1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 486及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about Cross-Campus Selective Courses. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 上图所示为 2002年和 2005年某高校学生跨校选修课的情况，请描述其变化 2. 请说明发生变化的原因 3. 你认为目前高校
2、学生跨校选修课还有哪些困难和问题 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information
3、 given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 You Are What You Think Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Do you keep your eye upon the dough-nut (油炸圈饼 ),
4、not upon the hole? Suddenly these cliches (陈词滥调 ) are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. A fast-growing body of research-104 studies so far, involving some 15,000 people-is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. P
5、essimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If we could teach people to think more positively,“ says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University in Houston, “it would be like inoculating (接种 ) them against th
6、ese mental ills.“ 1. Influence on their abilities “Your abilities count,“ explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier of Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, “but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will.“ In part, thats because optimists and pessimists deal with the same ch
7、allenges and disappointments in very different ways. Take, for example, your job. In a major study, psychologist Martin E.P. Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania and colleague Peter Schulman surveyed sales representatives at the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. They found that the positive thin
8、kers among long-time representatives, sold 37 percent more insurance than did the negative thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20 percent more. Impressed, the company hired 100 people who had failed the standard industry test but had scored high on optimism. These people who mig
9、ht never have been hired, sold 10 percent more insurance than did the average representatives. How did they do it? The secret to an optimists success, according to Seligman, is in his “explanatory style“. When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself. “Im no good at this,“ he says, “I al
10、ways fail.“ The optimist looks for other explanations. He blames the weather, the phone connection, even the other person. That customer was in a bad mood, he thinks. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist thinks success is due to luck. Negative or positive, it was a sel
11、f-fulfilling prophecy (预言能力 ). “If people feel hopeless,“ says Anderson, “they dont bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed.“ A sense of control, according to Anderson, is the real test for success. The optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly,
12、looking for solutions, forming a new plan of action, and reaching out for advice. The pessimist feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly. He doesnt seek advice, since he assumes nothing can be done. 2. Influence on their health Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justify-and so
13、metimes thats what keeps them from getting sick. In a long-term study, researchers examined the health histories of a group of Harvard graduates, all of whom were in the top half of their class and in fine physical conditions. Yet some were positive thinkers, and some negative. 20 years later, there
14、 were more middle-age diseases among the pessimists than the optimists. Many studies suggest that the pessimists feeling of helplessness undermines the bodys natural defenses, the immune system. Dr. Christopher Peterson of the University of Michigan has found that the pessimist doesnt take good care
15、 of himself. Feeling passive and unable to avoid lifes blows, he expects ill health and other misfortunes, no matter what he does. He eats unhealthy food, avoids exercise, ignores the doctor, has another drink. 3. What underlines pessimism and optimism? Most people arc a mix of optimism and pessimis
16、m, but are inclined in one direction or the other. It is a pattern of thinking learned from early childhood, says Seligman. It grows out of thousands of cautions or encouragement, negative statements or positive ones. Too many “donts“ and warnings of danger can make a child feel incompetent, fearful
17、-and pessimistic. As they grow, children experience small triumphs, such as learning to tie shoelaces (鞋带 ). Parents can help turn these successes into a sense of control, and that breeds optimism. 4. Changing from a pessimist to-an optimist Pessimism is a hard habit to break-but it can be done. In
18、a series of studies, Dr. Carol Dweek of the University of Illinois has been working with children in the early grades of school. As she helps students to change the explanations for their failures-from “I must be dumb“ to “I didnt study hard enough“, their academic performance improves. So, if youre
19、 a pessimist, theres reason for optimism. You can change. Heres how, says Steve Hollon, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University: 1. Pay careful attention to your thoughts when bad things happen. Write down the first thing that comes to mind, without any changes or corrections. 2. Now try an experime
20、nt. Do something thats contrary to any negative reactions. Lets say something has gone wrong at work. Do you think, I hate my job, but I could never get a better one? Act as if that werent so. Send out resumes. Go to interviews. Look into training and check job information. 3. Keep track of what hap
21、pens. Were your first thoughts right or wrong? “If your thoughts are holding you back, change them,“ says Hollon. “Its trial and error, no guarantees, but give yourself a chance.“ Positive thinking leads to positive action-and reaction. What you expect from the world, the evidence suggests, is what
22、youre likely to get. 2 The passage summarizes the positive effects of optimism. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Optimists and pessimists differ in their focus when they look at the same thing. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Optimists do not blame themselves when things go wrong. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Pessimism w
23、eakens mental ability as well as physical health. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Most people are half optimists and half pessimists. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Parents play very important roles in the shaping of childrens characters. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Every pessimist can overcome pessimism. （ A） Y （ B）
