1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 682及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Money. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1有人喜欢存钱 2有人却喜欢提前消费 3我的观点 My View on Money 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimmin
2、g and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contrad
3、icts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Climate Change May Make Insect-Borne Diseases Harder to Control Climate change can influence how infectious diseases affect the world, particularly illnesses spread by vector (传染媒介 ) like
4、mosquitoes. Now scientists have developed some understanding about how rainfall and temperature can influence malaria, dengue (登革热 ) and West Nile virus infections as well as ways to combat them. Vector-borne diseases are among the most complex and annoying illnesses to manage, since so many element
5、s are at play, like host resistance, the environment, urbanization and the pathogens (病原体 ) themselves. As a result, its difficult to tease out any one factor to measure, and with the added effects of warming weather and shifting precipitation (降水 ), ongoing disease-management efforts are becoming m
6、ore complicated. “Climate change is not going to invent any new diseases; its going to make controlling existing diseases harder.“ said Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, head of the climate change team at the World Health Organizations headquarters. “Weve been describing the links between climate change and
7、 health for quite a long time.“ Diseases spread by mosquitoes are particularly affected by climate change, since the insects lay their eggs in standing water, be it in puddles, ponds, lakes or tide pools. Standing water varies with rainfall, humidity and temperature, with wetter weather typically sh
8、owing a greater number of mosquitoes. When a female mosquito matures, she can spread infections by drawing blood from an infected host and transmitting the illness to a different host with another bite. Heat can also influence how a pathogen is spread. In the case of West Nile virus, rising temperat
9、ures work both in favor of and against the spread of the disease. “The pathogenthe warmer the temperature, the faster it moves from the blood to being transmitted. It usually takes a while for the virus to get into the mosquitos salivary glands,“ said Marm Kilpatrick, an assistant professor in ecolo
10、gy and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “The biting rate also gets faster. So those things are all going to give you more transmission.“ On the other hand, hotter weather shortens the mosquitos life span. “What you basically have going on is three factors going in on
11、e direction and one factor in the other direction,“ said Kilpatrick, who published a paper on West Nile virus last month in the journal Science. “Its a little bit tricky to make a solid prediction.“ West Nile virus is an interesting case study because the disease originated in Africa and emerged in
12、North America in 1999, relatively recently as far as diseases go. Because of this, researchers have tracked where the disease has spread over time. Kilpatrick found that the virus is most abundant in human-developed areas like cities and farms. He also found that the virus quickly adapted to use loc
13、al mosquitoes in the United States, and hosts like robins played an important role in spreading the virus over long distances. However, Kilpatrick hesitates to link climate change directly to yearly changes in West Nile infection rates, since land use changes and infected hosts move around. Nonethel
14、ess, lessons from climate change and West Nile can be applied to more prevalent diseases. “The same questions were wondering about West Nile apply to malaria and dengue,“ said Kilpatrick. A killer with no cure spreads Dengue fever is one of the worlds most common diseases, with one-third of the worl
15、d living in endemic areas (病区 ), according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It afflicts 900 million people worldwide, and the number is growing, according to Khoa T. D. Thai, a researcher at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam and at the Oxford University Clinical Research
16、Unit in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. Thai, who co-authored a paper on dengue this past summer in Experimental Biology and Medicine, said that the number of people afflicted by the disease is increasing, but part of the rise comes from more awareness and better diagnostics (诊断法 ) as health care reach
17、es impoverished and rural areas. The distribution of the disease is also growing, some of which Thai attributes to climate change as regions with tropical climates expand. Since dengue has no cure or vaccine, fighting the disease must focus mainly on prevention, whether its draining water to prevent
18、 mosquitoes from breeding or wearing long sleeves and using mosquito repellents. Anticipating climate trends is also important in fighting mosquito-borne diseases, particularly with malaria. “The key step to all of this is to understand what happens with climate variability,“ said Andy Dobson, a pro
19、fessor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Princeton University. “Although weve got some fantastic weather data, its always being cleaned up. In general we need much better models for how climate variability affects malaria.“ Getting ahead of malaria shifts from climate change is important becaus
20、e people who have been exposed to the parasite (寄 生物 ) the most have the strongest resistance to it, said Dobson, who wrote about this topic in Trends in Ecology and Evolution in June. As the disease moves to new areas, previously unexposed populations may experience an epidemic. “Malaria will expan
21、d particularly in the mountain regions. Weve seen increasingly strong evidence of that in the east African highlands,“ he said, noting how drought and rainfall have shifted and warming weather has made mountains more welcoming to mosquitoes. “Malaria will always come from an interaction between temp
22、erature and rainfall,“ added Dobson. “The rainfall certainly determines the mosquito abundance, and temperature affects the parasites.“ Dobson said it is more efficient to combat malaria by using mosquito nets and managing the environment rather than some of the more exotic proposed control measures
23、 like lasers to shoot mosquitoes. “Understanding the ecological dynamics of the disease will get you much more bang for your buck,“ he said. With better climate predictions and land management, Dobson said malaria and other vector-borne diseases can be reduced significantly. 2 What makes vector-born
24、e diseases more complicated to manage? （ A） The added effects of climate change. （ B） The rapid progress of urbanization. （ C） The sudden appearance of new pathogens. （ D） The bodys resistance to diseases. 3 What kind of environment favors mosquitoes most when they lay eggs? （ A） Dry weather and sta
