1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 458及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter to your American friend Lawrence, to introduce Spring Festival in China and invite him to join you to spend this Spring Festival. Suppose you are Yuan Chao. You should write at least
2、 120 words following the suggestions given below in Chinese: 1. 表达你对 Lawrence 的想念之情； 2. 介绍中国的春节； 3. 邀请 Lawrence和你们一起过春节。 A Letter to Lawrence September 23, 2005 Dear Lawrence, Yours, Yuan Chao 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will ha
3、ve 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if t
4、he information is not given in the passage. 1 Managerial Functions Managerial work typically is broken into the following seven managerial functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling, representing, and innovating. The two-way arrows between these functions in Figure D-1 show th
5、at these functions interact with each other. Figure D-1 also shows that decision making and communication are the coordinative processes that tie these functions together. Managers must be skilled in these coordinative processes and functions if they are to accomplish their goals through the efforts
6、 of other people. Planning The process of establishing and clarifying objectives, determining the policies and procedures necessary to meet the objectives, and preparing a plan of action is called planning. An objective is what one wants to accomplish. One way for a manager to identify areas in whic
7、h a company should establish objectives is to consider the relationships and resources that are necessary to its survival and success. This will lead to objectives concerning the type and quality of goods produced and the desired relationship of the company to its customers, suppliers, employees, st
8、ockholders, and the surrounding community. Figure D-1 Management Functions and Coordination Processes Organizing Once objectives and policies are established, the manager must determine the activities necessary to achieve the objectives and provide for the coordination of authority relationships amo
9、ng the persons who will be performing these activities. If a firm is running smoothly, it may seem to an outsider that the whole process is relatively simple. Goods are shipped on time because they have been made and stored in advance of receiving an order and because the proper packaging and transp
10、ortation facilities are available when needed. Actually this smooth flow could not have been accomplished without an efficient organization operating under competent managerial supervision. The specific elements of the organizing function of management were covered in the previous chapter. Staffing
11、In the staffing function the manager attempts to recruit, hire, train, and develop the right person for each job. This is an ongoing managerial activity since people quit, are promoted, are transferred, are discharged, or retire. In the case of a growing company, new positions are created that must
12、be filled. Staffing is not solely the responsibility of the human resources department. Effective staffing requires that managers observe their subordinates performance, noting strengthes and seeking to remove weaknesses by careful counseling and training programs. Because the staffing function cove
13、rs a multitude of activities that are increasingly being constrained by legislation, the next chapter will deal with this subject more extensively. Directing When one thinks of management in general, one may think almost instinctively of the three basic elements of the directing function: leadership
14、, motivation, and communication. This is quite understandable since directing involves the ability to guide and motivate subordinates to achieve the objectives of the enterprise while at the same time building an enduring relationship between the subordinates and the enterprise. A relationship of th
15、is sort is based on the recognition that subordinates have goals that must be satisfied to some degree if they are to contribute effectively to the activity over time. The three elements of directing-leadership, motivation, and communication-are discussed later in the chapter. Controlling The manage
16、rial function that measures current performance against expected results and takes the necessary action to reach the goals is called controlling. Specifically, the control process consists of four steps: 1. Deciding what should be accomplished or what will constitute good performance. 2. Measuring c
17、urrent actual performance in quantitative terms if possible. 3. Comparing current performance with standards of expected performance. 4. Taking corrective action, if needed, so as to achieve or exceed the desired results in the future. Innovating The story goes that Henry Ford once hired an efficien
18、cy expert to evaluate his company. After a few weeks, the expert made his report. It was highly favorable except for one thing. “Its that man down the hall,“ said the expert. “Every time I go by his office hes just sitting there with his feet on the desk. Hes wasting your money.“ “That man,“ replied
19、 Mr. Ford, “once had an idea that saved us millions of dollars. At that time, I believe his feet were planted right where they are now!“ Alert managers realize that their companies cannot stand still. Remaining ahead of competition requires corporate leadership dedicated to the principle that innova
20、tion and risk-taking are the lifeblood of the company. Smart companies know that money alone does not produce innovation; Most successful programs begin with an individual and succeed in a management climate that encourages creative thinking, risk-taking, and initiative. Thus, the innovating functio
21、n is based on two elements: the companys innovative climate and the individual innovator. Representing Civil affairs ,politics, governmental, dealings, and other “outside ”obligation have come co consume a huge amount of executive time at the top level of American businesses. Some CEOs (Chief Execut
22、ive Officers) resent participation in these activities, which they feel take up the time they should be giving to the internal affairs of their companies. But most top-level managers increasingly recognize the importance of the representing function that brings them into contact with the world outsi
23、de the company, participation in representing activities gives them an opportunity to explain the ways of business to the public, helps them to manage crises, and allows them to develop anticipative management. 2 If managers are to achieve their goals through the efforts of other people , they must
