch. （ D） She will ca
35、ll an electrician. （ A） Because the dinner will be over in an hour. （ B） Because he is iii and waiting for an operation. （ C） Because he is attending his parents. （ D） Because he has an urgent patient to deal with. （ A） They are going to be on time. （ B） The woman should learn to slow down. （ C） The
36、 woman should slow down. （ D） They arent going to be on time. （ A） Hes never felt better in his life. （ B） Hes feeling sad about Tom. （ C） Hes still feeling sick. （ D） Hes feeling confused. （ A） The man likes both modern and classical art. （ B） The man likes neither modern nor classical art. （ C） Th
37、e man likes the modern art better. （ D） The man likes the classical art in a higher degree. （ A） A poet. （ B） A novel. （ C） The physics test. （ D） The oral presentation. （ A） To go out for exercise. （ B） To go out for shopping. （ C） To go to the library to borrow a book on William Carlos Williams. （
38、 D） To help the woman with her oral presentation. （ A） In the classroom. （ B） In the dinning hall. （ C） In the womans room. （ D） In the mans room. （ A） Doctor and patient. （ B） Professor and student. （ C） Receptionist and guest. （ D） Boss and worker. （ A） No-smoking, double bed and quiet. （ B） No-sm
39、oking, single bed and quiet. （ C） Smoking, single bed and quiet. （ D） Smoking, double bed and quiet. （ A） Because he is the friend of the manager in that hotel. （ B） Because he is the local officer. （ C） Because he is a local resident. （ D） Because he has just lost his job. （ A） 70 dollars. （ B） 49
40、dollars. （ C） 21 dollars. （ D） 12 dollars. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the
41、 four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because it easily causes fire. （ B） Because it will cause a lot of noises. （ C） Because it will make the floor dirty. （ D） Because children are frequently present there. （ A） The new regulations will be set to get into effect on January 1, 2006. （ B） The regu
42、lations were set up to supervise alcohol sellers. （ C） Those who dont obey the new regulations would be punished according to China Dailys report. （ D） According to Shanghai local governments regulation, selling cigarettes and alcohol to minors is banned. （ A） Peace. （ B） Trade. （ C） Health. （ D） We
43、alth. （ A） Over 150. （ B） Over 160. （ C） Over 120. （ D） Over 130. （ A） It does not make any contribution to the world peace. （ B） It should not exist any longer. （ C） It is the best organization toward peace. （ D） It has been successful as many hoped. （ A） More member countries. （ B） More weapons. （
44、 C） More armies. （ D） More money and more support. （ A） Life is not easy. （ B） Marriage often is not easy. （ C） Love often is not easy. （ D） Sometimes friendship between a man and a woman is not easy. （ A） Men and women like to argue. （ B） Men and women talk and think in different ways. （ C） Men and
45、 women are very similar. （ D） Men and women are likely to get angry. （ A） They usually play in small groups. （ B） All the boys like to give orders. （ C） They dont obey the orders. （ D） Boys usually have a leader and they like to brag. （ A） Girls usually play in large groups. （ B） Girls like to brag.
46、 （ C） Girls dont often give orders; they give suggestions. （ D） Girls say good things about themselves. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read
47、for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down t
48、he 36 HOLLYWOOD, the worlds factory for turning out hot movies, has discovered its next big thing: family films. The industry made its biggest【 B1】 _last year from G-(General audience, 普通级 ) and PG-rated (Parental Guidance suggested, (家长指导级 ) movies. In the next few years it plans to【 B2】 _the natio
49、ns screens with even more princesses,【 B3】 _, talking animals and bright school kids. Its not hard to see why. “Ice Age“, a computer-animated story about【 B4】 _between prehistoric animals, was【 B5】 _in March. It has earned more than US $ 140 million so far and is this years biggest surprise【 B6】 _. This follows several successful family films in 2001, when three of the top four 【 B7】_films(“Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone“, “Shrek“ and “Monsters, Inc. “)
