1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 82及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Private Cars in China. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: Private Cars in China 1. 中国人拥有私家车的现状。 2. 你对中国人拥有私家车所持的观点。 3.
2、 解决的办法。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in
3、 the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 If it werent for nicotine, people wouldnt smoke tobacco. Why? Because of the more than 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the pr
4、imary one that acts on the brain, altering peoples moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes se
5、veral dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens(致癌物质 ), which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illness. Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million peop
6、le make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate(慢慢滋长 ) itself into the smokers brain? The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drag. Smokers, and ev
7、en some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is enhanced performance. One study found that non-smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degree, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety,
8、relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites(thus helping in weight control). Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects beyond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal syste
9、ms and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia(体温 降低 ). First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. R is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhap
10、s surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant(though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans). As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a
11、 cigarette wasnt released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia(氨水 ) to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps to keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporized by the intense heat o
12、f the burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes for sale in the US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporized nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of
13、nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporized nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of t
14、he mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker see
15、ks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smokers first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than on swallowed, snorted(such as cocaine po
16、wder) or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries(毛细血管 ) with the brain. Capillaries normally carry nutrients but they readily accommodate nicotine molecules as we
17、ll. Once inside the brain, nicotine, like most addictive drags, triggers the release of chemicals associated with euphoria and pleasure. Just as it moves rapidly from the lungs into the bloodstream, nicotine also easily diffuses through capillary walls. It then migrates to the spaces surrounding neu
18、ronsganglion cells that transmit nerve impulses throughout the nervous system. These impulses are the basis for our thoughts, feelings, and moods. To transmit nerve impulses to its neighbor, a neurone releases chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. Like nicotine molecules, the neurotransmit
19、ters drift into the so-called synaptic space between neurons, ready to latch onto the receiving neurone and thus deliver a chemical “message“ that triggers an electrical impulse. The neurotransmitters bind onto receptors on the surface of the recipient neurone. This opens channels in the cell surfac
20、e through which enter ions, or charged atoms, of sodium. This generates a current across the membrane of the receiving cell, which completes delivery of the “message“. An accomplished mimic, nicotine competes with the neurotransmitters to bind to the receptors. It wins and, like the vanquished chemi
21、cal, opens ion channels that let sodium ions into the cell. But theres a lot more nicotine around than the membrane. This bigger current causes increased electrical impulses to travel along certain neurons. With repeated smoking, the neurons adapt to this increased electrical activity, and the smoke
22、r becomes dependent on the nicotine. 2 Although nicotine is probably the well-known chemical in cigarettes, it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 In spite of the difficulties, according to the text more than thirty-fiv
23、e million people a year give up smoking. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve peoples abilities to perform some actions more quickly. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Ammonia added in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Snort
24、ed substances reach the brain faster than injected substances. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 8 Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurones. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 9 Cigarette companies w
25、ould have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by _ to prevent them from being addictive. 10 According to the passage, a cigarette can raise a smokers heart rate by _ a minute. 11 In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbor, a neurone sends _ known as neuron-transmitters. Section A Dire
26、ctions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pau