25、nding water. （ B） Cool weather and running water. （ C） Wet weather and standing water. （ D） Hot weather and running water. 4 What do we know about the spread of West Nile virus? （ A） The warm weather can slow down its transmission. （ B） Heat has positive as well as negative effects on its spread. （
26、C） It takes long for the virus to enter the mosquitos salivary glands. （ D） It is easy for experts to make a solid prediction on its spread. 5 Where is West Nile virus most abundant according to Kilpatrick? （ A） In urban areas and farms. （ B） In poor and rural areas. （ C） In remote mountainous areas
27、. （ D） In some wild bird habitats. 6 Kilpatrick hesitates to link climate change to West Nile infection rates because of_. （ A） the changes in the number of mosquitoes （ B） the difficulty of counting infected people （ C） the endurance of the West Nile virus to heat （ D） the uncertainty of land use a
28、nd infected hosts 7 Thai thinks the number of people afflicted by dengue fever is increasing partly due to_. （ A） peoples ignorance of its transmission （ B） better diagnostics brought about by health care （ C） more exposure to vectors like mosquitoes （ D） worse climatic conditions caused by air poll
29、ution 8 The prevention of dengue fever involves_. （ A） flooding the breeding area of mosquitoes （ B） putting on clothes with short sleeves （ C） using chemicals to repel mosquitoes （ D） receiving the injection of dengue vaccine 9 As weather data is always cleaned up, it is necessary to have much bett
30、er models for_. 10 The epidemic situation in the east African highlands shows that malaria spreads particularly in_ 11 Compared with those unusual measures to combat malaria, it is more recommended by Dobson to use mosquito nets and_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conv
31、ersations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C a
32、nd D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Ask his friends about the exhibition. （ B） See the exhibition when it comes to campus. （ C） Spend some time studying about the exhibition. （ D） Go to the exhibition soon. （ A） Begin studying for a test. （ B） Go to the student center. （ C） Go to the caf
33、eteria. （ D） Try to find her book. （ A） The woman wants to buy new clothes. （ B） The woman sometimes borrows money from the man. （ C） The woman has enough money to buy new clothes. （ D） The woman will spend more on clothes. （ A） The man should have used a different film. （ B） The instructions for th
34、e new camera are not clear. （ C） The man may have operated the camera incorrectly. （ D） The camera probably needs to be repaired. （ A） University students are not qualified for the discount tickets. （ B） The student tickets are not available until next month. （ C） He has already purchased a discount
35、 ticket for the woman. （ D） The woman can still purchase the discount tickets. （ A） The man might be a teacher. （ B） The woman feels the same as the man on getting up early. （ C） The man will attend the morning class. （ D） The woman will have a nightmare if she gets up early. （ A） At 7:45. （ B） At 7
36、:35. （ C） At 7:25. （ D） At 7:15. （ A） It is too late for the woman to go to the concert. （ B） The woman must wait for two hours to buy a ticket. （ C） People have already been standing in line for two hours. （ D） The woman can buy a standing-room ticket tomorrow. （ A） It provides us food and place to
37、 live. （ B） It contacts with us from birth to death. （ C） It works with genes to shape who we are. （ D） It includes everything we experience. （ A） A group of DNA. （ B） A biochemical reaction. （ C） A single protein. （ D） A building structure. （ A） Genes role is the most complex. （ B） Monkeys genes ar
38、e most closely related to humans. （ C） Mices genes are least closely related to humans. （ D） Genetic study can help cure some diseases. （ A） Essex, Brentwood, England. （ B） Brentwood, England, Essex. （ C） Brentwood, Essex, England. （ D） Essex, England, Brentwood. （ A） It is a small town next to Lond
39、on. （ B） It has a large population. （ C） It is in the southeast of Scotland. （ D） It is a poor city. （ A） Its a relatively small town. （ B） The people living there are very rich. （ C） It has a terrible population. （ D） Its close to London. （ A） The woman is not satisfied with the recreation there. （
40、 B） The man thinks highly of the recreation there. （ C） All kinds of recreations are available there. （ D） The man thinks little of the recreation there. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage
41、and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving. （ B） They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent. （ C） They are
42、irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars. （ D） They are pleased because it saves them much time. （ A） They dont have their own cars to drive to work. （ B） Many of them are romantic by temperament. （ C） Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat. （ D） They tend to be more friendly to each othe
43、r. （ A） Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board. （ B） Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed. （ C） Some suggest improving the design of the deck. （ D） Some object to using larger luxury boats. （ A） It helps the candidate get the job. （ B） Its a good way to flatter the manager
44、. （ C） It shows that the candidate is confident. （ D） It shows that the candidate is polite. （ A） A note sent through an e-mail with many words. （ B） A note done by handwriting with specificity. （ C） A note that is brief and general. （ D） A note that is long and specific. （ A） A thank-you note is si
45、gnificant before an interview. （ B） A handwriting note is not as good as an e-mail note. （ C） A thank-you note should be as general as possible. （ D） The manager tends to read a brief thank-you note. （ A） How to freeze fish. （ B） How to dry fish. （ C） How to can fish. （ D） How to smoke fish. （ A） To
46、 remove the blood from the meat. （ B） To make the fish fresh. （ C） To remove the fishy smell. （ D） To make the fish salty. （ A） Pull them out by hands. （ B） Throw the sinking fish away. （ C） Pour more water into the container. （ D） Add more salt to the water. （ A） The more the salt is used, the bett
47、er the fish tastes. （ B） Fish should be cut off heads before they are being dried. （ C） The fish should be out of bright sunlight while they are being dried. （ D） The container must be covered with a heavy stone and placed on a wooden table. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a pas
48、sage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you
49、 are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Tourism really is a big business these days. Its【 B1】 _. It involves hotels, transportation,【 B2】 _, shops, and thousands of people. The tour companies keep telling us what a good thing it is and how much we can learn about people and【 B3】 _, but sometimes I wonder if this is really true. A【 B4】 _that I know went abroad last summer. They tra