24、be skilled in seven managerial functions discussed in the passage. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 A managers consideration of the relationships and resources is essential to a companys survival and success. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Once objectives and policies are established, the manager just let other peo
25、ple perform the activities necessary for achieving the goal without doing anything else himself. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 According to the passage , staffing is only the responsibility of the human resources department. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Leadership, motivation, and communication are three basic
26、 elements involved in directing. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The innovative function is based on whether the company has much money and good relationships among people. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 According to the passage, if a company is to remain ahead of competitive, governmental support is required. （ A
27、） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Specifically, the control process is made up of _ steps. 10 According to the passage, _ contribute to most successful programs in smart companies. 11 Most top-level managers increasingly recognize that participation in _ gives them an opportunity to explain the ways of business
28、to the public and helps them to manage crises. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only on
29、ce. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） An officer. （ B） A tourist guide. （ C） A customer. （ D） A student. （ A） He had much trouble with his pronunciation. （ B） He began studying E
30、nglish too early. （ C） No one can understand him. （ D） He knew nothing about English. （ A） She thinks the exam is difficult. （ B） She thinks the man should take the examination. （ C） She wants to take the exam. （ D） She will take the English exam next summer. （ A） To go to the party. （ B） To depend
31、on him. （ C） To pick up the soda. （ D） To keep a promise. （ A） Because she didnt turn off the light. （ B） Because she wanted to get some sleep. （ C） Because she turned off the second light. （ D） Because tomorrow would be a big day. （ A） To see a film. （ B） To read. （ C） To have a review. （ D） To pla
32、y in the house. （ A） Its a bad suggestion, so she cant force herself to do it. （ B） Its a good suggestion, but its hard to do. （ C） Its not the same as what a lot of people told her. （ D） Its nonsense. （ A） The man will help the woman. （ B） The man will not help the woman. （ C） The man is afraid of
33、the refrigerator. （ D） The man likes the refrigerator. （ A） To make a reservation. （ B） To check a reservation. （ C） To cancel a reservation. （ D） To change a reservation. （ A） Problems with aircraft. （ B） Problems with computers. （ C） Too many passengers. （ D） Too few pilots and passengers. （ A） By
34、 calling her back. （ B） By making her reservation. （ C） By rewriting her ticket. （ D） By meeting her at the airport. （ A） Dogs are social animals. （ B） Dogs are wild animals. （ C） Dogs can bite their owners. （ D） Dogs can obey to their owners if properly trained. （ A） Obedience training would teach
35、the dog to perform clever tricks. （ B） Obedience training would be the foundation for solving any behavior problem. （ C） Obedience training would solve all behavior problems of the dog. （ D） Obedience training would enable the dog to gain its food. （ A） Effective communication is essential to solve
36、the dogs behavior problems. （ B） Effective communication is a good way to teach the dog new tricks. （ C） Effective communication is the foundation for dogs to perform tasks. （ D） Effective communication is an extreme measure in obedience training. （ A） A cabinet. （ B） A refrigerator. （ C） A light. （
37、 D） A shelf. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C a
38、nd D. （ A） His wife wanted to see her school date. （ B） He wanted to have a little walk to exercise his legs. （ C） His car was running out of gas. （ D） His car was running slowly. （ A） The worker and his wife were talking in a friendly way. （ B） The worker was getting into his car. （ C） The worker s
39、topped talking. （ D） The worker and his wife were having a lively conversation. （ A） His wifes high school date. （ B） His wifes classmate. （ C） The former chief executive officer. （ D） The future chief executive officer. （ A） A joke played on the April Fools Day. （ B） A harmless joke intended to tri
40、ck people. （ C） An American joke. （ D） A joke in college newspapers. （ A） A Russian submarine appeared near the campus. （ B） A park would be used to park cars. （ C） A new park would be built on the campus. （ D） A Russian jet fighter was seen. （ A） He described it in a realistic way. （ B） He was very
41、 imaginative. （ C） His tone was calm. （ D） He never told jokes. （ A） The noise of a plane. （ B） The noise of a car crash. （ C） The noise of the crowd. （ D） A loud explosion. （ A） To search for the victims. （ B） To direct the traffic. （ C） To clear away the bricks. （ D） To fix the gas pipe. （ A） A le
42、aking gas pipe. （ B） A house fire. （ C） A terrorist attack. （ D） A bomb. （ A） Most victims were rescued successfully. （ B） The explosion caused the traffic jam in the street. （ C） The ambulance men failed to save the victim under the bricks. （ D） The company of the gas pipes was not blamed for the a
43、ccident. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exa
44、ct words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Traditionally, the British Royal Family does not get【 B1】 _in politics. Its role is seen
45、as【 B2】 _and its members are expected to avoid【 B3】 _ It therefore came as something of a surprise when Diana, the Princess of Wales【 B4】_, on a trip to Angola last January, that she had【 B5】 _to the country to support the Red Crosss【 B6】 _for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines, it was well
46、-known that the Princess had been trying to find a new role for herself since her【 B7】 _from the Prince of Wales. But few observers expected her to take sides on a【 B8】 _political issue like the banning of landmines. Yet within hours of arriving in Angola,【 B9】 _. The Princess used every opportunity
47、 during her visit to repeat this message: “We must stop landmines.“ To the international public her words make perfect sense. 【 B10】 _. The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms. For the Princess, the trip .to this war-tom country on Africas southwest coast was an excellent opportunity
48、 to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause.【 B11】 _- something she wasnt able to do properly as the wife of the Princess of Wales. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Direc
49、tions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 The fridge is considered a neces
