1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 812及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Notice for the Forthcoming Movie Show. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 即将上映一部电影 2. 简单介绍该电影中的主要演员及故事情节等 3. 放映时间及主办者 A Notice for the Forthcoming Movie S
2、how 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the
3、 passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 About Gender Differences It is said that the first thing we ask about a newborn baby is “Is it a boy or a girl?“ But it might be considered tha
4、t this is the first thing we ask ourselves whenever we meet anyone new. Perhaps this is why we find it so threatening if the cues are uncertain, and even more so if we find our first assumptions turns out to be incorrect. Men are different from women. That would seem to be self-evident. They are dif
5、ferent in ability, skill and behavior, but then, so is every individual person. So why do we make such a fuss about it? It seems not unreasonable to suggest that the sexes are different because their brains are different, but then no two human brains are the same. It is suggested that our culture is
6、 in trouble because many women have been brought up to believe they should be as good as men. Well, why not? Why will only touch on these topics briefly? There is enough material for a dozen books. Suffice it to say that all the studies report on the way boys and girls are, not how they got to be th
7、at way, or rather how they were at the time of the study. Commonality across cultures and species implies some biological basis. The fact that the situation is changing reflects the power of socialization. At School There are studies about relative abilities of perception, vision, sound and touch. C
8、ertainly, if you watched a carpenter run his fingers along a planed surface and being able to tell how smooth it was, you would find it difficult to believe that boys lack tactile(触觉的 ) sensitivity. Another is that girls tend to pick up auditory information while boys do better visually. Several stu
9、dies suggested that, from school age on, boys outperformed girls in areas of mathematics involving abstract concepts of space, relationships and theory. The big issue is the difference in the spatial abilities between boys and girls. It seems that boys find it much easier to visualize and deal with
10、spaces, the position of objects, relative heights and dimensions. In a test involving a three dimensional mechanical device, only a quarter of the girls could perform the task as well as the boys and it isnt recorded if any boys were actually worse. Why are girls more successful at school? Perhaps e
11、mphasis on communication in projects and exams could explain the situation. Success at school nowadays depends on being able to write essays and examination papers. If girls are better at verbal communication than boys, then they are likely to succeed. But, if there are more boys than girls who find
12、 difficulty learning at school, does it not imply a serious defect in our educational system? In Sports In general, men are taller and heavier than women. In sports, men tend to outperform women in strength and speed. Women seem to have greater endurance. In spite of many attempts, sports have never
13、 become completely intended for both men and women. Yet, for example, running speeds for male and female athletes have improved steadily through the 20th century, but women have improved much more than men. The same is found for, athletics, swimming and cycling. Hence it is predicted that sex differ
14、ences might disappear by the middle of the next century. However S.Seiler and S.Sailer, in “The Gender Gap. Elite Women Are Running Further Behind“, point out that, since the date of their studies, the rate of improvement has much reduced. They suggest a correlation with the use of drugs enhancing p
15、erformance, and their more recent prohibition. These have a greater effect on women than they do with men. Biological Differences Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive, physically and verbally, and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy “dares“. More men than women are convi
16、cted for crimes, especially crimes of violence. Some say that this is simply a matter of biology, others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often they tur
17、n out to be very small differences. Biologicaly, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. Although one would expect there to be an equal chance of the fetus (胎儿 ) being a boy or girl, it appears that the ratio for boys is about 20 percent higher, yet only about the same number come to term. On avera
18、ge, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, and have a better rate of survival after one year. Symptoms also vary by sex: women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are mo
19、re easily to be infected by viruses and have a shorter average life span. In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. Some have raised worries about differences in the effectiveness and side effects of various drugs. Social Consi
20、derations However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all, or the pressure to deny them, socially we still expect women to behave like women and men like men. The real problem is not that sex differences exist, but that in our everyday instinct of what sexual or ge
21、nder behavior is appropriate, our concepts may be too narrow or too rigid. The “biological determinism“ argument, too often, reinforces this. While others now say that there is too much biological evidence to deny the fact of sexual difference, we cannot ignore the effect of learning. To start with,
22、 the idea that we are the helpless products of our heredity (遗传 ) takes away our free will. We must not allow those who insist on the difference to blind us to the similarities and we must not allow the biological stereotypes to get away with the idea that there is only one kind of man and one kind
23、of woman. As J. Sayers in Biological Politics puts it: “When one examines these supposedly purely biological accounts of gender roles one finds that they are rooted in appeal to social, not biological, considerations. This is true not only of recent biological analyses of sexual divisions in society
24、 but also of the biological explanations of these divisions advanced in the 19th century. The similarity between earlier and current versions of the theses that biology is womans destiny is striking.“ Relevant Findings Out of the large number of papers that had been produced up until 1974, about dif
25、ferences between men and women, E. E. Maccoby and C. N. Jacklin in The Psychology of Sex Differences found only the following main differences: Males are more aggressive than females. Though this finding has been challenged, and the definition of aggression itself questioned, it is a fairly common f
