1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 400及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Campaign Speech in support of your election to the post of Chairman of the Student Union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1你认为自己具备哪些条件 (如能力、性格、
2、爱好等 )可以胜任学生会主席的工作。 2如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees
3、with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Sharks Sharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed. They live in wat
4、ers all over the world, in every ocean, and even in some rivers and lakes. Sharks and bony fish Unlike bony fish, sharks have no bones; their skeleton is made of cartilage (软骨 ), which is a tough, fibrous substance, not nearly as hard as bone. Cartilage, a strong fibrous (纤维的 ) substance, is softer
5、than bone; our nose and ears are made of cartilage. Sharks also have no swim bladder (unlike bony fish). Size There are many different species of sharks that range in size from the size of a persons hand to bigger than a bus. The Whale shark is the largest fish in the world; the basking shark is the
6、 second largest fish. Fully-grown sharks range in size from 7 inches long (the Spined Pygmy shark), up to 50 feet long. Most sharks are intermediate in size, and are about the same size as people, 5-7 feet long. Half of the shark species are under 39 inches long. Variety of sharks There are about 36
7、8 different species of sharks, which are divided into 30 families. These different families of sharks are very different in the way look, live, and eat. They have different shapes, sizes, color, fins, teeth, habitat, diet, personality, method of reproduction, and other attributes. Some types of shar
8、k are very. rare and some are quite common. The spiny dogfish shark is the most common shark. Body shapes Sharks have a variety of body shapes. Most sharks have streamlined (流线型的 ), Some sharks have an elongated body shape (e. g., cookiecutter sharks and wobbegongs). Sawsharks have elongated snouts,
9、 thresher sharks have a tremendously elongated upper tail fin which they use to stun prey, and hammerheads have extraordinarily wide heads. The goblin shark has a large, pointed protuberance (突出 ) on its head; its purpose is unknown. Teeth The teeth of sharks are also striking. Sharks may have up to
10、 3,000 teeth at one time. Most sharks do not chew their food, but swallow it down whole or in large pieces. The teeth are arranged in rows; when one tooth is damaged or lost, it is replaced by another. Most sharks have about 5 rows of teeth at any time. The front set is the largest and does most of
11、the wok. Diet Sharks vary greatly in their diets, but they are all carnivores (食肉动物 ). Some eat fish, other sharks, and marine mammals; some eat shellfish from the ocean floor; and others eat tiny bits of plankton (浮游动物 ) and small animals from the water as they swim with open mouths. They eat huge
12、amounts of these tiny animals and plants. Sharks attacks When some sharks (like the Great White or the Gray Reef shark) turn aggressive prior to an attack, they arch their back and throw back their head. They also move their tail more acutely (probably in preparation for a chase). Sharks do not norm
13、ally attack people, and only about 25 species of sharks are known to attack people. Sharks attack fewer than 100 people each year. Many more people are killed by bees or lightning. The sharks that are the most dangerous to people are the great white shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the oc
14、eanic white tip shark. The bull shark is the most frequent attacker of people as it swims in very shallow waters where people swim and is a very plentiful shark. Some of the other sharks that are known to have attacked people include the gray shark, blue shark, hammerhead shark, mako shark, nurse sh
15、ark, lemon shark, blacktip reef shark, wobbegongs, sandtiger, spitting sharks, and the porbeagle. Some people believe that sharks mistake people (especially people swimming on surf boards) for seals and sea lions, some of their favorite foods. Occasionally, a group of sharks will attack a food sourc
16、e (for example, a school of fish) in a maniacal fashion. They will wildly attack the food and anything in the area, even each other, sometimes wounding or eating fellow sharks. Habitat Sharks live in oceans and seas all over the world, and even in some rivers and lakes, especially in warmer waters.
