1、Designation: C1603 10Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Solids in Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthes
2、es indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the solidscontent in water for use as mixing water in ready-mixedconcrete and the measurement of its density.
3、Solids content isexpressed in terms of parts per million (ppm) or in terms ofpercent by mass of the water sample.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard; inch-pound units are shown in parenthesis for infor-mation only.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnot
4、esthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user o
5、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test
6、Methods for Construction MaterialsC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to determine the solids contentof mixing water used to produce concrete when one or more ofthe water sources is wash wat
7、er from concrete productionoperations or water that contains solids when batched asmixing water in concrete.3.2 The test method provides a means to determine therelationship between the density and solids content of water forcompliance with solids content limits of mixing water such asin Specificati
8、on C1602/C1602M.3.3 During production of concrete, the water property mea-sured is its density, which can then be used to estimate thesolids content from procedures described in this test method.3.4 To develop a correlation between the density and solidscontent of water, water samples should be test
9、ed that cover therange of solids concentrations anticipated during production.4. Apparatus4.1 Density Measure: A cylindrical container (Note 1) witha volume of 200 6 25 mL (7 6 1 fl. oz.) with a glass or hardplastic plate that is placed over it. The glass or plastic plateshall be at least 6 mm (14 i
10、n.) thick and 40 mm (112-in.) largerthan the outer diameter of the measure. The top of the densitymeasure shall be flat such that it does not leak when the plateis placed over it.NOTE 1Acommonly available smaller size mason jar with top groundsmooth is acceptable.4.2 The volume of the density measur
11、e shall be determinedto nearest 0.1 mL in accordance with procedures used forcalibrating air or density measures, as in Test Method C670.4.3 A microwave oven with at least 900 W of powercapacity.4.4 Amicrowave-safe glass dish large enough to contain thewater sample and fiberglass cloth (See Note 2).
12、NOTE 2A450 3 450 3 25 mm (9 3 9 3 1 in.) dish is acceptable.Fiberglass cloth commonly used with fiberglass resin for boat or auto bodyrepair is found in most hardware stores.4.5 A balance or scale with a minimum capacity of 2000 gaccurate to 0.1 g4.6 A rubber syringe5. Measurement of Density5.1 Obta
13、in the mass of the empty density measure and plateto the nearest 0.1g.5.2 If the water contains solids in suspension, ensure that thewater is sampled while the water source is being agitated. Takea representative sample of water and fill the density measure tooverflowing. Slide the cover plate over
14、the measure ensuringthat there are no air bubbles. Wipe the outside of the plate andmeasure dry and obtain the mass of the filled density measurecovered with the plate.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibilit
15、y of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C160305a. DOI:10.1520/C1603-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cus
16、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
17、n, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Calculate the density of the water sample to 0.001 g/mLDW5MWV(1)Where:DW= Density of the water, g/mL,MW= Net mass of water in the density measure, g, andV = Volume of the density measure, mL.6. Measurement of Solids Content6.1 Obtain the mass of the empty dish and
18、 a piece of fiberglass cloth about 500 mm (20 in.) square to the nearest 0.1 g.6.2 Keep the glass plate over the density measure and shakethe water suspension. Pour the water sample into the glass dish.Using the rubber syringe, wash solids adhered in the measureinto the dish using a minimum amount o
19、f water. Cover thewater with the fiberglass cloth to prevent loss of solids duringdrying.6.3 Place the dish in a microwave oven and heat it forapproximately 20 min or until the water has evaporated.Determine the mass of the dish and place it back in themicrowave oven for 2 min increments until the m
20、ass deter-mined in two subsequent determinations do not differ by morethan 0.5 g.6.4 Determine the mass of the dish and cloth with the driedsolids.6.5 Calculate the percent solids in terms of percent by massto the nearest 0.1 % and in ppm to the nearest 1000 ppm.SW,% 5MsMW3 100 (2)Sppm5 SW3 10 000 (
21、3)Where:Ms= Mass of dry solids,MW= Mass of water with solids,SW= Solids content in water, in percent, andSppm= Solids content in water, in ppm.6.6 Repeat these measurements for water with differentsolids content. Test water at 4 or more different levels of solidscontent.7. Relationship Between Densi
22、ty and Solids Content7.1 Establish a relationship using linear regression analysis(See Note 3) between the measured density and solids contentof water sample measurements for a range of solid concentra-tions that cover the anticipated range in the production facility.NOTE 3The linear regression anal
23、ysis can be performed using spread-sheet software.7.1.1 Express the relationship between the density of thewater and the solids content as follows, such that the measureddensity on a particular production day can be used to determinethe solids content of the water.Sppm5 A 1 B 3 DW(4)Where: A and B a
24、re regression constantsNOTE 4Eq 4 provides an approximate linear relationship betweensolids content and measured density. The relationship between solidscontent and density is non-linear (see Eq 5) and Eq 4 should not be usedto estimate the solids content of water outside the range of values used to
25、establish the relationship in Eq 4.NOTE 5During concrete production, a producer might choose tomonitor the density of a water source using a hydrometer. It is recom-mended that the density of the water using a hydrometer be determined onthe water at the time of this density measurement to obtain a r