26、eature, both of human cultures and of the more complex species, male children are more likely to engage in play fighting and adults more likely to fight. Many challenge this, while others assert that it is the primary indicator of masculinity and femininity. Females have more verbal ability than mal
27、es, while males have better visual-spatial skills. The distinction seems to appear at about the age of eleven and, because of the relevance to education, it has received a great deal of attention. Although girls and boys seem to have the same ability for computational arithmetic, teenage boys also s
28、eem to do better at the more abstract mathematics. It might seem that a childhood of social experience is the primary factor. However, the biological argument suggests that the hormonal (荷尔蒙的 ) changes of puberty activate those differences which did not grow in the past. Maccoby and Jacklins 1974 re
29、view of the papers on gender and sex differences is the one most often quoted, and it may be that, more than thirty years later, another is urgently needed. 2 According to this passage, the idea that men are different from women is _. （ A） questioned by the author （ B） certainly true （ C） widely den
30、ied （ D） not commented on 3 As for spatial abilities, _. （ A） men are better than women in visualizing objects. （ B） men can always defeat women in related tests. （ C） mens advantages have been scientifically proved. （ D） men acquire them through much training and practice. 4 According to S. Seiler
31、and S.Sailer, _ （ A） female athletes will have run faster than male ones by the middle of the next century. （ B） men intend to run faster than women because they are in a more advantageous physical condition. （ C） women have improved much more in running speed than men because the former seem to hav
32、e greater endurance. （ D） the rate of improvement in running speed for female athletes has much reduced since the research began. 5 Men are said to be more aggressive and enjoy taking risks for _. （ A） biological reasons （ B） social reasons （ C） economic reasons （ D） reasons not mentioned in the pas
33、sage 6 When it comes to the social considerations of “gender“, the real problem lies in _. （ A） whether sex differences exist or not （ B） the pressure to deny sex differences （ C） our narrow concepts of what gender behavior is appropriate （ D） whether biological evidence disproves sex differences 7
34、According to the author, we shouldnt neglect _ while others put too much stress on gender differences. （ A） gender similarities （ B） gender roles （ C） the free will of us （ D） the effect of learning 8 The difference between males and females in visual-spatial skills and verbal ability seems to origi
35、nate _. （ A） in adulthood （ B） in childhood （ C） from school experiences （ D） from inborn hormonal conditions 9 It is generally believed that _ are more likely to be successful at school. 10 On average, men experience heart attacks _ earlier than women, and have a better rate of survival after one y
36、ear. 11 Females have more verbal ability than males, while males have better _ skills. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation
37、and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） One. （ B） Two. （ C） Three. （ D） Four. （ A） The unsmiling faces. （ B） The sun. （ C） The residents. （
38、D） The weather. （ A） Julias friends dont call her very often. （ B） Julia doesnt like talking with her friends. （ C） Julia likes chatting on the phone with her friends. （ D） Julia doesnt have many friends. （ A） Wait for Mr. Whites call. （ B） Make another call later. （ C） Pay the manager a visit. （ D）
39、 Speak in a louder voice. （ A） He is ashamed of Prof. Wang. （ B） He will congratulate Prof. Wang. （ C） He will help Prof. Wang paint his car. （ D） He will tell Prof. Wang the bad news. （ A） To pay for transportation. （ B） To make a phone call. （ C） To do shopping. （ D） To give them to the woman. （ A
40、） Listening to the radio. （ B） Reading a newspaper. （ C） Watching television. （ D） Watching a sports game. （ A） He hasnt seen any movie for a long time. （ B） The movie he saw was Gone with the Wind. （ C） It is one of the best movies he has ever seen. （ D） He likes seeing movies very much. （ A） Litte
41、r. （ B） Water pollution. （ C） Air pollution. （ D） Noise pollution. （ A） The Federal Exchange Commission. （ B） The Environmental Protection Agency. （ C） The United States Congress. （ D） The President. （ A） The President. （ B） The Federal Aviation Administration. （ C） The United States Congress. （ D）
42、The Environmental Protection Agency. （ A） A landscape artist. （ B） A teacher. （ C） A student. （ D） A school registrar. （ A） Write a book. （ B） Attend an afternoon meeting. （ C） Enroll in another class. （ D） Go to the art museum. （ A） A textbook. （ B） Some paintbrushes. （ C） A bouquet of flowers. （ D
43、） Some drawings. （ A） Encouraged. （ B） Annoyed. （ C） Surprised. （ D） Confused. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
44、must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Because they are often early risers. （ B） Because they often do their work unnoticed. （ C） Because they were born to do their work. （ D） Because people never stop to talk to them. （ A） When the dustbins were not emptied dur
45、ing the strike. （ B） When some jokes were made about the work of the dustmen. （ C） When there were so many dustbins in every backyard in the country. （ D） When the dustmen were offered higher wages. （ A） Dustmen axe very sensible people. （ B） Strike is an ineffective way to show the power of the dus
46、tmen. （ C） People cant live comfortably without the dustmen. （ D） The dustmen in England are more respected today. （ A） The good points of the federal system. （ B） How power is divided under the federal system. （ C） The difference between the central government and the states. （ D） The different fun
47、ctions of the central government and the states. （ A） Printing money. （ B） Limiting state taxes. （ C） Making treaties with foreign countries. （ D） Passing laws affecting trade between the states. （ A） All the states have respective powers. （ B） The central government and the states share the same po
48、wers. （ C） The powers of the country are fairly divided up between states. （ D） It is the Constitution that specifies the power for the central government and the states. （ A） Die. （ B） Become such people as George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison. （ C） Become very successful. （ D） Find it extreme
49、ly difficult to get a job. （ A） A college diploma will help one to get a successful career more easily. （ B） After college education, one should not pursue further education. （ C） After college education, one must have an MBA from a first-rate university. （ D） After college education, the more one gets education, the less he will earn after graduation. （ A） Physics or chemistry. （ B） English or history. （ C） Anthropology or political science. （ D） Language or philosophy. （ A） High school teachers