17、Some sharks live near the surface, some live deep in the water, and others live on or near the ocean floor. Pelagic (远洋的 ) sharks (living in the open ocean) include the great white shark, the basking shark, etc. Benthic sharks (living at the ocean floor) include the zebra horn shark, the wohhegongs,
18、 and the angelshark, which usually have flattened, camouflaged (伪装的 ) bodies that let them hide in the sea bed. Some sharks even venture many miles up into the fresh water of rivers like the Mississippi in the USA and the Arhazon in Brazil. The bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) sometimes ventures int
19、o fresh water. Migration of sharks Some sharks live in relatively warm waters (hammerheads, bull sharks, and tiger sharks). Other sharks, such as the thresher, mako, basking and blue shark, live in temperate water (which is neither hot nor cold). Others, including the dogfish, Greenland, and goblin,
20、 live in cool waters. Some sharks stay in the same region in their entire lives While others travel across oceans. There are three different types of sharks when it comes to migratory (迁移的 ) patterns: local sharks, coastal pelagic sharks, and highly pelagic sharks. Local sharks do not migrate, and r
21、ange only about a hundred miles from their habitat, coastal pelagic sharks can migrate over 1,000 miles, while highly pelagic sharks migrate across oceans. Evolution of sharks Sharks have existed for over 350 million years. They evolved over 100 million years before the dinosaurs did. This was long
22、before people evolved. Most fossil evidence of early sharks is from fossilized teeth and a few skin impressions. Cladodonts, primitive sharks, had double-pointed teeth, were up to 6 feet long lived about 360 million years ago; they ate fish and crustaceans (甲壳类 ). Megalodon was an ancient, meat-eati
23、ng shark, living between 25-1.6 million years ago; it is extinct. It was over 40 feet long, but this is only an estimate from fossil teeth that have been found. Its teeth resemble those of the great white shark but are almost 3 times larger; these teeth are each the size of a persons hand! 2 What is
24、 the main idea of the passage? （ A） The passage tells us the habitat and migration of sharks. （ B） The passage tells us why sharks are dangerous to people. （ C） The passage introduces the evolutional process of sharks. （ D） The passage introduces the basic information about sharks. 3 Different from
25、most fish, sharks body is upheld by _. （ A） bones （ B） cartilage （ C） fiber （ D） skeleton 4 Which of the following description about the size of sharks is TRUE? （ A） Most sharks are about the same size as human beings. （ B） Sharks are the largest fish, most of them are bigger than buses. （ C） Most s
26、harks are much longer than human beings. （ D） Sharks are big animals, most of them are about 50 feet long. 5 Which of he following sharks is the most common shark? （ A） The whale shark. （ B） The spiny dogfish shark. （ C） The basking shark. （ D） The great white shark. 6 Sharks eat their food by _? （
27、A） Sucking （ B） swallowing （ C） grinding （ D） chewing 7 When sharks quickly move their tail, they probably become _. （ A） offensive （ B） indifferent （ C） interested （ D） friendly 8 Why may the bull sharks attack people frequently? （ A） Because human being is their favorite food. （ B） Because they ma
28、y wildly attack anything in the area. （ C） Because they swims in shallow waters where people swim. （ D） Because they are very aggressive sharks. 9 The sharks that move about in a fixed area about a hundred miles are called _. 10 The earliest dinosaurs lived in the time that was about _ years from to
29、day according to the passage. 11 Cladodonts and primitive sharks, which had double-pointed teeth mainly feed on _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was
30、said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man hates to lend his tools to other people. （ B） The man hasnt fini
31、shed working on the bookshelf. （ C） The tools have already been returned to the woman. （ D） The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing. （ A） Save time by using a computer. （ B） Buy her own computer. （ C） Borrow Marthas computer. （ D） Stay home and complete her paper. （ A） He has been to S
32、eattle many times. （ B） He has chaired a lot of conferences. （ C） He holds a high position in his company. （ D） He lived in Seattle for many years. （ A） Teacher and student. （ B） Doctor and patient. （ C） Manager and office worker. （ D） Travel agent and customer. （ A） She knows the guy who will give
33、the lecture. （ B） She thinks the lecture might be informative. （ C） She wants to add something to her lecture. （ D） Shell finish her report this weekend. （ A） An art museum. （ B） A beautiful park. （ C） A college campus. （ D） An architectural exhibition. （ A） The houses for sale are of poor quality.
