1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 519及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the top ic whether Schools Will Be Replaced by Computers. You should write no more than 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below. 1. 有人认为学校会
2、被电脑取代； 2. 也有人持不同意见； 3. 结合自己的经历，谈谈你对这个问题的认识。 Whether Schools Will Be Replaced by Computers 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For ques
3、tions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 JOBS A person planning for a career today must look caref
4、ully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market. Affecting the economy are changes in the size, age, and distribution of the population, as well as developments in technology. These changes also affect employment opportunities. For example, an aging population has increased th
5、e need for medical care and other health services. Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations. By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing these changes, a person can forecast, or predict, future trends in employment.
6、 A New Labor Force The United States labor force-the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992. By the year 2005, the labor force is expected to reach 151 million, an increase of 19%. This increase represents a slight slowdown
7、 in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13-year period, 1979- 1992. The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States. The U. S. labor force will become more diverse by 2005, White non-Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proporti
8、on of the labor force than in 1992, while women and minority group members will make up a larger share, Between 1992 and 2005, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other ethnic(种族的 ) groups will account for roughly 35% of all people entering the work force. In addition, women will continue to join the lab
9、or force in growing numbers. In 1979, women made up 42% of the labor force. By 2005, their share is expected to be 48%. The age make-up of the U. S. population will change from 1992 to 2005. There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle-aged and older
10、 people. The decline in the proportion of Children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s. The large increase in the middle-aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation-people born between 1946 and 1964. The rapid growth of the older population reflects
11、 both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer. The changing age make-up of the U. S. population will directly affect tomorrows work force, Young people age 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of
12、the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992. However, the percentage of workers age 25 to 34 will decline dramatically, from 28% to 21%. The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force, but their share will decline slightly. The most striking change will be a large increase i
13、n the percentage of workers between the ages of 45 and 54. These workers will account for 24% of the labor force in 2005, up from 18% in 1992. Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger workers. Thus, employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experien
14、ced applicants, people seeking jobs, in coming years. Education: A Prerequisite(先决条件 ) for Employment The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years. In 1980, for example, 19% of all workers age 25 and older had completed four years of college. In 1992, 27% had a bache
15、lors degree or higher. The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue. From 1992 to 2005, employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for those requiring less. Managerial, professional, and technical positions will m
16、ake up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available. Many of the occupations projected for grow most rapidly are those with higher earnings. Office and factory automation, changes in consumer demand, and the movement of factories overseas will continue to affect job opportunities. Empl
17、oyment in jobs requiring little formal education may decline. They may also stagnate, or stay the same, making job opportunities for people who have not finished high school increasingly limited. In addition, those workers will be more likely to have low paying jobs with little opportunity for advan
18、cement. Goods Vs Services Today industries providing services employ more people than those providing goods. Currently, about 21% of the labor force is employed in goods-producing industries, such as mining, manufacturing, and construction. About 79% of United States workers are employed in service-
19、producing industries, such as health care, education, transportation, communications, and banking. Economists forecast a continued increase in the number of jobs in service-producing industries. By 2005, service jobs are expected to make up 82% of the job market. Employment Trends in Service Industr
20、ies Health services will continue to be one of the fastest growing industries in the U. S. economy from 1992 to 2005. For example, home health care is the second most rapidly growing industry today. The increased demand for health services is due to improvements in medical technology, the growing si
21、ze of the U.S. population, and the increasing proportion of older people in the population. Business services, also will generate many jobs by 2005. However, this industry will grow more slowly than it did from 1979 to 1992. Business services include one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S.
