1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 605及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Better Early than Late. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 大学里很多学生总是到考试之 前才开始努力学习 2. 这种做法的危害 3. 提出自己的建议 Better Early than Late 二、
2、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passa
3、ge; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Do Clean Smell Encourage Clean Behavior Years ago, social scientists introduced the broken-windows theory of crime control, which assumed that if a n
4、eighborhood looked orderly and cared for with no broken windows potential wrongdoers would be dissuaded from committing crimes there. Now psychologists have proposed a similar theory, which suggests that people can be induced to behave morally when their environment smells as clean as it looks. Its
5、the Macbeth principle of morality, says Katie Liljenquist, professor of organizational leadership at Brigham Young Universitys Marriott School of Management and lead author of the new study, to be published in Psychological Science. “There is a strong link between moral and physical purity that peop
6、le associate at a core level. People feel contaminated (受污染的 ) by immoral choices and try to wash away their sins,“ says Liljenquist. “To some degree, washing actually is effective in relieving guilt. What we wondered was whether you could regulate ethical behavior through cleanliness. We found that
7、 we could. “ In two separate experiments, researchers were able to influence participants behavior by exposing them to “cleanliness“ in the form of a common cleaning agents smell in this case, orange-scented Windex (清新剂 ). It turned out that people who sat in a room sprayed with Windex were more lik
8、ely to act fairly and charitably than those in unscented air. The first experiment involved an anonymous game of trust. The 28 study participants were told they would be “receivers,“ with whom a group of anonymous “senders“ had been instructed to invest money. Participants were told that each sender
9、 had been given $ 4 and told that any part of it invested with receivers would be tripled. The job of the receiver, then, was to decide what portion of the dividends to return to the sender. In reality, there was no sender, and each study participant received $12, making it seem as though the sender
10、s had entrusted them with the full $ 4 they had been given. But would the receivers return that trust or exploit their unidentified investors? On average, those in the plain-smelling room returned $2.5 to the sender, pocketing the lions share of the money. But those bathed in the scent of Windex sen
11、t back an average of $ 5.5, returning the senders blind faith. The scientists insist they didnt overdo it with the Windex, just a few spritzes(喷 ) so we can get. rid of brain-cell death or poisoning-induced generosity as reasons why those receivers gave back so much of the stolen property. Rather, L
12、iljenquist says, “a moral awareness was awakened in a clean-smelling environment. “ In the second experiment, researchers aimed to manipulate peoples tendency toward charity. Ninety-nine participants were assigned to either a Windex-scented room or a neutral-smelling room and given a packet of tasks
13、 to complete. Included in the packet was a flyer requesting volunteers and donations to the charity Habitat for Humanity. As expected, people in the Windex-sprayed room were more inclined to volunteer and give money than those in the unscented room 22% of those in the clean group said they wanted to
14、 donate money, compared with 6% of the controls. According to co-author Adam Galinsky, a social psychologist at Northwestern Universitys Kellogg School of Management, society relies on incentives(刺激，动机 ), in the form of rewards and punishments, to encourage people to adjust to certain standards of b
15、ehavior. “Economists and even psychologists havent been paying much attention to the fact that small changes in our environment can have dramatic effects on behavior. We underemphasize these subtle environmental cues,“ he says. Liljenquist says the real-life implications of the study could be as sim
16、ple as an office investing more in janitorial supplies (清洁用品 ) than in expensive investigation equipment to keep workers in line. Other researchers suggest, however, that perhaps it wasnt the clean smell that made people more virtuous in the new study, but rather the smell of orange; that is, people
17、 may have behaved better because they smelled something they liked, rather than something “clean.“ “It could be simply that a positive smell creates a positive mood, which encourages positive behavior. You cannot conclude it is cleanliness of itself,“ says Brown University psychologist Rachel Herz,