27、se, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） At a concert. （ B） At an art museum. （ C） At a flower shop. （ D） At a restaurant. （ A） $16. （ B） $8. （ C） $32. （ D） $40. （ A） $100. （ B） $115. （ C） $126. （ D） $150. （ A） By bus. （ B） By plane. （ C） By
28、car. （ D） By train. （ A） She is not feeling very well. （ B） She is very iii. （ C） She is annoyed with the doctor. （ D） She is badly hurt. （ A） She went to Moscow. （ B） She went to a conference. （ C） She went to a hospital. （ D） She stayed home. （ A） He believes that Jack will be able to sell his hou
29、se. （ B） He believes that Jack was joking. （ C） He agrees with the woman. （ D） He believes that Jack will quit his job. （ A） At a post office. （ B） At a bank. （ C） At an airport. （ D） At a hospital. （ A） San Francisco. （ B） Forest fires. （ C） Redwood trees. （ D） Survival skills. （ A） In Mill. （ B） N
30、ear Los Angeles. （ C） In San Francisco. （ D） Along the northern California coast. （ A） It has no admission fee. （ B） It is near San Francisco. （ C） It has a good view of the coast. （ D） It can be seen in one hour. （ A） He wants to obtain an international drivers license that he can use both in the U
31、.S. and in his country. （ B） He wants to take a drivers test to get an Arizona drivers license. （ C） He wants to know whether he can use his international drivers license in Arizona. （ D） He wants to fill out an application for an Arizona drivers license. （ A） Show his student ID and pay ten dollars
32、. （ B） Use his international drivers license. （ C） Take a drivers test and apply for a limited license. （ D） Show proof of temporary residence. （ A） Less than one year. （ B） Four years. （ C） Five years. （ D） Ten years. （ A） Fill out an application. （ B） Go back to the university to get his ID. （ C）
33、Go to see his friend. （ D） Take a written exam and an eye exam. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the
34、 best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） There are sharks in the sea. （ B） The waves are too rough for young swimmers. （ C） The water is too cold to swim in it. （ D） The waves are too rough for most swimmers. （ A） To ask another strong swimmer to accompany you. （ B） Inquire abou
35、t local currents and tides. （ C） Keep your eyes open for the red flag at the beach. （ D） Keep off some dangerous sharks in the sea. （ A） He may lose his life in the ocean. （ B） He may be killed by the white shark. （ C） He may be injured by the white shark. （ D） He may eat up a lot of sea wate （ A） T
36、here are 177 canals in Venice. （ B） Venice is sinking into the Adriatic Sea. （ C） There are many kinds of boats on the canals. （ D） There arent any roads or streets in Venice. （ A） They will build some huge walls to walk on. （ B） They will build gates in the sea to keep water out. （ C） They will bui
37、ld some roads in the sea. （ D） They will build some more buildings in the sea. （ A） In 2040. （ B） In 2014. （ C） In 2034. （ D） In 2044. （ A） Who the early settlers were. （ B） When the first Arbor Day began. （ C） How the first Arbor Day came into being. （ D） Who was J. Sterling Morton. （ A） the southe
38、rn parts of the present U.S.A （ B） the eastern parts of the present U.S.A （ C） the western parts of the present U.S.A （ D） the northern parts of the present U.S.A （ A） A politician. （ B） A newspaperman. （ C） A farmer. （ D） An architect. （ A） 1872. （ B） 1,872,000. （ C） 10,000,000. （ D） 1,000,000. Sec
39、tion C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you
40、 have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 It seems that beauty and women are 【 B1】 _. You are joking? No, I am not. 【 B2】 _ for yourself. 【 B3】
41、 _ on fashion flood TV 【 B4】 _, radio programs, magazines, newspapers, and the streets. Whether they have 【 B5】 _ or not, women are 【 B6】 _ by a sea of fashion. They are taught to think that without beautiful clothes they will grow old and lose their 【 B7】 _ So who dares to 【 B8】 _ dressing up at th
42、e cost of their appearance and youth? But I do not agree with the opinion that women have to show their beauty through their looks. 【 B9】 _ A woman who has experienced many troubles and may be called “aunt“ or “granny“ can still maintain her beauty if she has such excellent qualities as knowledge, a
43、bility, a kind heart, great courage and concern for others. In addition, old and young, beautiful and ugly are relative concepts. People who keep a young mind will never feel old. 【 B10】 _ . 【 B11】 _. Reading and learning is the best way to keep one youthful. Good books are fertile soil which can fe
44、ed the flower of ones heart and looks. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a
45、word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 48
46、 Where do pesticides(杀虫剂 ) fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the 【 S1】 _ to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is par
47、t of 【 S2】 _. Can he 【 S3】 _ a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world? We know that even 【 S4】 _ exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers,
48、 farm workers, and others exposed to 【 S5】 _ quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the 【 S6】 _ effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that 【 S7】 _ pollute our world. Responsible public health officials
49、have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative(积累的 ) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the 【 S8】 _ of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily 【 S9】 _. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. “Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obviou