26、elationship,if needed, or to calibrate the hydrometer. The water sample should beplaced in a transparent volumetric measuring flask. The hydrometermeasurement should be taken within 10 s after filling the water in theflask. This is to ensure that significant settlement of solids has not occurredbefo
27、re the measurement is taken as that will affect the measured density.7.2 When the relationship between density and solids con-tent is not determined by testing, calculate the solids content ofthe water in ppm from the measured density using thefollowing:Sppm5SDW2 1DS2 1D3DSDW3 1 000 000 (5)where:DS=
28、 Density of solids in the water, g/mL7.2.1 To measure the density of solids, use at least 50 g ofthe dried solids and measure the density in accordance withTest Method C188.7.2.2 When the density of solids in the water is unknown, anassumed value of 2.6 g/mL is adequate (See Note 6). Deter-mine the
29、solids content of the water in ppm from the measureddensity using the simplified form of Eq 5 as follows:Sppm5 1 625 000 3S11DWD(6)NOTE 6There are several conditions that will change the density ofsolids extracted from water from ready mixed concrete production withina relatively small range. For th
30、e purpose of establishing the relationshipbetween the density of water and the solids content, using an assumedvalue as indicated in 7.2.2 is adequate.NOTE 7Guidance for blending two sources of water with differentsolids content is provided in Appendix X1.8. Report8.1 For the water samples tested to
31、 establish the relationshipof water density to solids content, maintain a record of thedensity of water to the nearest 0.001 g/mL; and the solidscontent of the same water sample in ppm to the nearest 1000ppm or percent by mass of water to the nearest 0.1 %. Includethe dates of these tests and mainta
32、in a record of the regressionequation used to establish the relationship of water density tosolids content.8.2 For tests of water samples during production of concreteor to calibrate automated measuring devices, maintain a recordof water density tests to the nearest 0.001 g/mL or solidscontent to th
33、e nearest 1000 ppm. Include the date and time ofthese tests. Record the calculated solids content of the testedwater sample and the method (7.1 or 7.2) used to determine thesolids content.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionThe estimates of precision for this testmethod are based on results from tests
34、 on wash water sampleswith a range of solids content between 25 000 and 140 000C1603 102ppm. Four operators tested the same water samples in triplicatefor the density and in duplicate for solids content.9.1.1 Single Operator PrecisionThe single-operator stan-dard deviation (1s) is shown in Table 1 b
35、y average density andsolids content; therefore, results of two properly conductedtests on the same sample by the same operator are not expectedto differ by more than the d2s values listed in Table 1.9.1.2 Multi-Operator PrecisionThe multi-operator stan-dard deviation (1s) is shown in Table 1 by aver
36、age density andsolids content; therefore, results of two properly conductedtests on the same sample by two different operators are notexpected to differ by more than the d2s values listed in Table1.9.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material fordetermining the bias of the results from this
37、 test method, nostatement on bias is made.10. Keywords10.1 concrete mixing water; density; recycled water; solidsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. Determination of Blending Percentages of Combined WaterX1.1 Use the following relationships to determine themixing percentage (Note X1.1) of each of
38、two water sources tobe blended to ensure that the added mixing water to concrete isat a target limit of solids content or the respective targetdensity.X1.1.1 When the solids content of the two sources of wateris known and water is batched by mass or by volume, use EqX1.1:P15ST S2S1 S23 100 (X1.1)X1.
39、1.2 When the density of the two sources of water isknown, use Eq X1.2 when water is batched by mass and EqX1.3 when water is batched by volume:P15DT D2D1 D23D1DT3 100 (X1.2)P15DT D2D1 D23 100 (X1.3)Where:P1= Percentage of water from source 1 in theblended mixing water,STand DT= Target solids content
40、 in ppm and density ing/mL of the blended mixing water,S1and D1= Solids content in ppm and density in g/mL ofthe water from source 1, andTABLE 1 Table PrecisionStandardDeviation (1s)AAcceptable Range ofTwo Results (d2s)ASingle Operator PrecisionDensity, g/mL1.016 0.0005 0.00151.033 0.0010 0.00301.05
41、2 0.0017 0.00471.101 0.0014 0.0039Solids Content, ppm22,300 740 2,10046,600 970 2,70071,500 600 1,700134,500 2,300 6,300Multi-Operator PrecisionDensity, g/mL1.016 0.0009 0.00261.033 0.0018 0.00501.052 0.0025 0.00691.101 0.0020 0.0056Solids Content, ppm22,300 1,080 3,00046,600 1,110 3,10071,500 2,250
42、 6,300134,500 2,530 7,100AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as describedin Practice C670.C1603 103S2and D2= Solids content in ppm and density in g/mL ofthe water from source 2.NOTE X1.1The target solids content may be a limit established in aspecification or one that t
43、he quality control function of the ready mixedconcrete producer establishes. The solids content, typically dissolved, ofmunicipal water may be considered to be 0 ppm and the density may beconsidered to be 1.0 g/mL, to simplify this calculation.X1.2 When wash water from concrete production is used at
44、a higher percentage of solids content, there will be necessarycorrections in the quantity of mixing water and the volume ofsolids to account for the solids content in the total mixingwater.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this test method since the l
45、ast issue,C160305a, that may impact the use of this test method. (Approved December 1, 2010)(1) Added new 7.2.1 to reference Test Method C188 formeasuring density of solids and renumbered subsequent sub-sections.(2) Added new Note 6 and renumbered subsequent notes.ASTM International takes no positio
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47、This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM I
48、nternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address sho
49、wn below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1603 104