18、author of The Scent of Desire. To rule out the contradictory factor of good smells, she says, the studys authors could have added a third room to the experiment scented with recently baked chocolate chip cookies, for example. Nevertheless, both morality researchers and olfactory(嗅觉的 ) scientists agr
19、ee that people do strongly associate physical cleanliness with purity of conscience. It is the notion at the heart of proverbs like “cleanliness is next to godliness“ and evidenced by the widespread use of cleansing ceremonies to wash away sins in various religions around the world. (Truth be told,
20、that practice is merely a reckoning of an evolutionary strategy to avoid disease.) For their part, Liljenquist and Galinsky say they controlled for the good-mood effect by giving participants in the second experiment a mood-screening questionnaire. They also say their results are consistent with exi
21、sting written material on cleanliness and morality. For instance, in one of Liljenquists earlier studies, she found, among other things, that cleaning hands after writing about a moral violation made people feel less guilty about it. Other researchers have also tackled the issue of morality and smel
22、l, but from the opposite end of the scope. A paper published last year in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin revealed that people are more critical and judgmental about certain moral issues when exposed to the vapors of a smelly-scented spray. Yes, a smelly-scented spray is a commerciall
23、y available product. By the way, according to a psychologist who has worked with it in experiments, it is nearly impossible to get rid of it. Orange-scented Windex certainly makes for a nicer lab environment, which perhaps has something to do with Liljenquists continued interest in this line of stud
24、y. “Research on how to stay on the moral high ground and promote virtue,“ she says, “is something I find refreshing. “ 2 The broken-windows theory of crime control assumed that if a neighborhood is well managed, _. （ A） potential wrongdoers would be dissuaded from breaking windows. （ B） psychologist
25、 would suggest people behave morally. （ C） it is less likely that people would commit crime there. （ D） it would smei1 as clean as it looks. 3 According to the Macbeth principle of morality, washing is a way to _. （ A） show strong link between moral and physical purity. （ B） get rid of things which
26、are contaminated. （ C） relieve guilt （ D） regulate ethical behavior 4 How much did the people in the plain-smelling room pocket during the experiment? （ A） $4. （ B） $9.5. （ C） $2.5. （ D） $5.5. 5 Why did the scientists scent the room with only a few sprays of Windex in the experiment? （ A） Because th
27、ey wanted to rule out of other explanations for peoples behavior. （ B） Because they didnt want the subjects to notice the smell. （ C） Because Windex are poisonous. （ D） Because they would like to keep the room clean. 6 What did Adam Galinsky believe? （ A） People should get reward to be encouraged to
28、 behave well （ B） Our behavior would be greatly influenced by changes in our environment. （ C） Economists and psychologists hadnt been paying much attention to the smell changes. （ D） People often neglected environment changes. 7 According to Liljenquist, what is the implication of the study? （ A） P
29、eople should buy more janitorial supplies. （ B） People should not invest in expensive investigation. （ C） People should use more Windex. （ D） People should make the environment much cleaner. 8 Whats the flaw of the experiment according to Rachel Herz? （ A） It should have added a third room with oran
30、ge smell. （ B） It should have used chocolate cookies smell instead of Windex spray. （ C） It didnt exclude the factor of good smell from clean smell. （ D） It didnt provide the subjects with chocolate cookies. 9 According to scientists, many people believe that physical cleanliness is trongly linked t
31、o _. 10 One of Liljenquists study showed that if people clean hands after writing about a moral violation, they would feel _. 11 A paper published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin revealed that when people are exposed to smelly scent, they will be more _. Section A Directions: In th
32、is section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must
33、read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） A railway porter. （ B） A bus conductor. （ C） A taxi driver. （ D） A postal clerk. （ A） Her hairstyle is very beautiful. （ B） Her hairstyle is not nice. （ C） The hairstyle really changes her appearance. （ D） The woma