24、N （ C） NG 9 According to Seligman, the secret to an optimists success is in_. 10 Anderson believes that the real test for success is a_. 11 If you want to change yourself from a pessimist into an optimist, the first thing you should do is _ to your thoughts when bad things happen. Section A Directio
25、ns: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,
26、you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） They are very rewarding. （ B） They are too time-consuming. （ C） They are not helpful at all. （ D） They are too troublesome. （ A） On holiday. （ B） On business. （ C） The great lakes. （ D） In the office. （ A）
27、 The figures are not as accurate as she expects. （ B） The sales of the year are satisfactory. （ C） The figures are probably not accurate. （ D） The sales of the year are unsatisfactory. （ A） In April. （ B） In May. （ C） In July. （ D） Not decided yet. （ A） The loss of the store. （ B） The possible harm
28、to the people nearby. （ C） The punishment to the crazy man. （ D） The reason for the crazy action. （ A） She is going to give up biology. （ B） She spends half of her time on biology. （ C） To her, biology is difficult, but math is not. （ D） To her, math is even more difficult than biology. （ A） It rain
29、ed for a short while. （ B） There was a car accident. （ C） There was a fire. （ D） It snowed heavily. （ A） Bill is a punctual person. （ B） Bill will come on time tonight. （ C） Bill will be late as usual. （ D） Bill wont come at all. （ A） Ways to determine the age of a fossil. （ B） The identity of a fos
30、sil the woman found. （ C） A comparison of two shellfish fossils. （ D） Plans for a field trip to look for fossils. （ A） He has never seen a fossil that old. （ B） It could be many millions of years old. （ C） It is probably a recent specimen. （ D） He will ask the lab how old it is. （ A） Take it to clas
31、s. （ B） Put it in her collection. （ C） Take it to the lab. （ D） Leave it with her professor. （ A） To convince him to go on a canoe trip. （ B） To invite him to a cookout. （ C） To ask if she can borrow his ear. （ D） To tell him about a trip she took. （ A） A lunch. （ B） A sleeping bag. （ C） A canoe. （
32、D） A tent. （ A） Swimming. （ B） Driving. （ C） Sleeping outdoors. （ D） Canoeing. （ A） To find out whether he wants to go canoeing. （ B） To tell him whether her car is repaired. （ C） To find out what kind of food he is bringing. （ D） To tell him what time they are leaving. Section B Directions: In this
33、 section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because it isnt closed. （ B） Be
34、cause the students have to pass all examinations before entering it. （ C） Because there is no examination before they are accepted as students. （ D） Because its door is open. （ A） At the airport, （ B） By plane, （ C） Taking the air. （ D） On radio and TV. （ A） Four. （ B） Eight. （ C） Three. （ D） Five.
35、（ A） In four or five years. （ B） In one year. （ C） In three or four years. （ D） In 36 weeks. （ A） A new way to take notes. （ B） A short name for survey reading method. （ C） The five steps in the reading process. （ D） Different ways to study for examinations. （ A） That one should think about the idea
36、s while reading the words. （ B） That one should always take notes. （ C） That one should read only the title and important words. （ D） That one should read sequences of words. （ A） Given by the local government. （ B） Born by a large number of bitches. （ C） Bought from different cities and villages. （
37、 D） Captured over grassland. （ A） 11-week course for control duty. （ B） 11-week course for patrol duty. （ C） 9-week course for control duty. （ D） 9-week course for patrol duty. （ A） Catching runaway criminals. （ B） Scratching the hidden bombs. （ C） Patrolling the dangerous town. （ D） Drug-sniffing o
38、r bomb-sniffing （ A） Gold was discovered. （ B） The transcontinental railroad was completed. （ C） The Golden Gate Bridge was constructed. （ D） Telegraph communications were established with the East Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read f
39、or the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing informa
40、tion. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with me,【 B1】_from the airport to tell me that he had arrived. I was still at the office at the time, but I had made【 B2】 _for his arrival. Afte
41、r explaining where my new flat was, I told him that I had left the key under a piece of stone near the door. As I was likely to be at home rather late, I advised him to go into the【 B3】 _and help himself to food and drink. Two hours later, my friend telephoned me from the flat. At the moment, he sai
42、d, he was listening to some of my【 B4】 _after having just had a truly【 B5】_meal. He had found a pan on the gas【 B6】 _and fried two eggs and had helped himself to some cold chicken from the【 B7】 _. Now be said, he was drinking a glass of orange【 B8】 _and he hoped I would join him.【 B9】 _, he answered
43、 that he had not been able to find the key under the piece of stone,【 B10】_I listened to all this in astonishment.【 B11】 _ 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Y
44、ou are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line
45、 through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 47 They may be livid(愤怒 )with their leaders, pained by their place in the world and【 S1】 _of the future, but at least the French are still happy【 S2】 _to hum. An opinion【 S3】 _just published found 83% of the adult popu
46、lation sings or hums to itself “often or very often“. The poll found women slightly more【 S4】_to hum than men. The parents of young children are the most likely【 S5】_group to make with a melody, while hardly a note will trouble the vocal cords of single Frenchmen over 65.【 S6】 _, for some reason, if
47、 they are farmers. Where exactly do they warble(以柔和的颤音唱 )?【 S7】 _their longstanding love affair with the automobile, 19% of the French love to let rip in the ear, and just 13% in the bath. Parisians are more likely to sing sweetly to themselves than【 S8】 _types, apartment living encouraging the exer
48、cise. Some 74% of the French say music is the art form they could least do without, a long way ahead of【 S9】 _, cinema, painting, dance and theatre. Musical taste also depends upon political persuasion. Frances conscientious(尽责的 )and ever-【 S10】 _far left are by some way the most musical: fully 90%
49、say they sing daily. A social I likely B poll J clap C Given K optimistic D Particularly L classic E literature M humorous F rural N objective G role O fearful H enough 48 【 S1】 49 【 S2】 50 【 S3】 51 【 S4】 52 【 S5】 53 【 S6】 54 【 S7】 55 【 S8】 56 【 S9】 57 【 S10】 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each