22、 economy: computer and data processing services. This industrys rapid growth is due to advances in technology, worldwide trends toward office and factory automation, and increased demand by companies, government agencies, and individuals. Other service industries also will experience growth from 199
23、2 to 2005. Education, for example, is expected to add 2.8 million jobs due to population growth and rising school enrollments. Employment in social services is expected to increase by 1.7 million, In fact, the most rapidly growing industry in the U. S. economy today is residential care. The economy
24、will also see strong job growth in the passenger transportation industry, including travel agencies. Employment in the communications industry, however, is expected to decline by 12%. This decline is due to laborsaving technology and increased competition among companies. Employment Trends in Goods-
25、Producing Industries Overall employment in goods-producing industries is expected to show little change between 1992 and 2005. However, growth will vary among industries, with some industries experiencing an increase in jobs and others experiencing a decrease. Employment in the construction industry
26、, for example, is expected to increase 26%, from 4. 5 million in 1992 to 5.6 million in 2005. The need to improve the nations roads, bridges, and tunnels will offset (补偿 ) the declining demand for new homes and office buildings. Also, after declining for many years, overall employment in farming, fo
27、restry, and fishing is projected to grow by 14%, from 1.7 million to 2 million jobs. Jobs in other goods-producing industries will continue to decline. For example, employment in manufacturing is expected to decrease by 3% from its 1992 level of 18 million jobs. Most of the jobs that will disappear
28、will be production jobs, as machines continue to replace people. However, the number of professional and technical positions in manufacturing will increase. Mining employment, which includes the petroleum industry, is expected to decline 11% by 2005, from 631,000 to 562,000 jobs. 2 The article deals
29、 with the employment of the future in the United States. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Slower population increase is largely responsible for the slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Workers aged 25 34 usually have more employment experience than workers aged 16 24. （ A
30、） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Although the job applicants have not finished high school, they are highly likely to be promoted. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 More people are employed in service sections than in manufacturing ones. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 The increasing proportion of older people is one of the reas
31、ons why home health care grows fastest today. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Loss of the production jobs will occur as robots continue to replace people. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Business services experience rapid growth as a result of worldwide automation, growing demand and _. 10 Increased competition amo
32、ng companies and labor-saving technology will contribute to a loss of jobs in _. 11 In 1992, employment in the manufacturing section was _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will
33、 be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He looks happier lately. （ B） He manages his ti
34、me well. （ C） Hes improved the way he looks. （ D） He follows directions more carefully now. （ A） He agrees with the woman. （ B） He hasnt been to a game recently. （ C） He doesnt know much about basketball. （ D） He doesnt think the team has been playing well. （ A） Go to the class. （ B） Dont go to the
35、class. （ C） She should forget about the class. （ D） Attend the class, but slip from it halfway. （ A） He doesnt put his ideas into practice. （ B） He doesnt have many good ideas. （ C） He has too many dreams. （ D） He likes sleeping much. （ A） The man should see a doctor. （ B） She will help the man chan
36、ge his diet. （ C） She understands why the man seems unhappy. （ D） The doctor has already explained the problem to her. （ A） If he can help her fill out a job application. （ B） If he can introduce her to the camp counselor. （ C） If he knows of any job openings with his former employer. （ D） If hell b
37、e returning to the camp where he worked last year. （ A） He went to see the dentist a week ago. （ B） The woman should cancel her appointment with the dentist. （ C） The womans toothache will go away by itself. （ D） The woman should have seen the dentist earlier. （ A） Ask Johnston one more time. （ B） A
38、sk Johnston to extend the deadline. （ C） Ask Johnston to clarify the submission date. （ D） Ask Johnston to spend more time explaining. （ A） Searching for reference material., （ B） Watching a film of the 1930s. （ C） Writing a course book. （ D） Looking for a job in a movie studio. （ A） Its too broad t
39、o cope with. （ B） Its a bit outdated. （ C） Its controversial, （ D） Its of little practical value. （ A） At the end of the online catalogue. （ B） At the Reference Desk. （ C） In the New York Times. （ D） In the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature. （ A） To ask for help finding a job. （ B） To ask him t
40、o give her some advice. （ C） To invite him to go shopping with her later. （ D） To find out what lies doing during the summer. （ A） She might get a good job later. （ B） She could stay at a hotel at a discount. （ C） She might be able to get course credits for her work. （ D） Itd give her a chance to ma
41、ke a lot of money immediately. （ A） Shell have to work at the hotel during the school year. （ B） Shell have to work long hours. （ C） Her rent will be expensive. （ D） She doesnt pay very well. （ A） Visit the hotel. （ B） Work in the clothing store. （ C） Continue her job search for a while. （ D） Make e
42、xtra money while taking classes. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choi
43、ces marked A, B, C and D. （ A） 15 points. （ B） 30 points. （ C） 45 points. （ D） 75 points. （ A） Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. （ B） Monday, Thursday and Friday. （ C） Monday, Wednesday and Friday. （ D） Monday, Wednesday and Thursday. （ A） A poem. （ B） An essay. （ C） A book report. （ D） A short story. （
44、 A） We are making too many vehicles. （ B） We have more and more industry. （ C） There are too many developing countries. （ D） People use too many man-made materials. （ A） Health. （ B） Industry. （ C） clean air. （ D） Pure water. （ A） Man knows where the society is going. （ B） Man can do nothing about t
45、he problem of pollution. （ C） The speaker is worried about the future of our modern society. （ D） People dont welcome the rapid development of modern society. （ A） For the sake of high grades. （ B） For passing given examinations. （ C） For the good of gaining knowledge. （ D） For the completion of req
46、uired assignments. （ A） To complete them with the aid df their tutors. （ B） To accomplish them mainly through their own efforts. （ C） To read all the reference books assigned by the professors. （ D） To go over all the periodicals, articles and books in the library. （ A） Look for him in his office. （
47、 B） Consult him outside of class. （ C） Make an appointment with him. （ D） Talk to him during classroom hours. （ A） Because they get low grades. （ B） Because they exhaust the reference sources in the library. （ C） Because they can spend only limited time with the professors. （ D） Because their teache
48、rs do not grade every assignment of them. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks nu
49、mbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Its official that married people are healthier, or at least they think they are. An American【 B1】 _of over 100,000 people shows that, despite changing social【 B2】 _in society, there is a link between being married and being【 B3】 _ One reas