34、n has a sense of style. （ A） Jane is looking for a summer job. （ B） Jane is packing for the summer vacation. （ C） Jane is on her way home. （ D） Jane is eager to go home for the vacation. （ A） The chocolate cookie tastes terrible. （ B） The chocolate cookie is very delicious. （ C） Jack will never make
35、 such cookies. （ D） He got the only one in this world. （ A） He has never felt good in his life. （ B） The Yoga has improved his health. （ C） He is unhappy about his life. （ D） He is thinking of taking a Yoga exercise. （ A） The train is delayed. （ B） The train has left. （ C） The train leaves three tim
36、es a day. （ D） Someone gave the woman wrong information. （ A） Go to watch the baseball match. （ B） Drive to work. （ C） Try to fix the car. （ D） Stop working and have some rest. （ A） She can only make it on Sunday. （ B） She doesnt like volleyball. （ C） She doesnt want to play volleyball on Sunday. （
37、D） She will try to make it on Sunday. （ A） She wants the job because she is bankrupt. （ B） She can speak three languages. （ C） She is 25 years old when she is attending the interview. （ D） She is a student in N. C. State University. （ A） Because he is from Germany. （ B） Because the company was estab
38、lished by a German. （ C） Because German will be needed in their business. （ D） Because he likes the language of German. （ A） By e-mail. （ B） By sending her fax. （ C） By calling her. （ D） By visiting her. （ A） There was a traffic accident. （ B） A car was smashed by a falling object. （ C） A car hit so
39、meone near the high building. （ D） A driver was lolled in his new car. （ A） The woman never reads newspaper. （ B） The man is always proud of his car. （ C） The woman had her new car damaged. （ D） The man had his old car insured. （ A） He had his car hit by a falling piece of concrete. （ B） He was fine
40、d for speeding in South Street. （ C） He had been unable to park his specially-made car. （ D） He could not claim anything from the insurance company. （ A） He was annoyed. （ B） He was pleased. （ C） He felt it could be replaced. （ D） He did not care. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear
41、 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） 200. （ B） 219. （ C） 2,795. （ D） 290 （ A） Spanish. （ B）
42、 Arabic. （ C） French. （ D） Welsh. （ A） Because they are realizing the importance of foreign language in their future world. （ B） Because they dont want to communicate with foreigners in English. （ C） Because the government regulates the study of foreign language. （ D） Because more and more foreign l
43、anguage courses are programmed at universities. （ A） They need to cost more money. （ B） They need to drive there by cars. （ C） They usually need to spend about $10 to $15 a day. （ D） They usually need to reserve in advance. （ A） There are enough parking spaces for guests. （ B） The guests can cook me
44、al. （ C） They usually locate outside of the center of city. （ D） They are more convenient for the people who driving cars. （ A） Because they are more expensive than motels. （ B） Because it is inconvenient to rent this private rooms. （ C） Because they cannot provide modern conveniences as motels. （ D
45、） Because they are old-fashioned and outdated. （ A） The exhibits are better preserved than years ago. （ B） The schedule of visits is more sophisticated. （ C） They are much less expensive than before. （ D） They are more popular with common people now. （ A） More people come to enjoy museums. （ B） More
46、 people fear to experience new things. （ C） Many old people are puzzled by modern exhibits. （ D） Many children are addicted to the displays. （ A） To attract people with different interests. （ B） To charge additional service fees. （ C） To help them feel at ease with science. （ D） To teach them basic
47、survival skills. （ A） Dinners. （ B） Movies. （ C） Novels. （ D） Classes. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are requ
48、ired to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 It is common knowledge that
49、 music can have a powerful effect on our【 36】 . In fact, since 1930s, music therapists have【 37】 on music to soothe【 38】 and help control pain. Now psychologists are【 39】 that music can also help【 40】 depression and improve concentration. For instance, in a recent study, 15 surgeons were given some highly【 41】 math problems to solve. They were【 42】 into three groups: one worked in silence, and in another, the surgeons listened to music of their choice on headphones; the third listened to【 43】 music chos