34、（ B） The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy. （ C） The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers. （ D） The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale. （ A） Talking about sports. （ B） Writing up local news. （ C） Reading newspapers. （ D） Putting up advertisement
35、s. （ A） He gets ill at the same time every year. （ B） He doesnt get enough exercise. （ C） He often has difficulty sleeping. （ D） Hes sick with influenza throughout the winter. （ A） To find out if he has the flu. （ B） To find out how to maintain a nutritious diet. （ C） To find out how to prevent illn
36、ess. （ D） To find out the results of a blood test. （ A） Hes unwilling to be immunized. （ B） He is exposed to viruses in the crowd （ C） He forgets to take his medicine. （ D） He doesnt dress warmly enough. （ A） For several months. （ B） For seven years. （ C） For a year or two. （ D） For several years. （
37、 A） He likes to do things with his own hands. （ B） He wants to make things easier for Paul. （ C） His house was in a very bad shape when he bought it. （ D） He wants to save money. （ A） He has some mental diseases. （ B） He is physically handicapped. （ C） He works at home. （ D） He cant move about witho
38、ut his wheelchair. （ A） To build an extension to the house. （ B） To put a device on Pauls wheelchair. （ C） To start a business on house alterations for disabled people. （ D） To redesign the kitchen. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, yo
39、u will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Compare the mental health of college students to that of non-students of the same age. （ B） Make a ques
40、tionnaire among the college students. （ C） Do physical experiments on the mental health of the students. （ D） Pick out the sample and make the investigation. （ A） Drug-use disorder. （ B） Nicotine dependence. （ C） Using tobacco. （ D） Alcohol disorder. （ A） Because they are lack of education. （ B） Bec
41、ause their parents are not strict with them. （ C） Because they meet the pressures of entering adulthood. （ D） Because they are encouraged to abuse the alcohol. （ A） The mental disorder is very serious. （ B） Many people are not as serious as theyve been told. （ C） The symptoms are easy to be defined.
42、 （ D） More and more people are caught by the psychological disorder. （ A） It has invented a new medicine. （ B） It has provided a new guideline of prevention. （ C） It has arranged the treatment for the women. （ D） It distributed the medicines among women. （ A） They may have a talk with the doctor. （
43、B） They may check the symptoms against the guideline. （ C） They may have a physical examination in the hospital. （ D） They may answer the questions in the Web site of the association. （ A） It helps students explore their hobbies. （ B） It provides students with opportunities to do field practice. （ C
44、） It offers position to students in her company. （ D） It aims to help students plan the year they take off. （ A） He was the owner of a tavern. （ B） He was just a schoolboy. （ C） He paid his fathers debts. （ D） The author didnt mention. （ A） Because he wanted to avoid his fathers punishment. （ B） Bec
45、ause he hated to go to school. （ C） Because he wanted to escape from the boy he fought with. （ D） Because he wanted to gain his independence. （ A） He worked a number of unskilled jobs. （ B） He hunted wild animals. （ C） He sold guns to earn money. （ D） He worked for his father. Section C Directions:
46、In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. F
47、or blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Snow is a subject of great interest to weather experts. Experts sometimes have difficulty in【 B1】 _where, when or how mu
48、ch snow will fall. One reason is that heavy amounts of snow fall in【 B2】 _small areas. Another reason is that a small change in temperature can mean the difference between snow and rain. Snow is a form of【 B3】_water. It contains many groups of【 B4】 _ice particles called snow crystals. These crystals
49、 grow from water particles in cold clouds. They usually grow around a piece of【 B5】_. All snow crystals have six sides, but they grow in different shapes. It【 B6】 _mainly on the temperature and water levels in the air snow crystals grow in one of two【 B7】_-platelike and columnar. Platelike crystals are【 B8】 _They form when the air temperature is about fifteen degrees below zero Celsius. Columnar snow crystals look like sticks of ice. They form when the temperature is
